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I, FENNY SAMOSIR DECLARE THAT IAM THE SOLEAUHOROF THIS S I H T F O T X E T E H T N I E D A M S I E C N E R E F E R E R E H W T P E C X E S I S E H T
D E H S I L B U P L A I R E T A M O N S N I A T N O C S I S E H T S I H T . S I S E H T
A M O R F T R A P N I R O E L O H W N I D E T C A R T X E R O E R E H W E S L E
R E H T O N A D E D R A W A R O R O F D E I F I L A U Q E V A H I H C I H W Y B S I S E H T
T U O H T I W D E S U N E E B S A H K R O W S ’ N O S R E P R E H T O O N . E E R G E D
. S I S E H T S I H T F O T X E T N I A M E H T N I S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C A E U D
F O D R A W A E H T R O F D E T T I M B U S N E E B T O N S A H S I S E H T S I H T
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N :FENNYSAMOSIR
S I S E H T F O E L T I
T :ADESCRIPTIONOF INTERFERENCE FOUND L A C I T I L O P T A D E S U E G A U G N A L N I
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D BETWEENGOLKARANDPKS N
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D :ENGLISH
S I S E H T Y M T A H T G N I L L I W M A
I SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
F O N A I R A R B I L E H T F O N O I T E R C S I D E H T T A N O I T C U D O R P E R
, S E I D U T S L A R U T L U C F O Y T L U C A F , H S I L G N E F O T N E M T R A P E D
T A H T G N I D N A T S R E D N U E H T N O A R A T U A R E T A M U S F O Y T I S R E V I N U
W A L E H T R E D N U N O I T A G I L B O R I E H T F O E R A W A E D A M E R A S R E S U
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M the secretary D .rHj .Nu lrela M.Hum and all l ecturers t ha thave given me
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S “A descirpiton ofi nterferencei n l anguage used a tpo ilitca ldebate ” S K P d n a r a k l o G n e e w t e
b merupakan suatu uraian tentang interferens iyang t ejrad i S K P n a d r a k l o G i a tr a p a r a t n a k it il o p t a b e d m a l a
d .Landasan teor iyang digunakan
i r o e t h a l a d
a Wein irch ( ldaamAsilndadanLenni ,2007: 66 )yangmenjelaskant entang n a i g a b m e
p intefrerens i ke dalam empa t bagian yatiu intefrerens i fonologi , t n i s i s n e r e f r e t n i n a d , i g o l o fr o m i s n e r e f r e t n i ,l a k i s k e l i s n e r e f r e t n
i aksi .s Metode yang
i a g a b r e b i r a c n e m k u t n u n a a k a t s u p e k e d o t e m h a l a d a i n i n a it il e n e p m a l a d n a k a n u g i d e m n a g n e d n a k u k a li d a t a d n a l u p m u g n e P . g n u k u d n e m g n a y i r o e
t ngunduh data atau
a r a c
a deba t poilitk tersebu t dar i internet , sedangkan untuk menganailsi s data g
i
d unakan metode anailsi sdesk irpit fkualtiatfi .Tujuan dar ipembahasan sk irps iin i s i n e j n a k u m e n e m k u t n u h a l a d
a - jeni sintefrerens idan j enis i ntefrerens iyang pailng S K P n a d r a k l o G a r a t n a k it il o p t a b e d m a l a d n a n i m o
d setra menemukan bahasa
-a s a h a b n a d a s a h a
b yang pailng dominan yang menginterferens ibahasadeba tpoilitk h a l a d a i n i i s p ir k s n a s a h a b m e p m a l a d n a ij a k k e j b o n u p a d A , t u b e s r e
t keseluruhan
