Mempelajari Pengaruh Konsentrasi NaOh dan Waktu pada Perlakuan Alkali Terhadap Mutu Agar - Agar dari Rumput Laut Gracilaria Verrucosa

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A m n i d a r . F 2 1 . 0 5 4 1 . M e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH

d a n w a k t u p a d a p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p m u t u a g a r - a g a r d a r i r u m p u t l a u t Grac:.z..!;,r.i.a i . e r r - ; . ; c o s a . D i b a w a h b i m b i n g a n

I r . I l l a h S a i l a h , MS. d a n D r . I r . A b d u l A z i z D a r w i s , MSc.

RINGKASAN

T u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e n e n t u k a n k o n d i s i p e m u c a t a n r u m p u t l a u t t e r b a i k d a n m e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h p e r -

l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p r e n d e m e n d a n b e b e r a p a p a r a m e t e r m u t u a g a r - a g a r . P e n e l i t i a n d i i a k u k a n d a l a m d u a t a h a p y a i t u p e n e - l i t i a n p e n d a h u l u a n d a n p e n e l i t i a n u t a m a . P e n e l i t i a n p e n d a - h u l u a n b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n e n t u k a n k o m p o s i s i k i m i a b a h a n b a k u d a n m e n e n t u k a n c a r a p e m u c a t a n t e r b a i k . P a d a p e n e l i t i a n u t a m a d i p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H ( 1 . 5 , 2 . 5 , 3 . 5 p e r s e n ) d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i (1, 2 , 3 j a m ) t e r h a d a p r e n d e m e n , k a d a r a b u , k a d a r g a l a k t o s a , w a r n a , l o g a m b e r b a h a y a d a n k a r a k t e r i s t i k g e l a g a r - a g a r . R a n c a n g a n p e r c o b a a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n p a d a p e n e l i t i a n u t a m a a d a l a h r a n c a n g a n a c a k l e n g - k a p F a k t o r i a l 3 x 3 x 2 d e n g a n m o d e l t e t a p .

Dari h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n p e n d a h u l u a n p e m u c a t a n t e r b s l k d i p e r o l e h p a d a k o n d i s i k o n s e n t r a s i C a O C I Z 1 p e r s e n , w a k t u 2 jam d a n d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p r u m p u t l a u t b a s a h . A n a l i s a s i d i k

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t i t i k l s l e n . Rendemen t e r t i n g g i y a i t u 1 7 . 3 2 p e r s e n , d i p e r o - l e h p a d a k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H 1 . 5 p e r s e n d a n p e r l a k u a n 1 jam. T i t i k p e m b e n t u k a n g e l , t i t i k l e l e h d a n k e k e r a s a n g e l t e r - t i n g g i d i p e r o l e h p a d a p e r l a k u a n k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H 3 . 5 p e r s e n d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n 3 j a m d e n g a n n i l a i m a s i n g - m a s i n g

2

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DAFTAR I S 1

Kata P e n g a n t a r

. . .

v

. . .

D a f t a r T a b e l vii D a f t a r G a m b a r

. . .

v i i i

. . .

D a f t a r L a m p i r a n ix I

.

PENDAHULUAN

. . .

1

I1

.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

. . .

3

A

.

RUMPUT LAUT .

.

. . .

3

B . AGAR-AGAR

. . .

7

C

.

PEMBUATAN AGAR-AGAR

. . .

17

D

.

KEGUNAAN AGAR-AGAR

. . .

2 3

. . .

.

E STANDAR MUTU AGAR-AGAR 2 5 I11

.

METODE PENELITIAN

. . .

A

.

BAHAN DAN ALAT

. . .

B

.

METODE

. . .

_x

. . .

C

.

RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN

I V . HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

. . .

A

.

PENELITIAN PENDAHULUAN

B

.

PENELITIAN UTAMA

.

V

_._RESikiPULAN _DAN _SARAN

. . .

A . KESIMPULAN 5 7

B . SARAN

. . .

5 8

. . .

