CODE AND CULTURAL MEANING OF SEMIOTIC IN
CERITA CALON ARANG
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
SRI HANDAYANI PUTRI
Register Number 2113220039
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
i
ABSTRACT
Putri, Sri Handayani. 2113220039. Code and Cultural Meaning of Semiotic in Cerita Calon
Arang. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Great thanks and praise to the Allah SWT who has blessed and given the ability to the
researcher to complete her thesis as the partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of
Sarjana Sastra at the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of
Medan.
This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several
individuals who always contributed and extended their valuable assistances in the preparation
and completion of this thesis. The researcher’s special appreciation goes to:
Prof.Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd.,
the Rector of State University of Medan
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum.,
the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts, State University
of Medan.
Prof.Dr.Hj.Sumarsih, M.Pd.,
the Head of English and Literature of English
Department,
Dra. Meisuri, MA.,
the Secretary of English Department,
Nora
fonita,S.Pd., S.S.,M.Hum.,
the Head of English Education Program
and Syamsul
Bahri ,S.S,M.Hum.,
the Head of English Non Educational Program, Faculty of
Languages and Arts as her Academic Advisor.
Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D,
as her Thesis Supervisor, for the advice, guaidance,
suggestions and for the time in process of completing this thesis.
Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., Dr Zainuddin, DIP. TEFL., M.Hum.,
as her
Thesis Examiner.
Her strong and beloved parents,
affection, prayer, financial support and taught the researcher many worth things in facing
the life. Thanks also given to her sisters and brothers,
Siradjudin Iqbal, Siti Aqilah Nazwa, Sayida Nafisa Zahra.
All friends in English Literature A and B 2011. All team in Pers Mahasiswa Kreatif
State University of Medan. All
contributed in this study
Eka Prastia
their support, kindness, great love and help the researcher, also warm hearted
encouragement friendship in finishing this thesis.
The people who directly o
to her.
iii
Her strong and beloved parents,
Agus Supriadi
and
Siti Mariani
for the patience,
affection, prayer, financial support and taught the researcher many worth things in facing
the life. Thanks also given to her sisters and brothers,
Nuzulia fahma, fizki Al
Siradjudin Iqbal, Siti Aqilah Nazwa, Sayida Nafisa Zahra.
riends in English Literature A and B 2011. All team in Pers Mahasiswa Kreatif
Medan. All crew in 98,3 FM I-Radio Medan. The people who directly
Eka Prastia, Chairunnisa Lubis, Tirta Aritonang
their support, kindness, great love and help the researcher, also warm hearted
encouragement friendship in finishing this thesis.
or indirectly contributed in this study, your kindness means a l
Medan,
Agustus 2016
The Researcher,
Sri Handayani Putri
2113220039
the patience,
affection, prayer, financial support and taught the researcher many worth things in facing
Nuzulia fahma, fizki Al-Amin,
riends in English Literature A and B 2011. All team in Pers Mahasiswa Kreatif
ople who directly
onang
, thanks for
their support, kindness, great love and help the researcher, also warm hearted
ur kindness means a lot
Agustus 2016
The Researcher,
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iv
LIST OF TABLES ... vi
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of The Study ... 1
B. The Problem of the Study ... 5
C. The Objective of the Study ... 5
D. The Scope of The Study ... 5
E. The Significance of The Study ... 6
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 7
A
.
Theoretical Framework ... 7
1. Process Communication of Literary Text ... 7
a. Language Code ... 8
b. Literature Code ... 9
c. Cultural Code ... 11
2. Semiotic Analysis ... 12
3. Semiotic As One Approach to Analyze The Literature ... 16
4. Language As A System ... 17
5. Literature As A Sign Include Field Semiotics by De Saussure ... 18
6. Language As A Sign by Karl Buhler ... 20
7. Novel ... 21
8. Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Biography ... 21
9. The Summary of Cerita Calon Arang by Pramoedya Ananta Toer….22
B. Relevant Studies ... 26
v
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 28
A. Research Design ... 28
B. Source of Data ... 28
C. Data Collection technique ... 28
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 30
A. Data ... 30
B. Data Analysis ... 30
1. The Meanings Are Coded in The Novel Cerita Calon Arang by
Word ... 30
2. The Meanings Are Coded in The Novel Cerita Calon Arang by
Sentences ... 40
3. The Categories of Cultural Meaning in Cerita Calon Arang... 48
C. Research Finding ... 53
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 55
A. Conclusion ... 55
B. Suggestion ... 55
REFERRENCES ... 57
vi
[image:11.612.70.543.68.627.2]LIST OF TABLES
TABLES
1 CHAPTER I INTRODECTION
A. The Background of Study
Humans as social beings needs a tool to interact with other human beings
in society. The purpose of social interaction, it takes a tool of communication is
called language.In daily communication, instrument that is often used to
communicate is language, either in the form of written language and spoken
language. Language as a communication tool must have a function based on the
needs of a person consciously or unconsciously uses.
Language is a instrument for self-expression, communication tools, and a
tool for social control.Language is already a system of signs, semiotic system.
According Suwarna (2002:4) language is a main case for communication in social
life, in individual and social. Each of sign, language elements that have a
particular meaning, which by convention is approved, must be received by
members of society, and tying them together, not only in the sense that the sign is
a giving of (seats must mean "chair" in Indonesian, can not be used with meaning
"table".