a r a t n a k it il o p t a b e d m a l a d u m a t g n a t n i b n a d , r o t a r e d o m , r o t a r a n h e l o k i a b n a r a j u 2 i r a u r b e F 8 1 i s i d e S K P n a d r a k l o
G 009 yang terdri i dar i dua sesi . Setelah e
m ndesk irpsikan data , hasi l penemuan dar i anailsi s dtiemukan empa t jeni s i s n e r e f r e t n
i yang terdapa tdalam deba tpoilitk antara Golka rdan PKS ,yakn i9 ( 18,9 % ) interferens i fonologi , 73 (72,27%) interferens i leksika,l 12 (11,88% )
s i s k a t n i s i s n e r e f r e t n i ) % 4 9 , 6 ( 9 n a d , i g o l o fr o m i s n e r e f r e t n
i . Bahasa-bahasa yang
a s a h a b , ) % 6 2 , 1 5 ( 1 6 a tr a k a J k e l a i d a i s e n o d n I a s a h a b u ti a y a t a d i s n e r e f r e t n i g n e m a w a J a s a h a b , ) % 7 9 , 5 1 ( 9 1 s ir g g n
I 37(31,09%) ,BahasaSunda 1(0,84%) ,dan Bahasa y
a l e
M u 1(0,84%) . Kesimpulannya, interferensi yang pailng dominan digunakan i
n k a
y intefrerensil eksika ldan bahasayang pailngdominan mengintefrerens ibahasa a tr a k a J k e l a i d a i s e n o d n I a s a h a b h a l a d a S K P n a d r a k l o G a r a t n a k it il o p t a b e
d .Penu il s
n a k n a r a y n e
m bahwaktiasebaga iorang I ndonesiaharu sbenar-bena rmemperhaitkan k a d it a g g n i h e s t u b e s r e t a s a h a b i s k u d o r p m e m t a a s n a k a n u g a ti k g n a y a s a h a b h a d i a k . t u b e s r e t a s a h a b a d a p n a k a s u r e k n a k t a b i k a g n e m g n a y i s n e r e fr e t n i t a u b m e m n a g n e d a y n n a ti a k t a r e i n i a s a h a b n a k a s u r e
F O E L B A
T CONTENTS
S T N E M E G D E L W O N K C
A ........................................................................ v ii T
C A R T S B
A ................................................................................................ i x S
T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ............................................................................ x
I R E T P A H
C INTRODUCTION.............................................. 1 1
.
1 Backgroundo fStudy ... 1
2 .
1 Problemo fStudy ... 3
3 .
1 Objecitveo fStudy ... .... 3
4 .
1 Scopeo fStudy... 4
5 .
1 Signiifcanceo fStudy ... 4
I I R E T P A H
C REVIEWOFLITERATURE............................ 5 1
.
2 Socioilnguisitcs... 5
2 .
2 LanguageContact ... 6
3 .
2 Biilnguailsm ... 7
4 .
2 Diglossia... 8
5 .
2 CodeSwtiching ... 8
6 .
2 CodeMixing... 1 0
7 .
2 Interference... 1 2
1 . 7 .
2 DeifniitonofI ntefrerence... 1 2
2 . 7 .
2 Type sofI nterference ... 1 3
I I I R E T P A H
C Methodo fResearch ........................................... 18 1
.
2 .
3 DataandSourceData... 1 9
3 .
3 Techniqueo fCo llecitngData... 1 9
4 .
3 Techniqueo fAnalyzingData... 1 9
V I R E T P A H
C DESCRIPTIONANDFINDING....................... 21 1
.
4 DataDescirpiton ... 2 1
e r e f r e t n I f o e p y T e h T 1 . 1 .
4 nce Found in Poilitca ldebate
S K P d n a r a k l o G n e e w t e
B ... 2 1
e c n e r e f r e t n I l a c i g o l o n o h P 1 . 1 . 1 .
4 ... 2 1
e c n e r e f r e t n I l a c i x e L 2 . 1 . 1 .
4 ... 2 5
e c n e r e f r e t n I l a c i g o l o h p r o M 3 . 1 . 1 .
4 ... 5 9
e c n e r e fr e t n I l a c it c a t n y S 4 . 1 . 1 .
4 ... 6 7
2 . 1 .
4 TheFrequencyofI nterference ... 7 1
2 .
4 Finding ... 7 3
V R E T P A H
C CONCLUSIONANDSUGGESTION............... 74 1
.
5 CONCLUS NIO ... 7 4
2 .
