THE EFFECT OF USING DEDUCTIVE APPROACH TO THE
STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION
A THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
DAHLIANA
Registration Number 2103321008
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The writer would like to acknowledge her countless thanks to the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful, Allah SWT who always gives her the best of this life that indeed there is no doubt about it and the blessings to the researcher so that she can accomplish this thesis from the first page to the last page.
The writer would like to take her opportunity to express her deep and sincere gratitude to the following:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu HajarDamanik, M.Si, as Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, as the Dean of Languages and Arts
Faculty.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, as the Head of English Department
and also her examiners.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A, as the Secretary of English Department.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed, as the Head of English Education
Study Program.
Drs. Johan Sinulingga, M.Pd., her Thesis Consultant.
Dra. Sortha silitonga, M.Pd, as her Academic Advisor.
All Lecturers who have taught her in this English Department, for
giving knowledge, advices and amazing study experiences.
Ibrahim Arbi, S. Ag, S,Pd.I,as the Principal of SMP Cerdas Murni
Medan and the English Teacher for giving permission and helping the writer to conduct this research.
Alm. H. Baharuddin Siregar and Hj. Yusniar Rambe, her beloved
parents, who always give her everlasting love, affection, prays and hardworks.
M. Chairullah, Fatimah Pane, Patimah, Autad Ritonga, Rika Darmayanti, Abdul Agus, Chairani, her beloved brothers and sisters
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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RIVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 5
A. Theoretical Framework ... 5
c. Grammatical Features of Narrative Text ... 13
4. Teaching Method ... 14
5. Deductive Approach ... 15
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b. The Advantages and Disadvantages
Deductive Approach ... 19
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH ... 23
A. Research Design... 23
B. Population and Sample ... 23
C. The Instruments of Collecting Data ... 24
D. The Procedure of Research ... 25
E. Scoring of the Test ... 29
F. The Validity and Reliability of The Test ... 29
G. Technique for Analyzing Data ... 31
H. Statistical Hypothesis ... 32
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION... 33
A. The Data ... 33
B. Data Analysis ... 34
C. Testing Hypothesis... 36
D. Research Finding ... 37
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 39
A. Conclusions ... 39
B. Suggestions ... 39
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Research Design ... 23
Table 3.2Treatment for Experimental Group ... 26
Table 3.3 Control Group ... 27
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDICES Pages
A. The Scores of Pre Test and Post Test of Experimental Group ... 43
B. The Scores of Pre Test and Post Test of Control Group ... 44
C. The Scores of Reliability of the Test ... 45
D. The Calculation of T-Test ... 47
E. T-Table Distribution ... 50
F. Reading Test ... 51
G. Lesson Plans Experimental Group ... 59
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
In line with the development of science and technology more rapidly, especially in printing technology, the more information stored in the book. At all levels of education, ability to read a scale of priorities that must be controlled by students. By reading the student will receive a variety of information that previously has not been obtained. The more reading the more information obtained. Therefore, reading is a window of the world, anyone who opens the window can see and know everything that happened. Both events happened in the past, present, and even the future.
Many of the benefits gained from reading. Therefore, fitting the student to do so on the basis of need, not because of coercion. If students are reading on the basis of need, then he will get all the information he wants. But on the other hand, if the students read on the basis of coercion, then the information he obtained would not be maximal. Harris (1980: 22)
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reader acts as a recipient of the messages in a communication correlation between writer and reader that is direct. Nunan (1991: 14)
For students, reading is not only a role in the subjects learned. But read also play a role in knowing the various kinds of advances in science and technology continue to grow. Through reading, advancement of science and technology can be known and understood before it can be applied. Reading is one of the four basic language skills, and is a part or component of communication. Harmer (1992: 36)
Many students felt difficult in reading. They were not fluently in reading. They also had limited vocabularies to understand the reading well. The deductive approach is a solution to solve the problem because this method gives the right ways to make students understand how to read well. In this method, the students are given relevant information by teachers so they understand what the topic found in the reading.
Language skills correlated with thought processes that underlie language. so that there is a phrase, “language reflects one’s mind”. The more skilled a
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This course requires persistence and continuous training to train the habit of reading for reading skills, especially reading comprehension can be achieved. The ability to read is the speed of reading and understanding all the contents.
Complaints about the low reading habits and reading skills at the level of Junior High School (SMP), no negligence can be regarded as a teacher at the school. But this must be returned back to the habituation to read when the students are young yet. The role of the parents are more dominant in shaping the reading habits of children. How could a child have a high reading habits while their parents were never given an example and lead their children to get used to reading. Because a child will be more interested and motivated to do something if and provides examples, not just a theory or tells it. When the child enters school age, then the teacher has a role in developing interest in reading which then can improve students’ reading habits. Thus, parents and teachers share a very
important role in shaping and improving reading habits of children.
B.The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the research problem is formulated as follows: “Is there any significant effect of using deductive approach on
students’ reading achievement in reading comprehension”?
C.The Objective of the Study
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D.The Scope of the Study
There are many genres of reading learn in the SMP (Junior High School) such as recount, narrative, procedure, descriptive, spoof, report, hortatory exposition and analytical exposition, news item, anecdote, explanation, discussion and review. Specifically, this study will be focused on narrative text by applying deductive approach.
E. Significance of the Study
This research findings are expected to be useful for:
1. To give input to teachers to apply deductive approach as a solution to solve the problems found in reading comprehension.
2. The teachers to improve their ability in teaching reading by paying more attention to the strategy of teaching reading.
3. The students help them in comprehending the text easily and to help students sharing ideas or opinion related to the text.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion
Based on the result of the data analysis and discussion, the researcher concludes that using Deductive Approach significantly affects the students’ achievement in reading narrative, since students’ achievement in reading
narrative text who taught by using Deductive Approach is higher than taught by using Discussion. Therefore, the formulated hypothesis as “The students’ achievement taught by using Deductive Approach in reading narrative text is higher than those taught by Discussion ” is accepted. This supported by the data analysis results in which the t-observed (3.27) is higher than the t-table (2.00) at the significant level of (0.05).
B. Suggestions
Based on the conclusion above, the researcher gives some suggestions for those who are interested in teaching reading as follows:
1. English teachers are suggested to use Deductive Approach as a technique in their teaching learning process in order to improve their students’ achievement in reading narrative text.
2. Students are advised to have more practices in reading, since practice makes perfect and applying this kind of technique in reading.
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understanding about how to improve students’ achievement in reading
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