A STUDY ON CODE MIXING FOUND IN RANAH 3 WARNA NOVEL BY AHMAD FUADI

A STUDY ON CODE MIXING FOUND IN

RANAH 3 WARNA

NOVEL BY AHMAD FUADI

THESIS

By:

HASANAH

09360025

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

A STUDY ON CODE MIXING FOUND IN

RANAH 3 WARNA

NOVEL BY AHMAD FUADI

THESIS

By:

HASANAH

09360025

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

A STUDY ON CODE MIXING FOUND IN RANAH 3 WARNA

NOVEL BY AHMAD FUADI

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Language Education

Written by:

HASANAH

09360025

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINNING AND EDUCATION

iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

"Berlelah-lelahlah, maka manisnya hidup akan terasa setelah kau berlelah-lelah" - Imam syafii

Fa inna ma’al ‘usri yusra (QS. Alam Nasyrah :5)

Man Jadda Wajad….

Man Shabara Zhafir….

Man Sara ‘ala Ddarbi Washal….

(Trylogy of Negeri 5 Menara)

DEDICATION :

I dedicated this thesis to:



My brothers and sisters



My beloved families



The big Family of “DIMPA”and “IPPMAK” Malang

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillahirobbil „alamin… All praises and thanks are just for ALLAH

Subhanahu wa Ta‟ala, the Almighty God and the Lord of the universe, only for

His mercy and guidance I can finish my thesis. In this priceless occasion, I also

would like to utter my sincere gratitude to:

1. The Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of

Muhammadiyah Malang, giving approval for this thesis.

2. The Head of English Department Program, Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum for

supporting the fulfillment of this thesis.

3. My advisors, Rina Wahyu Setyaningrum, S. Pd., M. Ed., and Drs. Taufiq

Burhan, M. Pd, and all the lecturers of English Department for the

priceless knowledge and precious experience.

4. Both of My beloved parents, Talib and Syahri Bulan, and my lovely

brother and sisters, Bahruddin, Saida, Sirajuddin, Misbahuddin, and Nur

Asyisyah “Cico”, for your love and your support.

5. My friends, Zuhri, Surya, Danang, Ahmar, Iing, Myga, and Lisdy, for your

support, your time and your patient.

6. Everybody for the help during the completion of my thesis.

In the end, I truly realize that some imperfectness might occur in this thesis.

Thus, I am gladly looking forward to any supporting advices and critics.

The Writer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL... i

LEGALIZATION ... ii

MOTTO & DEDICATION ... iii

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Sociolinguistics ... 7

2.2 Bilingualism ... 8

2.3 Code-choosing... 9

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1.1.1.3Congruent Lexicalization ... 32

1.1.2 Reasons for Code Mixing ... 33

4.2 Discussion ... 35

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 38

ix

REFERENCES ... 40

APPENDIX

Appendix I : Interview guideline ... 42

Appendix II : Patterns of Code Mixing found in Ranah 3 Warna novel by

Ahmad Fuadi ... 44

40

40

REFERENCES

Appel, R. & Musyken, P. 2005. Language contact and bilingualism. London: Edward Arnold.

Aprila, R. A. 2011. An analysis on the use of Indonesia-English code mixing

found in the novel “de journal” by Neneng Setiasih. Unpublished.

Ary, et al. 2010. Introduction to research in education (8th edition). California: Wadsworth.

Baker, C. 2001. Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism (3rd edition). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.

Berg, B. L. 2001. Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (4th edition). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Bhatia, T. K. & Richie, W. C. 2006. The handbook of bilingualism. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing.

Cardenas-Claros, M. S. & Isharyanti, N. 2009. Code switching and code mixing in

internet chatting: between „yes‟, „ya‟, and „si‟ a case study. The jaJlt Call Journal, 5 (3), 67-78.

Fuadi, A. 2011. Ranah 3 warna. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Hamers, J. F. and Blanc, M. H. A. 2004. Bilinguality and bilingualism (2nd

edition). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hennink, et al. 2011. Qualitative research methods. London: Sage Publication Ltd.

Jendra, M. I. I. 2012. Sociolinguistics: the study of societies language. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

Kothary, C. R. 2004. Research methodology methods and techniques. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers.

Kurniawan, R. 2013. An analysis of code mixing found in “twivortaire” by Ika Natassa. Unpublished.

Mesthrie, R., Swann, J., Deumert, A. & Leap, W. L. 2004. Introducing

sociolinguistics (2nd edition). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Musyken, P. 2000. Bilingual speech a typology of code mixing. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

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Spolsky, B. 1998. Sociolinguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Tagliamonte, S.A. 2006. Analysing sociolinguistic variation. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Trisnawati, Y. I. 2013. The use of Indonesian-English code mixing in the novel

“my stupid boss” by chaos@work. Unpublished.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter is going to discuss some topics such as background of study,

statement of the problem, purpose of the study, significant of the study, scope and

limitation, and definition of key terms.