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 5 9

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DAFTAR TABEL

T a b e l 1 . K o m p o s i s i G r a c ~ i a r r a

. . .

7 T a b e l 2 . T i n g k a t k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH, w a k t u p e r l a k u a n d a n

k e k u a t a n g e l y a n g d i h a s i l k a n d a r i b e b e r a p a

s p e s i e s hr-sclla - : E

. . .

18

. . .

T a b e l 3 . S t a n d a r m u t u agar-agar 27

T a b e l 4 . S t a n d a r m u t u s a l a h s a t u j e n i s agar-agar

e k s p o r J e p a n g

. . .

28

.

T a b e l 5 . H a s i l a n a l i s a p r o k s i m a t Grac:iiir;a vrrr~i~i;fa 3 5 T a b e l 6 . H A s i l p e r n u c a t a n Zri: ie;-:i-;a vet-riiras;, d e n g a n

d e n g a n b a h a n p e m u c a t CaOC12 d a n b e r b a g a i

. . .

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DAFTAR GAMBAK

[image:6.514.49.482.138.705.2]

G a m b a r 1 .

Gambar 2 . Gambar 3 . G a m b a r 4 .

Gambar 5 . Gambar 6 . Gambar 7 . Gambar 8 .

Gambar 9 . Gambar 1 0

Gambar 11.

Gambar 1 2

Gambar 1 3

Gambar 1 4

Gambar 1 5

Gambar 1 6

S p e s i e s g a n g g a n g m e r a h y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n

a g a r - a g a r

. . .

S t r u k t u r k i m i a k l o r o f i l

I k a t a n 43-1,3 d a n a - 1 , 4 p a d a u n i t monomer

a g a r o s a

. . .

A g a r o b i o s a d a n n e o a g a r o b i o s a

S t r u k t u r a g a r - a g a r

. . .

M e k a n i s m e p e m b e n t u k a n g e l

P e r u b a h a n r a n t a i p o l i m e r g a l a k t a n a k i b a t p e n g g a n t i a n 3 , 6 - a n h i d r o - L - g a l a k t o s a d e n g a n L - g a l a k t o s a - 6 - s u l f a t

. . .

Diagram a l i r e k s t r a k s i a g a r - a g a r

H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p r e n d e m e n H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k u a t a n

g e l

. . .

H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k e r a s a n

g e l

. . .

H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k o h e s i v i t a s

g e l

. . .

H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p t e m p e r a t u r p e m b e n t u k a n g e l

. . .

H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH d a n

w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p t e m p e r a t u r

l e l e h

. . .

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DAFTAR LAMP1 RAN

L a m p i r a n 1 L a m p i r a n 2

L a m p i r a n 3

L a m p i r a n 4 . L a m p i r a n 5 . L a m p i r a n 6 . L a m p i r a n 7 . L a m p i r a n 8 .

L a m p i r a n 9 .

L a m p i r a n 1 0

L a m p i r a n 11 L a m p i r a n 1 2

L a m p i r a n 1 3

L a m p i r a n 1 4

L a m p i r a n 1 6 .

Diagram p r o s e s e k s t r a k s i agar-agar

. . .

64

Diagram p r o s e s e k s t r a k s i a g a r - a g a r d e n g a n m e t o d a p e n e k a n a n

. . . .

.

. 6 5

Diagram p r o s e s e k s t r a k s i agar-agar d e n g a n m e t o d a p e m b e k u a n

.

. . . .

6 6 Diagram p r o s e s e k s t r a k s i agar-agar .

. .

6 7 Diagram p r o s e s e k s t r a k s i agar-agar

. . .

6 8 B a h a n k i m i a y a n g d i g u n a k a n

. . .

.

. . .

69 P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a p r o k s i m a t b a h a n b a k u

. .

7 0

P r o s e d u r a n a i i s a p r o k s i m a t b a h a n b a k u

( l a n j u t a n )

. . . .

.

. . . . .

. 7 1 P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a p r o k s i m a t b a h a n b a k u

( l a n j u t a n ) .

