TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN THE NOVEL
“CATCHING FIRE” INTO
BAHASA INDONESIA
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By
Devi Annisa Marpaung
Registration Number : 8146111014
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
i ABSTRACT
DEVI ANNISA MARPAUNG. Translation of Figurative Language in the
Novel “Catching Fire” into Bahasa Indonesia. English Applied Linguistics
Study Program, Postgraduate School, State University of Medan, 2016.
This study is about translation strategies in relation to translate figurative language in Catching Fire novel both in English and Indonesian version. The objectives of this research are to describe the types of figurative language, to describe the translation methods and the reason used the most dominant of types of figurative language and the translation method. This research is designed in descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research are words and phrases in terms of figurative language, and source of data is Catching Fire novel in original and indonesian version. The analysis of this research is done with Miles, Huberman, and Saldana’s interactive model (2014) which encompasses data condensation, data display and verification drawing conclusion. The types of figurative language are analyzed based on Perrine’s theory (types of translation methods are analyzed based on Newmark’s theory (1984), and the reason of why the dominant of translation methods were used in Catching Fire novel is analyzed based on the analysis of Figurative language and translation method. The result of this study shown that there were seven types of namely simile, metaphor, personification, overstatement, understatement, irony of situation and symbol. Furthermore, the researcher found (86) data for Overstatement,(37) data for Personification , (21)data for similes , (21)data for understatement,(19)data for metaphorsand the two last figures of speech that are(16)data for irony of situations, and (4) data for symbols.The methods of translation in this novel is literal translation method which has (158) data and the communicative translation method which has(46) data. And the The reason of translator used the most dominant translation method. because in general, the literal translated by is a translated by which prioritizes the equivalent of word or expression in the TL or in expressions that have a reference or meaning of the same word or expression in the SL and because according to Newmark, the literal translated by could be translated by word for word, phrase by phrase, clause by clause or even sentence by sentence.The translator changed the meaning of word in order to make an understandable sentence for the readers, the readers can understand the translation in the novel. Inconclusion, the translator has to know the methods to overcome the problems of equivalence of words and phrases in the figurative language translation in order the messages from the source language can be transferred proportionally into the target language.
ii ABSTRAK
DEVI ANNISA MARPAUNG. MetodeTerjemahan dari “Bahasa Kiasan”
Bahasa Inggris pada Novel “Catching Fire” ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Sekolah Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Medan, 2016.
Penelitian ini mengenai metode terjemahan yang berkaitan dengan cara menerjemahkan bahasa kiasan di dalam novel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tipe dari bahasa kiasan, untuk menganalisis metode terjemahan dan untuk mengetahui alasan mengapa penerjemah menggunakan metode terjemahan yang paling dominant di dalam novel. Data dari penelitian ini adalah kata-kata dan phrasa yang termasuk bahasa kiasan , dan sumber data adalah ”Catching Fire” novel baik dalam versi Inggris dan Indonesia. Analisis penelitian dengan menggunakan teori dari Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana (2014) yang mengemukakan data condensation, data display, dan drawing conclusion. Tipe dari bahasa kiasan di analisis berdasarkan teori dari Perrine, tipe dari metode terjemahan dianalisis berdasarkan teori Newmark dan alasan mengapa penerjemah menggunakan tipe bahasa kiasan yang paling dominan dan metode terjemahan yang paling dominan di dalam novel dianalisis berdasarkan teori Newmark.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada tujuh tipe bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan didalam novel yaitu simile, metaphor, personification, overstatement, understatement, irony of situation, and symbol. Dimana, peneliti menemukan 86 data untuk overstatement, 37 data untuk personification, 2 data untuk simile, 21 data untuk understatement, 19 data untuk metaphor, 16 data untuk irony of situation dan 4 data untuk symbol..Metode terjemahan didalam novel adalah Literal Translation yang mempunyai 158 data dan Communicative Translation yang mempunyai 46 data. Dan alasan penerjemah menggunakan metode terjemahan literal sebagai metode terjemahan yang dominan didalam novel karena secara umum, metode terjemahan Literal diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan kepentingan kesetaraan pada kata atau ungkapan didalam bahasa target atau didalam ungkapan yang mempunyai makna atau arti pada kata yang sama atau ungkapan didalam bahasa sumber dan karena menurut teori dari Newmark, Metode terjemahan literal diterjemahkan bisa dengan kata perkata ,frasa per frasa, klausa per klausa ataupun kalimat per kalimat. Penerjemah mengubah arti dari susunan kata untuk membuat sebuah pemahaman kepada pembaca, pembaca bisa memahami terjemahan didalam novel.Pada kesimpulannya, penerjemah harus mempunyai metode dalam mengatasi ketidaksetaraan dalam proses penerjemahan kedalam target bahasa,agar pesan dari terjemahan dapat disampaikan dengan baik.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the name of Almighty ALLAH, the most Gracious and the
most Merciful, first of all, the writer would like to thank God for His Blessing in the
completion of this thesis. Praises are also addressed to our prophet Muhammad SAW
who has guided us to the better life of today.
