CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, purposes of the study, significance of the research, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of The Study
Since communication is carried out among people from different countries around the world, language becomes a crucial connector to deliver messages or information. A language which covers understanding in the global communication is English. Eventhough English becomes the international language, there is a problem like discontinue message or miss interpretation for people who do not comprehend English. As a result, translation is necessary in transforming information between languages. It is purposed to make language available to people who do not understand English, but need concentration and elaboration of the discourse and understanding.
Accordingly, English is very rich in the use of idiom like in formal style and slang, poetry, literature, Shakespeare language, and the Bible (Seidl and McModie, 1988:12; Straksiene, 2009:13). This idiom is one of the English expressions which meaning is not able to be found by translating its constituent words (Trask, 1999: 199). Eventhough some of them use good grammatical form, but they have inappropriate meaning from its pattern. They are difficult to deduce, have several connotation which have different emotive in the other language, and even have no equivalence to the target language (As-Shawi and Mahadi, 2007). This perhaps become the most difficult part for translator in translating process.
In the process of translating, a translator must select the most appropriate strategy purposed to deal with the raised problem to transfer a source idiom into target language. Besides, translator must recognize, understand, and analyze the idiomatic expressions before appropriate translation strategy can be considered. The ability to identify idiomatic expressions and appropriate strategy is enormous importance. It is significant because translators need theory which is very useful for the process of translation. Therefore, the researcher considers strategy in translating idiomatic expression became an interesting issue to discuss.
“AChildCalled͚It͛”byDavePelzer.Inthemeantime,thisresearchusesDave Pelzer’s novel “A Child Called͚It͛” and its Bahasa Indonesia novel “A Child
Called ͚It͛”byDananPriatmokotoasthedata. The novel contains message of a real experience of an effort spirit for life which the reader can learn from. Indeed, it covers some idiomatic expressions as long as the story. It is important because idiom is common expression in source language and becomes the main discussion of this study. This original novel has been published in English version, and the researcher takes this English version as the language which the researcher studies. The other one is in Bahasa Indonesia version. It is chosen as the first language of the researcher, Indonesian. Both novels are important as an appeal between source texts to the target texts.
Strategy in translating idiomatic expressions has been analyzed by several researchers. They mostly used Mona Baker’s idiomatic translation
strategies theory which consists of five categories. Accordingly, the four categories of Baker’s strategies are possible to cope with idiomatic expressions
(Hradilová, 2011; Salim&Mehawes, 2013). Meanwhile, compensation is also workable strategy in translating idiom text (Motallebzadeh, 2011:9). In addition, the research conducted by Sari (2013) with her thesis under a title Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expressions of Phrasal Verb in Terence Blacker‟s Bilingual
Novel “Ms Wiz Goes Live” into “Ms Wiz Jadi Bintang Televisi” By Mala
Suhendra focuses on the strategies used to translate idiomatic expressions in Terence Blacker’s bilingual novelMs Wiz Goes Live and Ms Wiz Jadi Bintang
Televisi by Mala Suhendra. The idioms which become data are limited to phrasal
class theory. Then, they are focused on the source text, English version novel. This analysis finds that similar meaning and dissimilar form are the most way which is used. But, the translation process did not use all of the strategies that Baker suggested to translate the idiomatic phrasal verb in Terence Blacker’s translation “Ms Wiz goes live”, for the translator did not involve the strategy of similar meaning and form and compensation.
Another earlier study is conducted by Novianti with a title An Analysis of The Translation Strategies of Idiomatic Expressions in Lewis Carroll‟s Alice in
Wonderland in Its Translation By Khairi Rumantati. It also involves the fours strategies in tyranslating idiomatic expressions which are suggested by Mona Baker. Nevertheless, it uses SeidlandMcMordie’sclassificationofEnglishidiom to verify the type of idiom in the source text and target text. Then, this study shows that translation by paraphrasing is the most applied strategy (2012: 75).
While the previews study by Sari (2013) put its data just from source language, the researcher believes that the study should analyze both novels in source and target language to find idiomatic expressions. This study will be done similar to the process by Novianti (2012) which focuses on source text and target text. It is required, idiomatic phrases in source text sometimes are translated into idioms in target text. It means that it is possible to find idioms in target text eventhough there is no idiom in source text.
novel “A Child Called͚It͛” and its translated version in Bahasa Indonesia “A
Child Called ͚It͛”.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
Based on the background of the study above, these problems of study are stated as follows.