5 SUGGESTION ... 7 5
S E C N E R E F E
R ............................................................................ 76 S
E C I D N E P P
A
R
T
S
B
A
C
T
l u d u jr e b i s p ir k
S “A descirpiton ofi nterferencei n l anguage used a tpo ilitca ldebate ” S K P d n a r a k l o G n e e w t e
b merupakan suatu uraian tentang interferens iyang t ejrad i S K P n a d r a k l o G i a tr a p a r a t n a k it il o p t a b e d m a l a
d .Landasan teor iyang digunakan
i r o e t h a l a d
a Wein irch ( ldaamAsilndadanLenni ,2007: 66 )yangmenjelaskant entang n a i g a b m e
p intefrerens i ke dalam empa t bagian yatiu intefrerens i fonologi , t n i s i s n e r e f r e t n i n a d , i g o l o fr o m i s n e r e f r e t n i ,l a k i s k e l i s n e r e f r e t n
i aksi .s Metode yang
i a g a b r e b i r a c n e m k u t n u n a a k a t s u p e k e d o t e m h a l a d a i n i n a it il e n e p m a l a d n a k a n u g i d e m n a g n e d n a k u k a li d a t a d n a l u p m u g n e P . g n u k u d n e m g n a y i r o e
t ngunduh data atau
a r a c
a deba t poilitk tersebu t dar i internet , sedangkan untuk menganailsi s data g
i
d unakan metode anailsi sdesk irpit fkualtiatfi .Tujuan dar ipembahasan sk irps iin i s i n e j n a k u m e n e m k u t n u h a l a d
a - jeni sintefrerens idan j enis i ntefrerens iyang pailng S K P n a d r a k l o G a r a t n a k it il o p t a b e d m a l a d n a n i m o
d setra menemukan bahasa
-a s a h a b n a d a s a h a
b yang pailng dominan yang menginterferens ibahasadeba tpoilitk h a l a d a i n i i s p ir k s n a s a h a b m e p m a l a d n a ij a k k e j b o n u p a d A , t u b e s r e
t keseluruhan
a r a t n a k it il o p t a b e d m a l a d u m a t g n a t n i b n a d , r o t a r e d o m , r o t a r a n h e l o k i a b n a r a j u 2 i r a u r b e F 8 1 i s i d e S K P n a d r a k l o
G 009 yang terdri i dar i dua sesi . Setelah e
m ndesk irpsikan data , hasi l penemuan dar i anailsi s dtiemukan empa t jeni s i s n e r e f r e t n
i yang terdapa tdalam deba tpoilitk antara Golka rdan PKS ,yakn i9 ( 18,9 % ) interferens i fonologi , 73 (72,27%) interferens i leksika,l 12 (11,88% )
s i s k a t n i s i s n e r e f r e t n i ) % 4 9 , 6 ( 9 n a d , i g o l o fr o m i s n e r e f r e t n
i . Bahasa-bahasa yang
a s a h a b , ) % 6 2 , 1 5 ( 1 6 a tr a k a J k e l a i d a i s e n o d n I a s a h a b u ti a y a t a d i s n e r e f r e t n i g n e m a w a J a s a h a b , ) % 7 9 , 5 1 ( 9 1 s ir g g n
I 37(31,09%) ,BahasaSunda 1(0,84%) ,dan Bahasa y
a l e
M u 1(0,84%) . Kesimpulannya, interferensi yang pailng dominan digunakan i
n k a
y intefrerensil eksika ldan bahasayang pailngdominan mengintefrerens ibahasa a tr a k a J k e l a i d a i s e n o d n I a s a h a b h a l a d a S K P n a d r a k l o G a r a t n a k it il o p t a b e
d .Penu il s
n a k n a r a y n e
m bahwaktiasebaga iorang I ndonesiaharu sbenar-bena rmemperhaitkan k a d it a g g n i h e s t u b e s r e t a s a h a b i s k u d o r p m e m t a a s n a k a n u g a ti k g n a y a s a h a b h a d i a k . t u b e s r e t a s a h a b a d a p n a k a s u r e k n a k t a b i k a g n e m g n a y i s n e r e fr e t n i t a u b m e m n a g n e d a y n n a ti a k t a r e i n i a s a h a b n a k a s u r e
I
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1 .