. . . .

.

. . . .

7 2 P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a p r o k s i m a t b a h a n b a k u

( l a n j u t a n )

. . . .

.

7 3

P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a t e p u n g a g a r - a g a r . . . 7 4 P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a t e p u n g agar-agar

( l a n j u t a n )

. . . .

.

. . . .

.

. . .

7 5

P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a t e p u n g agar-agar

( l a n j u t a n )

. . . .

7 6 P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a t e p u n g agar-agar

( l a n j u t a n )

. . . .

.

( l a n j u t a n ) .

. . . .

R e k a p i t u l a s i d a t a h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n a g a r -

agar

. . .

7 9

L a m p i r a n 1 7 . R e k a p i t u l a s i d a t a h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n a g a r -

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L a m p i r a n 1 8 b . U j i B e d a N y a t a T e r k e c i l (BNT) p e n g a r u h

k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H t e r h a d a p r e n d e m e n

.

81 L a m p i r a n 1 9 a

L a m p i r a n 1 9 b . L a m p i r a n 2 0 a . L a m p i r a n 2 0 b . L a m p i r a n 2 1 a .

L a m p i r a n 2 1 b .

L a m p i r a n 2 2 .

L a m p i r a n 2 3 a . L a m p i r a n 2 3 b .

L a m p i r a n 2 4 .

L a m p i r a n 2 5 .

L a m p i r a n 2 7 .

L a m p i r a n 2 8

L a m p i r a n 2 9 a L a m p i r a n 2 9 b

U j i B e d a N y a t a T e r k e e i l (BNT) p e n g a r u h w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p r e n d e m e n A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam k a d a r a b u

A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam k a d a r g a l a k t o s a

. . . .

A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam k e k u a t a n g e l

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH t e r h a d a p k e k u a t a n g e l

. . .

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h w a k t u p e r l a k u a n

a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k u a t a n g e l

. . .

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h i n t e r a k s i k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d e n g a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k u a t a n g e l

. . .

A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam k e k e r a s a n g e l

. . . .

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH t e r h a d a p k e k e r a s a n g e l

. . .

a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k e r a s a n g e l

. . .

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h i n t e r a k s i

k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d e n g a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k e r a s a n g e l

. . .

A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam k o h e s i v i t a s g e l

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H

. . .

t e r h a d a p k o h e s i v i t a s g e l

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k o h e s i v i t a a g e l

. . .

k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d e n g a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k o h e s i v i t a s g e l

. . . .

A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam " g e l l i n g p o i n t

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH

. . .

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L a m p i r a n 3 0 a . U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h w a k t u p e r l a k u a n

a i k a i i t e r h a d a p " g e l l i n g p o i n t "

. .

.

93 L a m p i r a n 3 0 b . A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam " m e l t i n g p o i n t "

. . .

93

L a m p i r a n 31a. U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H

t e r h a d a p " m e l t i n g p o i n t "

.

. . . .

94 L a m p i r a n 3 1 b . U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h w a k t u p e r l a k u a n

a l k a l i t e r h a d a p " m e l t i n g p o i n t "

.

. .

.

94 L a m p i r a n 3 2 . _{U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h i n t e r a k s i}

k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d e n g a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n

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I n d o n e s i a mempunyai p o t e n s i y a n g c u k u p b e s a r s e b a g a i p e n g h a s i l r u m p u t l a u t . Rumput l a u t t e r s e b u t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k n e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n d a l a m n e g e r i s e b a g a i b a h a n b a k u a g a r - a g a r d a n s e b a g i a n b e s a r l a i n n y a d i e k s p o r . M e n u r u t c a t a t a n BPS ( 1 9 8 4 - 1 9 8 8 ) , v o l u m e r a t a - r a t a e k s p o r t a h u n 1 9 8 3 - 1 9 8 6 y a i t u 4 7 5 4 9 3 0 k g s e t a r a d e n g a n n i l a i r a t a - r a t a US $ 1 1 4 3 1 4 4 . P a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 7 v o l u m e e k s p o r m e n i n g k a t k a n m e n j a d i 9 881 9 8 8 kg d e n g a n n i l a i US $ 2 6 9 8 2 2 8 . J e n i s r u m p u t l a u t y a n g d i e k s p o r b e r a s a l d a r i k e l a s R h o d o p h y c e a e , y a i t u j e n i s

E u c h e m a _{s e b a g a i p e n g h a s i l} _{k a r a g e n a n} _{d a n} G e i m i u m s e r t a

S r a c l i a r l a s e b a g a i p e n g h a s i l a g a r - a g a r .