Language can be applied through various ways such as literature. The
literary work is a product created by a writer, which there is to be conveyed to the
2
Literary works written or created by writers not to read alone, but there are ideas,
experiences, and the mandate to be conveyed to the reader. Further, what does it
become the input, so that the reader can draw and interpret as something that can
be useful for the development of life. It can be proved that the literary work can
develop the life and culture of the community. In other words, literature always
charged sociocultural. It happened because the literary work is also influenced by
the environment and times when creating his work. This is what Damono
(1998:234) says that literary work is a cultural thing, it does not fall from the sky,
but it created an individual human being as well an integral part of society.
The literary work is an art which many utilize symbols to express
subconscious that is more real and obvious plasticity, the author uses metaphors
and symbolism in the story. Any event or occurrence even character names are not
delivered naturalistic and realistic as it is, but delivered in a figurative and
symbolic .The process of literary studies has an important role in the life of the
language as well as in the search for the deeper meaning of a literary work. In this
case the approach has known several kinds of literature. The literary approach
here is a technique that leads to an attempt to affect the emotions and feelings of
the reader.
The literature as imaginative works that use language has differences with
other linguistic are more important function in the form of a reference language
messaging. Instead of literature concerned with aesthetic function of language as a
3
language, in the form of impressed and awe the reader. The literary work always
gets a response and diverse meanings of the reader and is not always appropriate
to the intended meaning of the author of literature. This is due to differences in
age, experience, ability, comprehension, and the situation of readers. In other
words the difference of meaning was due to different readers horizon
expectations, causing a variety of interpretations of the literary text.
The novel is one of the literature works. The literary form of the most
widely is circulated and printed, because the community very broad power in
society. However, many lovers of literature (novels) are still a lot of readers who
are difficult to interpret things that happen in a literary work (novel). Perhaps due
to the complex structure of the novel, unique, or even explain its meaning directly
making it difficult for the reader to understand and interpret what the author
means. Therefore, to understand we need the presence of the analysis, by outlining
the signs of words contained in this novel. One of the novel to be analyzed the
code is Pramoedya Ananta Toer “Cerita Calon Arang”
Literature knowledge surround the wide field. It was covered literary
theory, literary history and literary criticism. The three of part are interrelated. The
link causes dependence. A literary work can not be understood and lived,
moreover interpreted and assessed perfectly without a support the three part of
literature. Literary theory can never be perfect without the help of literary history
and literary criticism. Broadly speaking, literary theory consist of four paradigm,
4
it is formulated or invented theories about literature. One of the such theory is the
theory of semiotics.
Based on the background of this research is intended to scrutinize and
examine in detail how the code, cultural meaning through semiotic system that is
used by the author in a literary work in the "Cerita Calon Arang” by Pramoedya
Ananta Toer. Cerita Calon Arang tells of life of a bad old woman. She is a
shaman and sucking human blood . He was arrogant, all of her political
opponents slashed. She was glad to persecute human, killed, robbed and hurt. She
had a a lot of knowledge magic to kill people. If they were partying no different
with the wild animal, scared people who see that if caught peeping it will be
dragged into the middle of the party and killed and their blood be used wash.
Beside the novel has a story which tell about cultural, this novel also tell about
moral lesson. Then, the author make it this novel easy to read, not bored. The
author never stop make a creation. He is the expert to tells emotion, the story of
the character and motivations of various complicated. The prison did not stop an
inch to write, many times his work was banned and burned. For him, writing is a
personal and national duty. And he consistently against all the consequences that
5
B. The Problem of Study
In relation to the background of the problem were formulated as the
following:
1. What meanings are coded in the novel Cerita Calon Arang
2. How are cultural meanings semiotically coded in the Cerita Calon
Arang?
3. Why are the cultural meaning coded in the above they are?
C. The Objective of Study
In line with the problems, the objective of the study were:
1. To reveal semiotic elements contained in the novel.
2. To know about cultural meanings in the novel
3. To determine whether the semiotic meanings contained in the
novel.
D. The Scope of The Study
This research is limited on analyzing coded in the novel Cerita Calon
Arang, cultural meanings semiotically coded in the Cerita Calon Arang, and
the cultural meaning coded in the above novel. The novel taken from
6
E. The Significance of Study
1. Theoritically provide information about semiotic, code, cultural code
and meaning, especially for the student of literature who study about
semiotic.
2. Pratically give information about semiotic to teachers who teach the
student by learning about the code, cultural code, meaning in semiotic
55 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
Aftef analyzing all the meaning of codes and cultufal meanings on Cerita Calon
Arang afe dfawn as the following:
(1) Based on analysis of semiotic in “Cerita Calon Arang” by Pfamoedya Ananta
Toef, the code in that novel had founded. The novel is one of litefafy text has
system of code which have meaning with aesthetic language.
(2) Code has intefpfetation, which is based on code feceivef.
(3) The theme of “Cerita Calon Arang” by Pfamoedya Ananta Toef is a bad thing
who did by Calon Afang and hef followef, which caused people suffefed and
died evefy day. But, beside that, thefe afe a mofal values which teach feadef
that is potentially impfoved by kindness.
B. Suggestions
Having seen the fesults of study, the suggestions afe offefed as the following:
(1) It was found such as wofds and sentences which have meaning with aesthetic
language, it should be intfoduce to people because leafn about semiotic in
language is one of to appfeciate litefafy text.
(2) It is sugessted to othef feseafchefs and the students of Applied Linguistics,
who afe taking semiotic to staft analysing and obsefving fufthef feseafch in
56
(3) It is adviseable fof feadefs to undefstand the semiotic, especially code and
57
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