In the completion of this thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge her deepest
gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to her by a
lot of people.
The highest appreciation goes to her two advisors, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning,
M.Pd as her first advisor and Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni,M.S as her second advisor
for their all guidance through the completion of this thesis from the beginning up to
the end of the writing. Without their help this thesis will never come true.
Then, her appreciation also goes to. Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the Head
of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Prof. Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan,
M.S. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who have
assisted his in processing the administration requirements during the process of high
studies in the Postgraduate School of the State University of Medan.
The writer’s great thanks also goes to his reviewers and examiners, Prof. Dr.
Anni Holila Pulungan, M.S, Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum and Dr.Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.S.
They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and improvements for this
thesis. She also would like to express her thankfulness for all lecturers teaching her
iv
In this very special moment, she would like to express her deepest thanks to
her beloved parents, Drs. Ely Ezir Marpaung, M.S and Rehulina,Br.Karo for their
love, encouragement and supports both financially and mentally that made her
possible to finish her study. Her thanks are also addressed to her oldest sister, Nova
Fitria Marpaung, S.E, her brother in law Deddy Kurniawan, S.T, and her young sister
Vivi Eliza Rahmadani Marpaung for their supports, encouragement and also endless
praying. And also special thank for her beloved husband, Fadli S. Kembaren, who
always supports her both financially and mentally, motivation, and also endless
praying. No suitable word that can fully describe their everlasting love and express
how much she loves them.
Finally, last but not least, her gratitude goes to her friends of English Applied
Linguistics Program Postgraduate School, State University of Medan who have
supported her to conduct this thesis, especially for her classmate LTBI A-2 for their
friendship and cooperation.
Medan, June 2016 The writer,
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 TheBackground of the Study
Recently the translation has developed quickly. It can be proved thatthe
activity of translating the text usually uses the manual system. It means thatthe
translation work uses dictionary. The growth of the technology, brings a
greatchange to the translation system. Such as the finding of electric dictionary,
forexample, that is usually used by putting the button of the tool, automatically
theinformation needed will appear immediately. In this case, it is easier, to do
thetranslation work.
In doing the translation, a translator must have a skill on
translation,because in making a good translation, a professional translator has to
beconcerned with transferring the meaning or the message of the SL into
TL.Therefore he/she must understand the subject matter of the text in the SL and
theknowledge of the equivalent terminology in the TL.Furthermore, every society
has a certain language that is different fromother, as stated by Samsuri (1992:10)
that “Every language has its own rule insound and its rules, a word and its form, a
sentence and its structure”. Thisstatement means that language has several
varieties, like variety of social situationor it can be said that language is different
for every context.Language used bypeople, some of them use figurative language
2
Human beings are social creaturest, means that they cannot be separated from
human life. In our environment the people can express their idea, feeling,
suggestion, agreement, disagreement, happines, sadness with do communicate
with the people around them. Learning a foreign language is different from
learning one‟s mother tongue. A foreign language learner will meet many of
difficulties in learning target language. It is not easy for the beginner because they
tend to learn a target language in the same ways as what they have learned in their
native language.
English gives many advantages that it helps Indonesian people to keep up
with the development of the world, especially in broadening their knowledge, not
only in scientific and technological fields but also in art, literature, and
entertainment. In Indonesia, many books that are written in English are sold. They
are not only reference books but also n ovel. Novel is a form of literature thathas a
theme, setting, point of view,plot, character, andstyle in which there are cultural
values, morals, and education. A novel is a long essay pose, which contains a
series of stories of one‟s life with those around him by accentuating the character
and nature of the off ender. Literary works can not be separated by the
process of translating, because the novelis outside the country and sold in
Indonesia will be translated into Indonesian. For suitability meaning of the source
language (SL)and the target language (TL) sometimes forces the language so that
3
Translation is a target text written as a result of the translator‟s
comprehension of source text. However, as Nida states that since no two
languages are identical, either in the meanings given to corresponding symbols or
in the ways in which such symbols are arranged in phrases and sentences, it stands
to reason that there can be no absolute correspondence between languages (in
Venuti, 2000). Besides, Barnwell (1983) also states that a good translation should
be accurate, clear and natural so it does not sound foreign. In translating the novel
is not easy task. Translation as a result should look nice and coherent for reading.
