Zink Suplementation on Complete Tea Waste Ration (
Camelia
sinensis
) to Evaluate Performance Reproduction of
Young Rabbit Does
Lilis Khotijah*, T. Sari, & D.A. Astuti
Department of Nutrition and Feed Tecnology, Faculty of Animal Science Bogor Agricultural University
*e-mail: lilis.khotijah@gmail.com
Abstract
Tea waste (Camelia sinensis) has high protein and crude fiber resources and it has been reported that 30% in the ration could give good performance in growing rabbit. Problem with the waste is lag of Zn absorption due to lignin content so it will effect to the reproduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of level Zn supplementation on ration containing 30% tea waste on reproduction performance of young rabbit does. Twenty young rabbit does were assigned to four pellet complete rations and synchronization of estrus with such a dose of PGF2α. The treatments were control with Comercial ration ; R1 was ration with 30% tea waste; R2 was R1 plus 50 ppm Zn and R3 was R1 plus 100 ppm Zn. Parameters observed were pregnant and lactation feed intake (g/head/d), frequency of first matting to pregnant, the pregnant presentation, length of pregnant (day), litter size, birth weight, weaning weight, milk production and mortality pre weaning. Completely Randomized Design was used with four treatments and five replications. Result showed that the treatments were not significant affected yet to the feed intake and all performance reproduction of young rabbit does. It was concluded that 30% of tea waste plus Zn could be used as source of protein and mineral for rabbit does reproduction ration where the result condition same with control ration.
Keywords: rabbit does, tea waste, Zn supplementation
Introducton
Tea waste as a byproduct of manufacture soft drnks ndustry has potental to use as source of feed, because of the avalablty and nutrtonal value. Some studes has been reported that tea waste can be used n rabbt raton up to more than
30% wthout a negatve mpact on performance (Khotjah et al., 2004). However,
Green tea waste has hgh proten and fber content. As a roughage they has 29.01% lgnn content (Istrahayu, 1993). Accordng to James (1990), fbers wth hgh lgnn content could bnd some mnerals as a result of carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl – lgnn bound, so that nterferng the mneral absorpton whch s very mportant for the reproducton pathway. One of the essensal mnerals for the re-producton metabolsm s Zn. The functons of Zn are has affect to the growth, reproducton, bone and blood formaton, metabolsm of nuclec acds, protens and carbohydrates. Znc acts as essental components or enzymes actvators and called
metalloenzm (Scott et al., 1982). Znc plays a role n the process of cell
develop-ment whch needed by somatc cells durng pregnancy and weanng. The mneral also nvolves n the process of proten synthess for the mlk producton. It s re-ported that Zn defcency durng pregnant resulted n brth defects and fetal death (Lutwak-Mann and McIntosh, 1971). Znc plays a crtcal role n the repar andZnc plays a crtcal role n the repar and mantenance of the uterne lnng followng calvng, speedng the return to normal reproductve functon and estrus. Znc defcency occurred durng the standard do-defcency occurred durng the standard do-sng perod of gudelne rabbt developmental toxcty studes may be assocated wth a modest ncrease n resorpton rate and a transent nhbton of embryonc
growth (Ptt et al., 1997). So that the presence of Zn n the raton s very mportant
to note. Tea waste utlzaton n such a mount of reproductve raton requres ad-dtonal essencal mneral such Zn. Ths study was amed to evaluate the effect of level Zn supplementaton n raton contanng 30% tea waste on reproducton
per-formance of young rabbtdoes.
