1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents research background, research problem, research objective, scope and limitation, research contribution, and definition of the key terms. They are presented consecutively in the following sections.
1.1Research Background
Speaking is one of the four basic skills in learning foreign language besides listening, reading and writing.This is in line with the Education Minister of the Republic of Indonesia (2006) statement that reading, writing, listening and speaking skills have to be taught in all junior and senior high schools in Indonesia in order to help the students understand English orally and also be able to use it to communicate with others in daily conversation, especially with foreigners.
Communicate with other people in national and international scope needs one language that is English. Even we use English as an international language (not as a second language), it is very necessary to master and have a good ability of using English to meet a goal of communication. Bygate (2000) stated that interaction skill involves the ability to use language in order to satisfy particular demands. Firstly, it is related to the internal condition of speech; secondly, it involves the dimension of interpersonal interaction in conversation.
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culture of speaking, and that classrooms need to become ‘talking classrooms’ (p. 123). In other words, students will be more confident speakers (and their speaking abilities will improve) if this kind of speaking activation is a regular feature of lessons”. This means the teacher should develop the students’ habit to practice speaking in classroom as often as they can so that they master the skill of speaking English. Furthermore, Cahyono and Mukminatien (2011) said that
“teaching speaking is teaching students to use the language in real communication” (p. 43). The English teacher should teach them to produce English speech sounds and sound patterns. The students should be able to use words and sentences which are appropriate with the context. This means that the teacher teaches the students how to produce speech sound and sound patterns of English so that they can use sentences that are appropriate with the context.
Moreover, teaching speaking is more challenging because there are several problems that were found by some previous researchers. Yun (2008), for example, found the students’ problems in speaking were difficulties in making sentences and in remembering all of the vocabularies used to make communication. Further, she also found the bad effect of vernacular patois that influenced students’ pronunciation, intonation, accuracy and fluency. Another researcher, Septyanita (2007), also found that the students had problems such as inhibition, nothing to say, low or uneven participation, mother tongue use, speech act (pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and oral communication) as the main elements of speaking.
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one of the alternative teaching instruments to make the teaching learning process interesting and fun so that the target of language learning can be achieved more effectively. Using media in teaching speaking can help the students to express their ideas and feelings freely and fun. Media also involve the entire students in the teaching learning process and make them the centre of learning. Further, using media makes the students easy to understand the lesson that is being taught. In addition, Yudhi (2013) states that there are three types of media that can be used by the teacher in the teaching learning process; they are audio media, visual media, and audio-visual media. The teacher can use them to teach speaking in the classroom.
Flashcard is one of the media which can be used by the teacher in the teaching leaning process. Some previous researchers have found that the use of flashcard in the teaching learning process was effective. Lafifatud (2008), for example, found that teaching grammar using flashcard improved the first year students’ grammar achievements. It was supported by Yulita (2005) who found that the students’ vocabulary also improved when they learned using flashcard. This means that using flashcards becomes one of the effective ways to teach English.
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students did not have any self-confidence to speak in English, and the last was the monotonous teaching method used by the teacher in the classroom.
1.2 Research Problem
Based on the above background of the study, the research problem is stated as follows,” Does teaching speaking using flashcards improve the speaking skill of the seventh grade students at Mts Al-Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang?”
1.3 Hypothesis
Ho (null hypothesis): teaching speaking by using flashcard does not improve students speaking ability at Mts Al-Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang.
Hi (Alternative hypothesis): teaching speaking by using flashcard improve the students speaking ability at Mts Al-Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang.
1.4 Research Objective
The purpose of the research is to investigate whether or not teaching speaking using flashcards significantly improve the speaking skill of the seventh grade students at Mts Al-Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang.
1.5Scope and Limitation
5 1.6Research Contribution
The result of the research is expected to be useful for teachers, students and next researchers. By reading the result of this study, the teachers are expected to be able to use flashcards for teaching speaking skill. Flashcards can help the teacher develop teaching learning activities. On the other hand, flashcards help students to learn speaking easily and understand the teachers’ explanation in English through the pictures, symbols, and texts. For next researchers, the results of this research can be used as a reference to conduct researchers within similar topics, such as the effective way to teach reading using flashcards, and the effective way to teach writing using flashcards.