1 Backgroundoft heStudy o s s e r g o r p e h
T f globailzaiton in ou r lfie g ets language ha s dynamic
f o s e it i v it c a e h t f o e g n a h c e h t h ti w g n o l a s e g n a h c s y a w l a e g a u g n a L . c it s ir e t c a r a h c
. y t e i c o s e h
t Becauseoft heprogres soft heera,t hesocietyi sdemandedt o beableto
e , s e g a u g n a l e r o m r o o w t w o n
k ven t hepeoplet ha t ilve i n rura lareaat l east should
r e t s a
m two languages ,mothe rtongue and targe tlanguage. The stiuaiton actually
e g a u g n a l f o e g n a h c e h t s e k a
m inthef ormo fno tonlydevelopingandbroadeningbu t
. g n ir e w o l o s l
a Indonesian i smore ilkely t o use t hei diom ‘no smoking’ hrat er t han
m o i d i e h
t ‘dliarang merokok.’ I na peirod o f itme, thenew vocabulari esappear da n
d l o e h
t vocabula ireswli lbel os.t tIi st heeffec to fwha twecalli nterference.
il i b f o e s u a c e b s r u c c o e c n e r e f r e t n
I nguailsm o r mulitilnguailsm which is
e s u a
c d by language contact . Language contac t comp irse s al l o f contac t even t
e h t y b s t n e m e l e e g a u g n a l f o e g n a h c e h t s e s u a c s e g a u g n a l e r o m r o o w t n e e w t e b
r t x e t n o c l a i c o s n i r e k a e p
s elated to the language contact . The prominen t
t c a t n o c e g a u g n a l f o c it s ir e t c a r a h
c i sbiilnguailsm o rmulitilnguailsm .I tmake scode
e g a u g n a l e r o m r o o w t f I . e c n a r a e p p a g n i x i m e d o c d n a g n i h c ti w
s s usedbyt hes peake r
g n ir r e f s n a rt a e b l li w e r e h t , y ti n u m m o c e g a u g n a l e m a s e h t m o r
f o fthe ce train
m o r f s t n e m e l
e thesourcel anguaget o t he t arget l anguage .A saconsequence o fthe
n e h t s e g r e m e e c n e r e fr e t n i , g n it p o d a e g a u g n a
l known a sphonologica linterference ,
n i l a c i x e
l terference , morphologica l interference and syntacitc intefrerence . The
s s e c o r p e h t h ti w e c n a d r o c c a n i s i e c n e r e f r e t n i f o s s e c o r
p o fcutluredfifusion known
a f o m e t s y s e h t s t n i a t ti e s u a c e b e c n a b r u t s i d a s a d e r e d i s n o c s i e c n e r e f r e t n I
t u b e d i s e n o n i e g a u g n a
l in anothe rside, intefrerence i sthe mos timpo tran tand
l li t s t a h t e g a u g n a l a p o l e v e d o t m s i n a h c e m t n a n i m o
d need sprogress .Interference
s e h c ir n
e thevocabulaires fo thet arget l anguage .Att hebeginning ti i sassumed a s
d r o
w borrowing bu tlate ri twli lintegrate to be a par to fthe receive rlanguage .In
,t s a rt n o
c therei salsoagrea tdisadvantaget o t hemaintananceoft het argetl anguage
e h t h c i h w n
i word swhicharer eplacedwtiht hewordsabsorbedwli ldie .
n o it a u ti s l a m r o f n i n a n i s r u c c o y ll a u s u e c n e r e f r e t n
I howeverinterferencecan
r u c c o o s l
a in a forma lstiuaiton i n which in t hi scase i toccurs i n a poilitca ldebate
m a r g o r
p held by TVOne .Poilitca ldebate i sone-hou rprogram which goe son
h ti w e n O V
T i n the talk show forma ttha tinv tie stwo parite swho wli ldiscus sthe
e d o s i p e h c a e n i s e m e h
t related wtih t hevision and the mission o fevery pa try ,hold
d e r e d r
o discussionbetweent wos peaker swhichr epresen teachparitesa swel la sgive
s e c n a h
c togiveopinions .