A g a r - a g a r mempunyai b a n y a k k e g u n a a n , s e p e r t i d a l a m p r o - d u k m a k a n a n , i n d u s t r i f a r m a s i , k e r t a s , t e k s t i l , l o g a m d a n p e n g g u n a a n d i l a b o r a t o r i u m . A g a r - a g a r t e r s e b u t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i p e n s t a b i l , p e n g e m u l s i , b a h a n p e m b e n t u k g e l , b a h a n p e n j e r n i h , m e d i a k u l t u r m i k r o b a , m e d i a k u l t u r j a r i n g a n d a n

s e b a g a i n y a (Chapman d a n Chapman, 1 9 8 0 ; G l i k s m a n , 1 9 8 3 ) . D i I n d o n e s i a k e b u t u h a n a g a r - a g a r s e b a g i a n b e s a r d i p e n u - h i t e r u t a m a d a r i i m p o r n e g a r a Z e p a n g , T a i w a n d a n H o n g k o n g . A g a r - a g a r y a n g d i h a s i l k a n d i d a l a m n e g e r i d i t u j u k a n u n t u k b a h a n m a k a n a n y a n g b e r u p a a g a r - a g a r b a t a n g , k e r t a s d a n t e - p u n g . Volume r a t a - r a t a i m p o r a g a r - a g a r t a h u n 1 9 8 3 - 1 9 8 7 y a i -

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A m n i d a r . F 2 1 . 0 5 4 1 . M e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH

d a n w a k t u p a d a p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p m u t u a g a r - a g a r d a r i r u m p u t l a u t Grac:.z..!;,r.i.a i . e r r - ; . ; c o s a . D i b a w a h b i m b i n g a n

I r . I l l a h S a i l a h , MS. d a n D r . I r . A b d u l A z i z D a r w i s , MSc.

RINGKASAN

T u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e n e n t u k a n k o n d i s i p e m u c a t a n r u m p u t l a u t t e r b a i k d a n m e m p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h p e r -

l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p r e n d e m e n d a n b e b e r a p a p a r a m e t e r m u t u a g a r - a g a r . P e n e l i t i a n d i i a k u k a n d a l a m d u a t a h a p y a i t u p e n e - l i t i a n p e n d a h u l u a n d a n p e n e l i t i a n u t a m a . P e n e l i t i a n p e n d a - h u l u a n b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n e n t u k a n k o m p o s i s i k i m i a b a h a n b a k u d a n m e n e n t u k a n c a r a p e m u c a t a n t e r b a i k . P a d a p e n e l i t i a n u t a m a d i p e l a j a r i p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H ( 1 . 5 , 2 . 5 , 3 . 5 p e r s e n ) d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i (1, 2 , 3 j a m ) t e r h a d a p r e n d e m e n , k a d a r a b u , k a d a r g a l a k t o s a , w a r n a , l o g a m b e r b a h a y a d a n k a r a k t e r i s t i k g e l a g a r - a g a r . R a n c a n g a n p e r c o b a a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n p a d a p e n e l i t i a n u t a m a a d a l a h r a n c a n g a n a c a k l e n g - k a p F a k t o r i a l 3 x 3 x 2 d e n g a n m o d e l t e t a p .