1.1Background of the study

Language is a part of human life. In daily life, language is used to socialize

and communicate with each other. People tend to use language to convey feeling,

ideas, hopes, or many other things. ‘When two or more people communicate with

each other in speech, we can call the system of communication that they employ a

code. In most cases that code will be something we may also want to call a

nowadays is not difficult because it is just usual.As stated by Wardaugh that it is

just a normal requirement of daily living that people speak several languages

(2006:96).

In sociolinguistics, the ownership of at least two languages is known as

2

bilingual (Myers-Scotton, 2006:2). One of countries whose people are bilinguals

is Indonesia. In Indonesia, each person at least can speak her/his mother tongue

and national language or other languages. Someone may speak Javanese at home,

speak Indonesian in office or in other formal situation, and use English or other

languages for some purposes such as business matters, education, and job

relationship in a wider society. In fact, on some occasions, people sometimes use

more than one language in a conversation. It can be either by doing code

switching or code mixing.

Code switching is “the use of various linguistic units (words, phrases,

clauses, and sentences) primarily two participating grammatical system across

sentence boundaries within a speech event... Code mixing refers to the mixing of

various linguistic units (morphemes, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and

sentences) primarily from two participating grammatical system within a sentence

(Bhatia and Richie, 2006:337)." In other words, code switching refers to the use of

two or more languages alternately between sentences in a conversation and code

mixing refers to the insertion of various linguistic units into a sentence.

Code mixing can be found both in oral and written text such as inradio

programs, television programs, learning processes, magazines, tabloids,

billboards, catalogs, novel, etc.It also can occur in different forms, types, and for

different reasons or motivation. Discussing about code mixing, numerous studies

havebeen carried out dealing with it as a major topic, especially the use of it in

novel. In 2011, Aprilaconducted a study on Indonesian-English code mixing

3

In the same year as Trisnawati, a study also was conducted by Kurniawan

(2013). He focused on analyzing form of code mixing, context of code mixingand

the reason of IkaNatassa as the writer used code mixing in her novel, Twivortiare.

He discovered that code mixing occured in word form, phrase, and clause.

Furthermore, he proved that there are seven contexts of code mixing found in the

novel. They are topic, quoted opinion, emphatic about something, interjection,

expressing group identity, real lexical need, and softening or strengthening

command. In addition, he also found that the reason of writer in using code

mixing was the habit of writer in mixing languages.

Based on the previous study, the researcher found that there is still lack of

explanation about the patterns of code mixing called insertion, alternation, and

congruent lexicalization and also the underlying reasons or motivation behind the

use of it. So, in this study, the researcher will explore more about code mixing.

The present study will focus on exploring the patternsof code mixing and the

motivationslying behind the use of it because it is the area where the previous

4

Ahmad Fuadi is an Indonesian novelist. He is well-known as writer, public

speaker, and also motivator. He was born in Banyur in 1972. He was an alumnus

of both Gontor modern Islamic boarding schooland International Relation

Department in the University of Padjajaran. Through scholarships, he got chances

to stay and study in several countries such as Canada, Singapore, USA, and

England. In his novels, Negeri 5 Menara trilogy, he uses code mixing especially in Ranah 3 Warna.

Ranah 3 Warna is the second book of Negeri 5 Menara trilogy. It is one of

Ahmad Fuadi’s national best-seller novels. This book focused on telling three

different places; Bandung, Jordan, and Quebec. The story was about how

AlifFikri as the main character chased his dreams in his life. By mantra“man shabarazhafira”, he tried to solve his problems one by one. He chased his dreams earnestly although the inconvenience came again and again. This book was

published in 2011 and contains 473 pages. Ranah 3 Warna novel is very interesting because it provides the example of code mixing not only between

Indonesian and English but also other languages; for example, Indonesian-Arabic,

Padang, Sundanese, Javanese,

5 Warna novel by Ahmad Fuadi?

1.3 Purpose of the study

In accordance with the research questions, the study aimed at:

1. Knowing what are the patternsof code mixing found in Ranah 3 Warna novel

by Ahmad Fuadi.

2. Revealing what the underlying reasons behind the use of code mixing in

Ranah 3 Warna novel by Ahmad Fuadi.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The findings of the study were expected to provide interesting information

on code mixing issue. It can be used by students and lecturers as an additional

information source to get broader knowledge about code mixing used in novel

especially in Ranah 3 Warna because it provides information about code mixing in detail.The findings were also to enhance much more researches on this matter

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1.5 Scope and Limitation

The present study aimed at investigating Indonesian-English code

mixingfound in Ranah 3 Warna novel.It will be limited only on the patterns of code mixing and the reasons of the author, Ahmad Fuadi, in using code mixing in

Ranah 3 Warna novel.

1.6Definition of Key Terms

1. Bilingualism is a general term for the use of two or more languages in society

(Mesthrie et al., 2004:37).

2. Code mixing refers to the mixing of various linguistic units (morphemes,

words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences) primarily from two

participating grammatical system within a sentence (Bhatia and Richie,

2006:337)

3. Ahmad Fuadi is an Indonesian novelist. He is the author of Negeri 5 Menara

trilogy: Negeri 5 Menara, Ranah 3 Warna and Rantau 1 Muara.