Therefore, to get a good translation, translator should master in both source and
target language. There are competencies should be possessed by translator, they
are language competence, textual competence, subject competence, cultural
competence, and transfer competence.
Translating is very important to get the information and new discovery.
Without translating, the scientist might be missed it. They cannot follow the
development of science, in addition if they disable to read in foreign language.
Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by
equivalence textual material in another language (TL) see (Catford, 1969:20)
in(Sutopo and Candraningrum, 2001:1). Nida and Taber in their book The Theory
and Practice ofTranslation in Widyamartaya (1989:11) states that “translating
consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of
the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of
4
In the process of translation , the translator must be careful in examining
the source language. He or she has to consider many things whwn he or she wants
to start transferring it into the target language . He or she must realize that it is
different thing between the source culture and target culture. If he or she has to
translate a word or sentence, which contains the cultural aspect of a country, he or
she has to find its equivalence in the target language that is suitable and has the
same sense in the source language.
It is different in translating literary texts and non-literary texts. Since
literacy texts are concerned with the world of the imagination and are centered in
human beings, sometimes reflected in their physical characteristics and theirs
natural and climatic backgrounds, whilst non – literacy texts describe the facts of
reality, modified by human intelligence. The translator cannot take literacy
language at its „face‟ singular denotative value, and has to bear second often
multiple connotative meaning in mind.
Larson, For example, dividing the translation into translation based on
meaning ( meaning-based translation) and translation is based on forms (
form-based translation ). A literal translation which is form-based on or put the form
according to Larson and a free can at equivalence with a translation based on
meaning.
While Nida and Taber devides translation into a literal and dynamic
translation. The literal translation does not reveal the meaning of the source
language in the target language. Transferred into the target language is the
5
Dynamic translation was intended to produce a dynamic equivalent ( dynamic
equivalence ) in the target language. Basically a dynamic equivalent translation
refers to the nature of that transfer messages contained in the original text so that
the response of people who read or hear the original text.
In translating English novels, such as reduction changes, addition and
modification from the intrinsic element of the novel is often unavoidable. As a
novel source language into target language dubbed, not all words can be changed
just like that. To discover what changes are made from English novels, we can do
a comparison ( analysis ) from the English versions of the Indonesian language.
Figurative meaning is langauges used with a meaning that is different from
the basic meaning and that it expresses an idea in an interesting way by using
language that usually describe something else or something impossible in order to
achieve special effect or meaning. People required knowledge of language in
order to interpret the figurative meaning and to differentiate from the literal
meaning. Language can be used to stretch people‟s imagination, to make the
impossible sound possible. And to bring abstract ideas to life. People prefer using
language figuratively in order to make their language more beautiful, interesting
and stylish. It can help making the listeners or the readers feel the language deeply
and are touched by it.
In study by Putu Ayu (2012) is attempted to find out the types figurative
language in the song lyric‟s by adele and analyze the contextual meaning of the
figurative language used in the song lyrics. The finding of Putu Ayu‟s study is
6
Adele, they are personification, metaphor, synecdoche, hyperbole, allusion,
paradox, symbols and dead metaphor. It proved that the song writer use the
figurative language in order to make her creation in this case the songs look alive
so the listener can feel the condition that the song writer tried to show in that
song. The use of the contextual meaning in this study also opens up all the
meanings and the purposes from four song lyrics by adele. But unfortunately this
study did not describe the process of translation and describe types of figurative
language itself.
In Indonesia, people are easy to find many English novels from the famous
novelist, like Catching Fire. Catching Fire is best known novelist today for his
existingpopular novels, with his works such as: The Hunger Games Book 1 and
The Hunger Games Book 2. Almost all his novels have been number-one
international best seller.
Figurative language is used to get what their say more vividly and
forcefully. It cause language become more imaginative and it adds the intensity of
speakerfeeling to convey the attitude.In the novel Catching Fire” By Suzanne
Collinsthe writer analyzed,they also use figurative language. The researcher
compares the figurative expressionfrom SL and its translation in target language.
Figurative language force the readers to attend the connotative rather
thanto the denotative that make their thoughts and feeling are dealing with
theirimaginative and experience of figurative language, translator can be
moreunderstand by looking at the context of situation. In this case every translator
7
language.Knowing that there are differences in language system, a translator of
novel “Tersulut”, make some variations as thefigurative language translation in
“Catching Fire” novel, for example:
1. a. SL: But instead I sit, as motionless as the rock beneath me
b. TL: Tapi aku malahan duduk tak bergerak sama diamnya seperti batu besar
yang kududuki.