1. WhatareidiomaticexpressionsfoundinDavePelzer’snovel“AChildCalled ͚It͛” and the translated version in Bahasa Indonesia “A Child Called͚It͛” by
Danan Priatmoko?
2. What are strategies used in translating the idiomatic expressions in Dave Pelzer’s novel “A Child Called ͚It͛” into “A Child Called͚It͛” by Danan
Priatmoko?
1.3 Purposes of the Study
According to the statement above, this study is purposed as follows. 1. TofindouttheidiomaticexpressionsfoundinDavePelzer’snovel“AChild
Called ͚It͛”andthetranslated version inBahasaIndonesia“AChildCalled͚It͛” by Danan Priatmoko.
2. To investigate the strategies used in translating the idiomatic expressions in DavePelzer’snovel“AChildCalled͚It͛”into“AChildCalled͚It͛”by Danan
Priatmoko
1.4 Significance of the Study
readers to get experience about the idiomatic in translation used both in source text and target text. Besides, this study also gives additional references about translation strategies of idiomatic expressions and develops the learners who have same interest in translating to understand translating idiomatic expressions of literature.
1.5Scope and Limitation
This study focused on the strategies used to translate idiomatic expressions found in Dave Pelzer’s novel “A Child Called͚It͛” into “A Child
Called ͚It͛”byDananPriatmoko.Thestrategyoftranslatingidiomaticexpressions is adapted from MonaBaker’stranslationidiomaticstrategies.Onanotherhand, this research is limited to the grammatical idiomatic form which includes phrasal verb, phrasal noun, and phrasal adjective as the idiom structure theory of Makkai
Adam.
1.6Definition of the Key Terms
1. Translation strategies is the theory of process in the act of transferring form of expressions from source language to target language attempting to clarify equivalence and constitutes meaning (Bassnett, 2005).
2. Idioms expressions which meaning is unpredictable from the meanings of their components. It often has their fixed meaning (Baker, 2001).
abused by a maniacal, alcoholic mom in California when he was 4 up to 12 years old (www.davepelzer.com).
4. Novel“AChildCalled͚It͛”byDananPriatmokoisanIndonesiannovelwhich istransformedfromEnglishNovel“AChildCalled͚It͛”byDavePelzer.Itwas
published by Gramedia Pustaka Utama Jakarta in 2005.
5. Dave Pelzer is an American author of seven inspirational books. He is the first author to have four #1 International Best Sellers and to have four books simultaneously on the New York Times Best Sellers List. He is best known for his 1995 memoir of childhood abuse, A Child Called "It" (www.davepelzer.com).
STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS
FOUND IN DAVE PELZER’S NOVEL “A CHILD CALLED ͚IT͛”
INTO “A CHILD CALLED ͚IT͛” BY DANAN PRIATMOKO
THESIS
By:
LILIK SUGIARTI 201010100311287
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS
FOUND IN DAVE PELZER’S NOVEL “A CHILD CALLED ͚IT͛”
INTO “A CHILD CALLED ͚IT͛” BY DANAN PRIATMOKO
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
LILIK SUGIARTI 201010100311287
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING EDUCATION
This thesis written by Lilik Sugiarti was approved on February 4, 2015.
By:
Advisor II
Riski Lestiono, S.Pd, M.A
Advisor I
DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY The undersigned below:
name : Lilik Sugiarti NIM : 201010100311287 department : English
faculty : Teacher Training and Education
I hereby declare that in this thesis presents my original work and that I have used no other sources except as noted by citations and does not in corporate without
acknowledgment any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university.
Malang, February 4, 2015
This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
on February 4th, 2015
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M. Kes.
Examiner
1. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd.
2. Erlyna Abidasari, M.A. M.Ed.
3. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum.
4. Riski Lestiono, S.Pd. M.A.
Signature
1.………..
2.………..
3.………..
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Then which of the Blessings of your Lord will you both (jinn and men) deny? (QS. Ar-Rahman:77)
Nothing is perfect, but you must do the best (anonym)
STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS FOUND IN
DAVE PELZER’S NOVEL “A CHILD CALLED ͚IT͛” INTO “A CHILD
CALLED ͚IT͛” BY DANAN PRIATMOKO ABSTRACT
The process of translating is not simple. It must pay closely attention to convey information or message from source language to target language without any changes. Besides, there are idioms of which meaning cannot be understood from the literal meanings of its words composition. This will become the most difficult part for translators in translating process. Therefore, strategies in translating idiom are necessary. This study is interesting, for it discusses strategies in translating idiomatic expressions. The objectives of this study are: (1) to describe the idioms found in EnglishtextofDavePelzer’snovel“AChildCalled„It’”and“AChildCalled„It’” by Danan Priatmoko and (2) to analyze the translation strategies used in translating idiomaticexpressionsinEnglishtextofDavePelzer’snovel“AChildCalled„It’” into“AChildCalled„It’”byDananPriatmoko.