e t a b e d l a c it il o
P which i sselected a sthe data in thi sthesi si sthe disussion
e n O V T y b d l e
h on 18thFebruary 2009 i n which t hegues tstar sareboth Golka rand
r o t a r e d o m e h t d n a S K
P s are Tina Tailsa and Rahma Sartia .Both o fthem are big
i s e it r a
p nI ndonesiaandt hemoderator sarealsoexpeirencedpresentertoputt hi sdata
e r a e r e h t e c n i s s i s e h t y m o t n
i so many interference case stha toccur sbetween the
d n a s r e k a e p
s the moderator swho are ca tually educated people .I tprobably occur s
ti r o ir p s r e k a e p s e h t e s u a c e
b i zethei dear athert hant hegrammaitca lo fthel anguage
. d e s
u In fact thi smateira li srarely included a sprominen tsubjec tin educaiton
n i y lr a l u it r a p n o it u ti t s n
i iunverstiy .Therearesomanyhighlyeducatedpeopledono t
t o n o d n e v e r o e z il a e
r know t ha tthey frequenlty i nterferethe l anguage when t hey
e g a u g n a l a e c u d o r
Thei mpo tranceoft henaturallanguagei nasocietyandt hel es so ft heaciton
f
o society paritcula lry theacademiccomponent st so u estandard l anguagebecome
t n i o p n i a m e h
t o fthewrtiert ot aket hiss ubjec tmatte rtobethe itlteoft het hesi .s
e h t g n i s u a t a d s i h
T Bahasa Indonesia tha tinterfered by both loca land foreign
. s e g a u g n a
l I tmeanst hattheelement soft he l oca land foreign l anguage shave been
e h t g n it u ll o
p BahasaI ndonesiagrammaitcally.
2 .
1 Problemo fStudy e
h
T problem soft hes tudyaref ormulatedbelow:
.
1 Wha tist hetypeofi nterferencef oundi n poilitca ldebatebetweenGolka rand
1 n o S K
P 8thFebruary2009.
.
2 W hhi c typeof i nterference i sdominanlty found in poilitca ldebate between
1 n o S K P d n a r a k l o
G 8thFebruary2009?
.
3 W th a language stha t interfere the language o fpoilitca ldebate between
8 1 n o S K P d n a r a k l o
G thFebruary2009?
.
4 W hhic language tt ha interferet hel anguageoft hedatawhich i sdominanlty
n i d n u o
f po ilitca ldebatebetweenGolka randPKSon18thFebruary2009?
3 .
1 Objecitveo fStudy s m e l b o r p e h t o t d e t a l e
R oft hes tudyabove,t hiss tudyi saimeda:t
.
1 To ifndoutt het ypes ofi nterferencef oundi npoilitca ldebatebetweenGolka r
S K P d n
a on18thFebruary2009.
.
2 To find ou tthe type o finterference which i sdominanlty found in poilitca l
e t a b e
d betweenGolka randPKSon18thFebruary2009.
.
3 To ifnd ou tthe language stha tinterfere the language of poilitca ldebate
S K P d n a r a k l o G n e e w t e
.
4 To ifnd ou tthe language tha tintefreres the language o fthe data which i s
n i d n u o f y lt n a n i m o
d poilitca l debate between Golka rand PKS on 18th
9 0 0 2 y r a u r b e
F .
4 .
1 Scopeo fStudy
e h t f o e p o c s e h t s e k a m r e ti r w e h t , k r o w e t e l p m o c d n a p e e d a h c a e r o T
r s i h t n I .s i s y l a n
a esearch,t hewrtierf ocuse sondescirbingthei nterference inpoilitca l
e t a b e
d betweenGolka randPKS andt hel anguages thati nterferethedata.
5 .
1 Signi ifcanceo fStudy
:r o f l u f e s u e b l li w y d u t s s i h T
.
1 I’t sexpected t hatt he ifnding wli lbeusefu lfo rfu trhe rresearchert o makea
e r o
m posiitvecontirbuitont ot het heoryi nformaiton.
.
2 To give a bette runderstanding abou tinterference and the component so f
. e c n a tr o p m i c i m e d a c a e h t r o f y ll a i c e p s e e r e h t d e v l o v n i e g a u g n a l
.