2. a. SL: The shoes pinch my toes as I crunch along the cinder street.
b. TL: . Sepatu ini menggigit jari-jari kakiku ketika aku melangkah di jalanan
yang berlapiskerak batubara
In the preliminary data above that there are some variations in
Figurativelanguage translation from English into Indonesian. In point 1 a, the
sentence shows simile in figurative language sentences but instead I sit, as
motionless as the rock beneath me is translated into 1 b, Tapi aku malahan duduk
tak bergerak sama diamnya seperti batu besar yang kududuki. In point 2 a, the
sentence shows metaphor in figurative language phrases the shoes pinch my toes
as I crunch along the cinder streety is translated into point 2b,sepatu ini menggigit
jari-jari kakiku ketika aku melangkah dijalanan yang berlapis kerak batubara.
Based on the phenomenon described above, the researcher wants to
describe ananalysis of translation of English figurative language in one of
Suzanne Collins‟s novel,Catching Fire and presented in the form of thesis
entitled: Translation of English Figurative Language in the novel “Catching
Fire” into Bahasa Indonesia.
8
Based on the background of the study, this study is conducted to answer
the following questions :
1. What types of English Figurative Language are found in Catching Fire novel ?
2. How are the methods applied by the translator in translating English Figurative
Language in Catching Fire novel into Indonesian version?
3.Why did the translator apply the most dominant method in translating Figurative
language in the novel?
1.3 The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this research are as follows.
1. To describe the types of figurative language are found in Catching Fire novel
2. To describe the methods applied in translating English figurative language in
Catching Fire novel into its Indonesian version
3. To know the reason of translator applied the most dominant method in
translating FigurativeLanguage inthe Novel.
1.4 TheScope of the Study
This research focuses on on types of figurative language theory proposed
by Perrine‟s theory and translation methods theory proposed by Peter Newmark
found in “Catching Fire” novel translated into “Tersulut”.
1.5 The Significance of the Study
The Findings of the study are expected to be relevant theoretically and
9
1. Theoretically
The result of this research hopefully can be useful for other researchersto
make further analysis, especially in the case of translation dealing withfigurative
language.
2. Practically
a. Readers
(1). The readers are expected to have the larger knowledge about thetranslation of
the English figurative language.
(2). The readers are able to recognize the types of English figurativelanguage and
it‟s translation used in novel Catching Fire by Suzanne Collins.
(3). The readers gets the appropriateness of the translation of the Englishfigurative
language in novelCatching Fire by Suzanne Collins.
b. Students
The result of this research can be used as an additional knowledge
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
Figurative languages are languages which used to enhance the effect of
what it is being said, and it cannot be taken directly. The purposes of figurative
languages are to express of someone thought, to emphasize personal situation, and
to entertain the readers. The data which is analyzed are the word, phrase, clause,
or sentence in Catching Fire novel.
From the analysis of the figurative language and translation method in
both English and Indonesian version, some conlusion can be drawn as follows:
1. Based on the data analysis that has been found in the research about figurative
languages data categorized into 86 dataof overstatement, 37 data of
personification, 21 data of simile, 21 data of understatement, 19 dataof metaphor,
16 dataof Irony of Situation and 4 dataof Symbol. From the result of this data it is
clear that the dominant figurative language in the novel is overstatement. The
researcher was founded 204 figurative language in Catching Fire novel. So, the
researcher only focused on 7 types of figurative language which were founded in
Catching Firenovel.
2. Based on the theory proposed by Newmark (1988) there are 8 types of
translation method but the researcher only focused on 2 types of translation
method, they are Literal translation method and communicative translation
81
3. The dominant method were applied in Catching Fire novel was literal
translation method. Thereasonoftranslatorappliedit because in general, the literal
translated by is a translated by which prioritizes the equivalent of word or
expression in the TL or in expressions that have a reference or meaning of the
same word or expression in the SL and because according to Newmark, the literal
translated by could be translated by word for word, phrase by phrase, clause by
clause or even sentence by sentence.
5.2 Suggestions
From the data analysis and conlusion above, the researcher would like to
give some sugestions as follows:
1. To teacher
Teacher need to inform students that figurative language is very important
and based on the meaning, Figurative language should be recognized as the
important element because the meaning of figurative language itself is predictable.
2. To language learner
This study can be used by the learners or university students to improve
their ability to translate figurative language in sentence. Then will be able to more
easily understand the intention of writing a literary work
3. To other researcher
To explore a more detailed analysis of translating figurative language in
complex clause. This will be able to help the strength and the significance of this
kind of translation which is to provide a critical tool for the analysis of translating