1.7 Definition of the Key Terms
To avoid misunderstanding of the terms used in this study, several key terms are defined as follows:
Flashcard is a card printed with pictures, texts or symbols that guide students into something that has any correlation with those pictures, texts or symbols. (Arsyad, 2010 )
Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving, and processing information. (Brown in Murdiyanti, 2013)
The Use of Flashcard to Improve the Speaking Skill of the
Seventh Grade Students at Mts Al
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF
i
The Use of Flashcard to Improve the Speaking Skill of the
Seventh Grade Students at Mts Al-Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang
THESIS
By:
Ismar Dian Arini
201110100311025
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
The Use of Flashcard to Improve the Speaking Skill of the
Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang
The Use of Flashcard to Improve the Speaking Skill of the
Seventh Grade Students at Mts Al
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Department
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
The Use of Flashcard to Improve the Speaking Skill of the
Seventh Grade Students at Mts Al-Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Department
By:
Ismar Dian Arini
201110100311025
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
The Use of Flashcard to Improve the Speaking Skill of the
Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
“If you fall a thousand times, Stand up millions of
times because you do not know how close you are to
success”
DEDICATION:
I Dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved father and mother,
My brother,
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ORIGINALITY DECLARATION
The undersigned:
Name : Ismar Dian Arini
Student ID number : 201110100311025
Program of Study : English Department
Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
I declare that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by myself and does
not incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a
degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge this thesis does
not contain any materials previously published or written by another person
except where due reference is made in text.
Malang, October, 2015
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillahi Robbil Alamin, with the blessings and mercies of Allah
SWT, finally the writer could finish this thesis.
The writer would like to express her deepest gratitude to Dr. Hartono,
M.Pd as the first advisor and Mrs. Nurakhfini Septiany, M.A., M.Ed as the
second advisor who had given guidance, correction, suggestion, and support
along the process of writing her thesis from the beginning until end.
Her sincere gratitude and appreciation are also extended to the English
teacher, (Mrs.Nuning), and head master at MTs Al-Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang
who had given her opportunity to conduct the research.
Moreover, she would like to express her big gratitude to her beloved
parents, Moch.Arifin and Sriati, who always give her their support, praying and
love till the end of the time. She also thanks her brothers (Rendi and Eka) and
her cousin (Feby) for their support and encouragement to face the indefinite
problems. Then, she would like to express her thank to all her beloved friends
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval page ... i
Dedication and Motto ... iii
Statement of Work’s originality ... iv
Abstract ... v
1.5 Scope and Limitation...………...………...4
1.6 Research Contribution………...………...5
1.7 Definition of The Key Terms……….………..…5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Teaching Speaking………...6
2.2 Teaching Media……….………..………...7
2.3 Flashcard………...……….……….10
2.4 Teaching Speaking Through Flashcard……...………...10
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
1.1 Research Findings………....21
1.2 Discussion………..………...23
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions………...26
5.2 Suggestions………..………...27
REFERENCES………..28
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REFRENCES
Arsyad, Azhar. 2011. ”Media Pembelajaran”. Jakarta : PT Raja Grafindo Persada.Rajawali pers.
Ary, Donald et al. 2010. “Introduction to Research in Education (Eight Edition”). USA : Wadsworth.
Arita, Yun. 2008. “A Study of Students’ Problems in Daily English Speaking Activity at SMA POMOSDA TANJUNGANOM NGANJUK”. Malang : University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Bygate, Martin. 2000. “Language Teaching A Scheme for Teacher Education”.
Speaking. New York (Oxford) : University Press.
Cahyono and Mukminatien. 2011. “Techniques and Strategies to Enhance English Language Learning”. Malang : State University of Malang Press.
Depdiknas. 2006. "Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional No. 22 tentang Standar Isi Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMP dan MTS". Jakarta.
Diyanah, Lafifatud. 2008. ”The Effectiveness of Using Flash Card in Teaching English Grammar at MTS Wahid Hasyim 1 Dau Malang”. Malang : University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Fajarianti, Briana.2010.” The Teaching Media for Teaching Vocabulary to The 1st
Grade Students of Elementary School at Pucang 2 Sidoarjo”. Malang : University Of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Harmer, Jeremy. 2007. “How to Teach English”. England : Pearson- Longman.
Harmer, Jeremy. 2002. “The Practice of English Language Teaching”. England : Pearson- Longman.
Munadi,Yudhi. 2013. ”Media Pembelajaran Sebuah Pendekatan Baru”. Jakarta : GP Press Group.
Murdiyanti, Ike. 2013. ”The Teaching Strategy in Speaking Used by English Teacher in TK Senaputra Malang”. Malang : University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Ng, Davie.2011. “ Benefits f Using The Flash Card”.(http://qualityflshcards.com).
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Nunan, David. 2003. “Practical English Language Teaching.” New York : McGraw-Hill.