This research was descriptive qualitative with content analysis method. The data of this study were idiomatic expressions occurring in English and Bahasa Indonesia text of novel “A Child Called „It’” with sentences containing idiomatic expressions. The instrument of this study was the researcher herself and a table numbering of the translation units in ST and TT as the supporting instruments to collect and analyze the data. The current project was going to concentrate mainly on idiomatic expression form of noun phrase, verb phrase, and adjective phrase and the strategies of translating idiomatic expressions. To gain the trustworthiness of the research, this study applied detailed analysis of the data, applied theories of strategies in translating idioms by Mona Baker, and examined the process and the result of the research.
Based on the data analysis, in the novel of English version, it was found that there were 90 idioms; meanwhile, in Bahasa Indonesia version, there were 12 idiomatic expressions. Accordingly, it was found that there were 5 strategies used in translating idiom expressions from English into Indonesia, they included: (i) 3 cases of translation by using an idiom of similar meaning and form, (ii) 8 cases of translation by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, (iii) 73 cases of translation by paraphrasing, (iv) 3 cases of translation by omission, and (v) 2 cases of translation by compensation. Eventhough a case of translation was not covered by the strategies above, it can be assumed that all of five translation strategies suggested by Baker were applied in process of translating idiomatic expression from English into Bahasa Indonesia.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah, first and foremost the writer wants to grate to Allah SWT for giving health and blessing and also sholawat to prophet Muhammad SAW for guiding hers from darkness.
The writer would like to express her deepest gratitude to her advisor Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum, and her second advisor, Riski Lestiono, S.Pd, M.A, for their patience, suggestion, invaluable guidance and advice during the consultation period, and their comments and correction during the completion of this thesis. For Fika Megawati, S.Pd, M.Pd. Thank you very much for her advice, suggestion, and enthusiasm during start to do writing this thesis.
Finally, special thank goes to her beloved mother (Minaryati) and father (Sutrisno), her sister (Ririn), and brother (Candra) who always pray and support her in happiness and sorrow and thanks a lot for all the great ideas that had been given. Thank also for friends (Cindy, Lilik, Maynda, Ika, Mita, Rere, Aulia, Sisca, Ardik, Adni, Chandra, Mela, Uli, Ola, Eva, mbak Dina and the others who I cannot mention all their names) thanks you very much for their advices, critic until the writer can finish her thesis, and friend-sisters who give support and help the writer during doing this thesis (Nia, Dina, Putri, Nurul, Nidia, Juni). Last, thanks to Tirto who automatically gives injection of spirit to get her all have done. May ALLAH bless us, Amin!
Malang, February 4, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENT
APPROVAL ... iii
DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY ... iv
LEGALIZATION ... v
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Translation ... 8
2.1.1 Process of Translation... 9
2.2 Idiomatic Expressions ... 12
2.2.1 Type of Idiom ... 12
2.2.2 Difficulties in Process of Translating Idiomatic Expressions... 15
2.3 Strategies in Translating Idiom ... 16
2.3.1 Type of Strategies in Translating Idiom ... 16
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 3.1 Research Design ... 20
3.2 Object of The Study ... 21
3.4 Data Collection ... 22
3.5 Data Analysis ... 23
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Research Findings ... 25
4.1.1 Idiomatic Expressions Found in Dave Pelzer’sNovel“AChild Called ͚It͛”andthe Indonesian Version “AChildCalled͚It͛”by Danan Priatmoko.. ... 26
4.1.1.1 Noun Phrase Idioms ... 26
4.1.1.2 Verb Phrase Idioms ... 28
4.1.1.3 Adjective Phrase Idioms ... 31
4.1.2 Strategies used in translating the idiomatic expressionsinDavePelzer’snovel“A Child Called ͚It͛”into“AChildCalled ͚It͛”byDananPriatmoko ... 34
4.1.2.1 Translation by Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form ... 34
4.1.2.2 Translation by Using an Idiom of Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form ... 35
4.1.2.3 Translation by Paraphrase ... 40
4.1.2.4 Translation by Omission ... 42
4.1.2.5 Translation by Compensation ... 45
4.2 Discussion ... 46
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 50
5.2 Suggestion ... 51 REFERENCES
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