Dari h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n p e n d a h u l u a n p e m u c a t a n t e r b s l k d i p e r o l e h p a d a k o n d i s i k o n s e n t r a s i C a O C I Z 1 p e r s e n , w a k t u 2 jam d a n d i l a k u k a n t e r h a d a p r u m p u t l a u t b a s a h . A n a l i s a s i d i k

(107)

t i t i k l s l e n . Rendemen t e r t i n g g i y a i t u 1 7 . 3 2 p e r s e n , d i p e r o - l e h p a d a k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H 1 . 5 p e r s e n d a n p e r l a k u a n 1 jam. T i t i k p e m b e n t u k a n g e l , t i t i k l e l e h d a n k e k e r a s a n g e l t e r - t i n g g i d i p e r o l e h p a d a p e r l a k u a n k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H 3 . 5 p e r s e n d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n 3 j a m d e n g a n n i l a i m a s i n g - m a s i n g

2

(108)

DAFTAR I S 1

Kata P e n g a n t a r

. . .

v

. . .

D a f t a r T a b e l vii D a f t a r G a m b a r

. . .

v i i i

. . .

D a f t a r L a m p i r a n ix I

.

PENDAHULUAN

. . .

1

I1

.

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

. . .

3

A

.

RUMPUT LAUT .

.

. . .

3

B . AGAR-AGAR

. . .

7

C

.

PEMBUATAN AGAR-AGAR

. . .

17

D

.

KEGUNAAN AGAR-AGAR

. . .

2 3

. . .

.

E STANDAR MUTU AGAR-AGAR 2 5 I11

.

METODE PENELITIAN

. . .

A

.

BAHAN DAN ALAT

. . .

B

.

METODE

. . .

_x

. . .

C

.

RANCANGAN PERCOBAAN

I V . HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

. . .

A

.

PENELITIAN PENDAHULUAN

B

.

PENELITIAN UTAMA

.

V

_._RESikiPULAN _DAN _SARAN

. . .

A . KESIMPULAN 5 7

B . SARAN

. . .

5 8

. . .

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 5 9

(109)

DAFTAR TABEL

T a b e l 1 . K o m p o s i s i G r a c ~ i a r r a

. . .

7 T a b e l 2 . T i n g k a t k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH, w a k t u p e r l a k u a n d a n

k e k u a t a n g e l y a n g d i h a s i l k a n d a r i b e b e r a p a

s p e s i e s hr-sclla - : E

. . .

18

. . .

T a b e l 3 . S t a n d a r m u t u agar-agar 27

T a b e l 4 . S t a n d a r m u t u s a l a h s a t u j e n i s agar-agar

e k s p o r J e p a n g

. . .

28

.

T a b e l 5 . H a s i l a n a l i s a p r o k s i m a t Grac:iiir;a vrrr~i~i;fa 3 5 T a b e l 6 . H A s i l p e r n u c a t a n Zri: ie;-:i-;a vet-riiras;, d e n g a n

d e n g a n b a h a n p e m u c a t CaOC12 d a n b e r b a g a i

. . .

(110)

DAFTAR GAMBAK

[image:110.514.49.482.138.705.2]

G a m b a r 1 .

Gambar 2 . Gambar 3 . G a m b a r 4 .

Gambar 5 . Gambar 6 . Gambar 7 . Gambar 8 .

Gambar 9 . Gambar 1 0

Gambar 11.

Gambar 1 2

Gambar 1 3

Gambar 1 4

Gambar 1 5

Gambar 1 6

S p e s i e s g a n g g a n g m e r a h y a n g m e n g h a s i l k a n

a g a r - a g a r

. . .

S t r u k t u r k i m i a k l o r o f i l

I k a t a n 43-1,3 d a n a - 1 , 4 p a d a u n i t monomer

a g a r o s a

. . .

A g a r o b i o s a d a n n e o a g a r o b i o s a

S t r u k t u r a g a r - a g a r

. . .

M e k a n i s m e p e m b e n t u k a n g e l

P e r u b a h a n r a n t a i p o l i m e r g a l a k t a n a k i b a t p e n g g a n t i a n 3 , 6 - a n h i d r o - L - g a l a k t o s a d e n g a n L - g a l a k t o s a - 6 - s u l f a t

. . .