3 Through t hi sresearch hopefully people give t hei rcont irbuiton for l anguage
I
I
R
E
T
P
A
H
C
E
R
U
T
A
R
E
T
I
L
F
O
W
E
I
V
E
R
s c it s i u g n il o i c o S 1 . 2
n o s d u
H i(n Hudson ,1996 :1 )deifne ssocioilnguisitc sa sthe study o f
g n i y l p m i , y t e i c o s o t n o it a l e r n i e g a u g n a
l i(ntenitonally)t hats ocioilnguisitcsi spar to f
s w o r h t ti h c i h w t h g il e h t s i s c it s i u g n il o i c o s f o e u l a v e h t ,s u h T . e g a u g n a l f o y d u t s e h t
r a l u c it r a p e m o s f o s c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t n o r o , l a r e n e g n i e g a u g n a l f o e r u t a n e h t n o
o i c o s , s t c e j b u s r e h t o e k i L . e g a u g n a
l ilnguisitc s i s parlty empiirca l and parlty
l a c it ir o e h
t – parlty a matte ro fgoing ou tand amassing bodie so ffac tand parlty of
g n i k n i h t d n a k c a b g n it ti s
d r a n r e
B (in Bernard ,1998:3) states tha tsocioilnguisitc si sa if feld o
d u t
s y t ha tstudies t he relaiton between l anguageand society ,between t he usa fge o
f o d l e if a s i tI . e v il e g a u g n a l f o s r e s u e h t h c i h w n i s e r u t c u rt s l a i c o s e h t d n a e g a u g n a l
d n a s n r e tt a p d e t a l e r y n a m f o p u e d a m s i y t e i c o s n a m u h t a h t s e m u s s a t a h t y d u t s
e r a h c i h w f o e m o s , s r u o i v a h e
b ilnguisitcs .Socioilnguisitc sha sbeen r ecognized a sa
, e g a u g n a l f o y d u t s c if it n e i c s e h t f o h c n a r
b socioilnguisitc sha sgrown upi nto oneo f
tr o p m i t s o m e h
t an toft hehyphenated ifeld sof ilnguisitcs.
s , y ll a c i s a
B ocioilnguisitc sconsist sof t wo words ,socio and ilnguisitcs .
m o r f d e v ir e d s i o i c o
S word “social” meansr elatedt os ocietymeanwhlie ilnguisitcsi s
g n a l f o y d u t s
a uage .Socioilnguisitc sconsider slanguage a sthe socia lsystem and
u d i v i d n i n A . y t e i c o s f o t r a p a e m o c e b t a h t m e t s y s n o it a c i n u m m o
c a lcanno tbeseen
u d i v i d n i n a s
a a l tha tseparated from other sbu the o rshe i sa membe ro fa socia l
s e s u a c t I . p u o r
g et h language and the use o flanguage are no tobserved from the
d n
i i uvid a l bu tthey alway sconnec tto the acitvtiy o fthe individua l in the society .
d u t s e n il p i c i d r e t n i n a s i s c it s i u g n il o i c o s , e r o f e r e h
T y tha tstudy the problem so f
a l f o y c a r u c c a n i e z i m i n i m o t e l b a e r a e w s c it s i u g n il o i c o
s nguage usagei n t hesocia l
.t x e t n o
c By understanding the p irnciple so fsocioilnguisitcs ,each o fspeakers wli l
e b t s u m t a h t n o it a ir a v e g a u g n a l g n i s o o h c f o y c a r u c c a e h t f o e c n a tr o p m i e h t e z il a e r .t x e t n o c l a i c o s e h t h ti w e l b a ti u s 2 .