Materals and Methods
Animals and diets
Table 1. Raton formulaton and ther chemcal composton as DM bass
Feedstuff Treatment Raton
K R1 R2 R3
Tea waste (%) C 30 30 30
Soybean meal (%) O 20 20 20
Yellow corn (%) M 26 26 26
Wheat bran (%) E 17.5 17.5 17.5
Molases (%) R 5 5 5
Palm Ol (%) C 0.5 0.5 0.5
CaCO3 (%) I 1 1 1
ZnSO4(ppm) A
L 0 50 100
Dry matter (%) 86.45 88.31 88.31 88.31
Ash (%) 7.40 6.15 6.15 6.15
Crude proten (%) 16.59 21.92 21.92 21.92
Crude fber (%) 9.75 10.58 10.58 10.58
NFE (%) 46.00 44.39 44.39 44.39
Ca (%) 0.82 1.33 1.33 1.33
P (%) 0.35 0.46 0.46 0.46
Zn (ppm) 70.00 50.00 100.00 150.00
NDF (%) 38.67 55.73 55.73 55.73
ADF (%) 16.77 22.2 22.2 22.20
Gross energy (kkal/kg) 4164 3879 3879 3879
Synchronization of estrus and Mating
The anmal were treated by synchronzaton of estrus wth PGF2 alpha hormone njectons and then mated naturally. The checkng of pregnancy were done n 12-14 days after njecton. The parameter observed were collected durng two months evaluaton.
Results and Dscusson
The means of dry matter ntake of dfferent physologcal status were shown n
Table 2.Daly dry matter feed ntake n all physologcal status were notsgnfcant
compared to the commercal raton. Does rabbts supplemented wth 50- 100 ppm znc, as well as non-supplemented anmals.
Table 2. Dry matter Intake n Dfferent Physologcal Status
Physologcal Phases
Treatments
K R1 R2 R3
---g/head/day---Pre pregnant 85.0±18.32 105,55±14.00 93.560±27.57 104.22±22.61
Pregnant 84.14±21.88 90.47±5.05 95.02±21.14 94.11±14.35
Lactaton 94.07±34.41 110.70±25.29 103.60±39.86 121.01±36.84
Performance Reproduction
The frequency of frst matng to be pregnant ranged from 1 – 1.33 tme. Length of pregnancy ranged from 31.33 to 32.5 days. The data showed as the normal range accordng to Smth and Mangkoewdjojo (1988). The brth weght from does treat-ed by 30% tea waste wth 0-100 ppm Zn supplementaton (R2) dd not sgnfcantly dfferent compared to control det (commercal) (Table 3). The total number of kts born, weaned and total body weght of kts were smlar among the treatments.
Table 3. Performance Reproducton of Young Rabbts Does
Parameters Treatments
K R0 R1 R2
Frequency of frst mattng to pregnant 1.00 1.00 1.33 1.00 P
Pregnant presentaton 100.00 100.00 66.67 100.00 Length of pregnant (day) 32.00 32.50 31.33 31.33
Ltter sze 5.70 6.75 7.00 7.00
B
Brth weght (g/head) 51,58 33,80 41,97 39,43 Weanng weght (g/head) 220.04 205.38 149.28 136.95
Mlk producton (g/does/day) 62.23 61.72 70.60 67.60
Pre weanng Mortalty (%) 5.00 62.50 42.5 34.39
could mantan the cell dvson, so that pre natal dsablty and mortalty can be reduced (Lutwak-Mann and McIntoch, 1971).
The treatment dd not gve sgnfcantly dfferent effects on the mother’s mlk producton. There was an ncreasng of 13.45% n the waste tea raton and 8.63% mlk producton of comercal raton. Suplementas Zn had affected to the mlk pro-ducton and growth (Bayu, 2004); the adequacy of Zn vary dependng on phys-ologcal condtons, such as the amount of Zn that must be absorbed to replace the endogenous expendture, network formaton, growth and mlk secreton (Revana, 2004).
Pre-weanng mortalty of kt affected by brth weght, envronmental condtons, feed and does mlk producton and motherng ablty (Junus, 1982). The hghest kt mortalty were n R0 and the lowest n the treatment of the commercal raton. There was a reducton n kt mortalty on raton whch treatment wth Zn supplementaton, where n Zn suplementaton the mortalty reduce from 42.9% to 37%. Ths value was hgher than Lebas et al. (1984) reported, where pre-weanng mortalty on Europe Rabbt farm was 20%.
Conclusons
Result showed that the treatments were not affected to the feed ntake and all performance reproducton parameters of young rabbt does. It was concluded that 30% of tea waste plus Zn could be used as source of proten and essensal mneral source for rabbt does reproducton raton wthout sgnfcant dfferent compared to comersal raton.
Acknowledgement
The authors gratefully thanks to our colleagues who have contrbuted to ths work and also to LPPM_IPB for fnancal support.
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