Diagram a l i r e k s t r a k s i a g a r - a g a r

H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p r e n d e m e n H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k u a t a n

g e l

. . .

H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k e r a s a n

g e l

. . .

H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k o h e s i v i t a s

g e l

. . .

H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH d a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p t e m p e r a t u r p e m b e n t u k a n g e l

. . .

H i s t o g r a m p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH d a n

w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p t e m p e r a t u r

l e l e h

. . .

(111)

DAFTAR LAMP1 RAN

L a m p i r a n 1 L a m p i r a n 2

L a m p i r a n 3

L a m p i r a n 4 . L a m p i r a n 5 . L a m p i r a n 6 . L a m p i r a n 7 . L a m p i r a n 8 .

L a m p i r a n 9 .

L a m p i r a n 1 0

L a m p i r a n 11 L a m p i r a n 1 2

L a m p i r a n 1 3

L a m p i r a n 1 4

L a m p i r a n 1 6 .

Diagram p r o s e s e k s t r a k s i agar-agar

. . .

64

Diagram p r o s e s e k s t r a k s i a g a r - a g a r d e n g a n m e t o d a p e n e k a n a n

. . . .

.

. 6 5

Diagram p r o s e s e k s t r a k s i agar-agar d e n g a n m e t o d a p e m b e k u a n

.

. . . .

6 6 Diagram p r o s e s e k s t r a k s i agar-agar .

. .

6 7 Diagram p r o s e s e k s t r a k s i agar-agar

. . .

6 8 B a h a n k i m i a y a n g d i g u n a k a n

. . .

.

. . .

69 P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a p r o k s i m a t b a h a n b a k u

. .

7 0

P r o s e d u r a n a i i s a p r o k s i m a t b a h a n b a k u

( l a n j u t a n )

. . . .

.

. . . . .

. 7 1 P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a p r o k s i m a t b a h a n b a k u

( l a n j u t a n ) .

. . . .

.

. . . .

7 2 P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a p r o k s i m a t b a h a n b a k u

( l a n j u t a n )

. . . .

.

7 3

P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a t e p u n g a g a r - a g a r . . . 7 4 P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a t e p u n g agar-agar

( l a n j u t a n )

. . . .

.

. . . .

.

. . .

7 5

P r o s e d u r a n a l i s a t e p u n g agar-agar

( l a n j u t a n )

. . . .

( l a n j u t a n )

. . . .

.

( l a n j u t a n ) .

. . . .

R e k a p i t u l a s i d a t a h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n a g a r -

agar

. . .

7 9

L a m p i r a n 1 7 . R e k a p i t u l a s i d a t a h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n a g a r -

(112)

L a m p i r a n 1 8 b . U j i B e d a N y a t a T e r k e c i l (BNT) p e n g a r u h

k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H t e r h a d a p r e n d e m e n

.

81 L a m p i r a n 1 9 a

L a m p i r a n 1 9 b . L a m p i r a n 2 0 a . L a m p i r a n 2 0 b . L a m p i r a n 2 1 a .

L a m p i r a n 2 1 b .

L a m p i r a n 2 2 .

L a m p i r a n 2 4 .

L a m p i r a n 2 5 .

L a m p i r a n 2 7 .

L a m p i r a n 2 8

L a m p i r a n 2 9 a L a m p i r a n 2 9 b

U j i B e d a N y a t a T e r k e e i l (BNT) p e n g a r u h w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p r e n d e m e n A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam k a d a r a b u

A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam k a d a r g a l a k t o s a

. . . .

A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam k e k u a t a n g e l

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH t e r h a d a p k e k u a t a n g e l

. . .

a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k u a t a n g e l

. . .

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h i n t e r a k s i k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d e n g a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k u a t a n g e l

. . .

A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam k e k e r a s a n g e l

. . . .

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH t e r h a d a p k e k e r a s a n g e l

. . .

a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k e r a s a n g e l

. . .

k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d e n g a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k e k e r a s a n g e l

. . .