2 LanguageContact
c it s i u g n il o i c o s a s i t c a t n o c e g a u g n a
L cricumstance where two o r more
e ir a v r o , s e g a u g n a l t n e r e f fi d f o s t n e m e l e , s e g a u g n a
l tie swtihin a language ,used
u m i
s ltaneosly o rmixed oneover t heothers .Form sof l anguagecontac thave been
. s r e k a e p s e h t f o s t c a s u o e n a t n o p s m o r f t l u s e r o t d e b ir c s e d o s l
a The study o f
f o s m r o f e h t s e s y l a n a t a h t s 0 5 9 1 d n a s 0 4 9 1 e c n i s d e p o l e v e d s a h t c a t n o c e g a u g n a l . n o n e m o n e h p e h t d n i h e b s n o s a e r t n e r e f fi d t s e g g u s s a l l e w s a s t c a t n o c e h
t Thecausa l
factor o flanguage contac tcan be divided into two they are d riect contacts at th
g n il l e v a rt h g u o r h t n o s r e p t e e m s e g a u g n a l e h t f o s r e k a e p s e h t e s u a c e b n e p p a h a i d e m s s a m e h t h g u o r h t n e p p a h t a h t s t c a t n o c t n a t s i d d n a n o it a r o l p x e r o s e it i v it c a e h t g n i y fi s s a l c d n a , g n i m a n , g n i y fi t n e d i o t s y a w t n e r e f fi d e s u s t s i u g n il o i c o S t d n a n o n e m o n e h
p he people involved in language scontacts .The term biilnguals
e m o s o t g n i d r o c c
a ilnguist smay beusedt o i ncludemulitilnguals whlieother smay
. e c n e r e f fi d p r a h s a h ti w e s u e g r a l y b d e z ir e t c a r a h c e n o y lr a l u c it r a p , t c a t n o c n i s e g a u g n a l f o n o it a u ti s A n u o m
a to fbiilngua linteraciton ,inevtiably leads t o the in lfuence o fone language
e n o n e h w t u b , s n o it c e ri d h t o b n i s r u c c o y ll a r e n e g e c n e u lf n i n a h c u S . r e h t o e h t n o p u r o f t n e u q e r f t s o m s i ti , e g a u g n a l e g it s e r p d n a y ti r o j a m a s t n e s e r p e r s e g a u g n a l o w t f o n a l s i h
t guaget oexer tamoreprofoundi n lfuenceont heminortiyl anguage .sI nsuch
.
2 3 Biilnguailsm
lBoomifeldde ifne sbiilnguailsmast henaitve ilkeconrto loftwol anaguages .
) 2 7 9 1 ( e n o ti
T fo rwhombiilnguailsmi st hei ndividua’l scapactiyt o speakasecond
n a h t r e h t a r e g a u g n a l t a h t f o s e r u t c u rt s d n a s t p e c n o c e h t g n i w o ll o f e li h w e g a u g n a l i s a r h p a r a
p ng hi s o r he r mothe r tongue.
(h ttp://catdril.oc.gov/catdi/rsamples/cam032/99012600.pdf) . Meanwhlie Mackey,
(in Asilnda 02 7 40 :2 )statest ha tbiilnguailsm i snotj us towned byan individualbu t
l o o t n o it a c i n u m m o c e h t s a d e s u o s l a s i e g a u g n a l e h t e s u a c e b y ti n u m m o c o s l a .s e it i n u m m o c g n o m
a According to Mackey ,biilnguailsm involve sin some case s
e d o c , n o it c n u f , e e r g e d s a h c u
s - swtiching , code- mixing , interference , and
. n o it a r g e t n
i eP ople who are having o rusing two language sespecially a sspoken
s e g a u g n a l o w t g n i s u n o s r e p a ; r e k a e p s e v it a n a f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c y c n e u lf e h t h ti w r e k a e p s e v it a n a e k il l o rt n o c h ti w d n a y ll a u ti b a h y ll a i c e p s
e calledbiilngual .s
il a u g n il i
B smi susua linmanypatr soft hewo lrdandt ha tpeoplei nt hosepatr s
ti m il d n a e g n a rt s s a n o it a u ti s r e h t o y n a w e i v d l u o
w ed .Biilnguailsm i ssomeitme s
e v it i s o p g n o rt s s a h t a h t g n i h t e m o s t o n , m e l b o r p l a i c o s d n a l a n o s r e p a s a n e e s t s i e c n e u q e s n o c e t a n u tr o f n u e n O . n o it a t o n n o
c hats omewesterns ocieite sgot ogrea t
h ti w g n ir b s t n a r g i m m i t a h t s e g a u g n a l e h t , e t a c i d a r e n e v e , e d a r g n w o d o t s h t g n e l a m n I . s l o o h c s n i e g a u g n a l n g i e r o f h c a e r o t g n i y rt e m it e m a s e h t t a e li h w m e h
t n y
a d f o t n e m e ri u q e r l a m r o n a t s u j s i ti , d lr o w e h t f o s tr a
p liy ilving t ha tpeoplespeak
.