A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam k o h e s i v i t a s g e l

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H

. . .

t e r h a d a p k o h e s i v i t a s g e l

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k o h e s i v i t a a g e l

. . .

k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d e n g a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n a l k a l i t e r h a d a p k o h e s i v i t a s g e l

. . . .

A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam " g e l l i n g p o i n t

U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i NaOH

. . .

(113)

L a m p i r a n 3 0 a . U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h w a k t u p e r l a k u a n

a i k a i i t e r h a d a p " g e l l i n g p o i n t "

. .

.

93 L a m p i r a n 3 0 b . A n a l i s a s i d i k ragam " m e l t i n g p o i n t "

. . .

93

L a m p i r a n 31a. U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H

t e r h a d a p " m e l t i n g p o i n t "

.

. . . .

94 L a m p i r a n 3 1 b . U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h w a k t u p e r l a k u a n

a l k a l i t e r h a d a p " m e l t i n g p o i n t "

.

. .

.

94 L a m p i r a n 3 2 . _{U j i b e d a T u k e y p e n g a r u h i n t e r a k s i}

k o n s e n t r a s i N a O H d e n g a n w a k t u p e r l a k u a n

(114)

I n d o n e s i a mempunyai p o t e n s i y a n g c u k u p b e s a r s e b a g a i p e n g h a s i l r u m p u t l a u t . Rumput l a u t t e r s e b u t d i g u n a k a n u n t u k n e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n d a l a m n e g e r i s e b a g a i b a h a n b a k u a g a r - a g a r d a n s e b a g i a n b e s a r l a i n n y a d i e k s p o r . M e n u r u t c a t a t a n BPS ( 1 9 8 4 - 1 9 8 8 ) , v o l u m e r a t a - r a t a e k s p o r t a h u n 1 9 8 3 - 1 9 8 6 y a i t u 4 7 5 4 9 3 0 k g s e t a r a d e n g a n n i l a i r a t a - r a t a US $ 1 1 4 3 1 4 4 . P a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 7 v o l u m e e k s p o r m e n i n g k a t k a n m e n j a d i 9 881 9 8 8 kg d e n g a n n i l a i US $ 2 6 9 8 2 2 8 . J e n i s r u m p u t l a u t y a n g d i e k s p o r b e r a s a l d a r i k e l a s R h o d o p h y c e a e , y a i t u j e n i s

E u c h e m a _{s e b a g a i p e n g h a s i l} _{k a r a g e n a n} _{d a n} G e i m i u m s e r t a

S r a c l i a r l a s e b a g a i p e n g h a s i l a g a r - a g a r .

A g a r - a g a r mempunyai b a n y a k k e g u n a a n , s e p e r t i d a l a m p r o - d u k m a k a n a n , i n d u s t r i f a r m a s i , k e r t a s , t e k s t i l , l o g a m d a n p e n g g u n a a n d i l a b o r a t o r i u m . A g a r - a g a r t e r s e b u t d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i p e n s t a b i l , p e n g e m u l s i , b a h a n p e m b e n t u k g e l , b a h a n p e n j e r n i h , m e d i a k u l t u r m i k r o b a , m e d i a k u l t u r j a r i n g a n d a n

s e b a g a i n y a (Chapman d a n Chapman, 1 9 8 0 ; G l i k s m a n , 1 9 8 3 ) . D i I n d o n e s i a k e b u t u h a n a g a r - a g a r s e b a g i a n b e s a r d i p e n u - h i t e r u t a m a d a r i i m p o r n e g a r a Z e p a n g , T a i w a n d a n H o n g k o n g . A g a r - a g a r y a n g d i h a s i l k a n d i d a l a m n e g e r i d i t u j u k a n u n t u k b a h a n m a k a n a n y a n g b e r u p a a g a r - a g a r b a t a n g , k e r t a s d a n t e - p u n g . Volume r a t a - r a t a i m p o r a g a r - a g a r t a h u n 1 9 8 3 - 1 9 8 7 y a i -