2 4 Diglosia
m o r f d e v ir e d s i a i s o l g i
D Francediglossie, t ha tknown byC.AFerguson
n o t g n i h s a W n i ” s e g a u g n a l d r a d n a t s d n a n o it a z i n a b r u “ f o m u i s o p m y s a n i 8 5 9 1 n i n i , h c i h w n i n o it a u ti s e g a u g n a l e l b a t s y l e v it a l e r a s i a i s o l g i d t a h t s e t a t s e H . C D d y r a m ir p e h t o t n o it i d d
a ialect soft hel anguages( which may i ncludeastandard o r
, y t e ir a v d e s o p r e p u s d e if i d o c y l h g i h , t n e g r e v i d y r e v a s i e r e h t , ) s d r a d n a t s l a n o i g e r r e il r a e n a f o r e h ti e , e r u t a r e ti l n e tt ir w f o y d o b d e t c e p s e r d n a e g r a l a f o e l c i h e v e h t h c e e p s r e h t o n a n i r o d o ir e
p communtiy ,which i sl earned l argely forma leducaiton
y n a y b d e s u t o n s i t u b s e s o p r u p n e k o p s l a m r o f d n a n e tt ir w t s o m r o f d e s u s i d n a . n o it a s r e v n o c y r a n i d r o r o f y ti n u m m o c e h t f o r o t c e
s Simplydiglosiai sacondiitono f
o it a ir a v o w t e r a e r e h t h c i h w n i y t e i c o
s n so fa l anguage t ha t ilveside by sideand
. e l o r n w o r i e h t s a h m e h t f o h c a e .
2 5 CodeSwtiching
, d e s u g n i e b e d o c a e g n a h c y l e t a r e b il e d s r e k a e p s e r e h w n o it a u ti s a s i e r e h T e d o c d e ll a c s i e g n a h c e h T . r e h t o n a o t e n o m o r f g n i h c ti w s y b y l e m a
n - swtiching .
n o m
A g the severa lde ifniiton so fcode-swtiching ,the following two should give
s e m y H . t p e c n o c e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t d e d e e n y ti r a l
c ( in Made ,2010 :74) state stha t
e r o m r o o w t f o s u e t a n r e tl a r o f m r e t n o m m o c a e m o c e b s a h g n i h c ti w s e d o c a l f o s e it e ir a v , e g a u g n a
l n agu ge ,o revens peechs tyles .Appe ldeifne scodes wtiching
e h t f o e g n a h c e h t f o e s u a c e b g n i h c ti w s e g a u g n a l f o e s u e h t f o n o it a c i d n i e h t s a k a t a B n i e u g o l a i d a e k a m t a h t s r e k a e p s o w t e r a e r e h t e l p m a x e r o F . n o it a u ti
s n ese
m o c r e k a e p s d ri h t e h t n e h t d n a , e g a u g n a
l es .Thet hrid onei sthet hrid speake rdoe s
k a t a B d n a t s r e d n u t o
n n ese so t hefrist speaker da en t h second speake rswtich t hei r
o t n i e g a u g n a
u m d n a s l a u g n il i b y h w s n o s a e r l a r e v e s e r a e r e h
T litilngual s do code –
: e r a y e h t , g n i h c ti w s
.
a Thes peaker .
r e k a e p s e h
T s do code – swtiching t o get t headvantageo rbenefti . tIi susually
. k a e p s f o r e n tr a p s i h r o r e h f o p l e h r o f k s a o t r e k a e p s e h t y b e n o d
.
b The ilstene rort hepatrne rofs peak.
a c r e h r o s i h p e e k o t s t n a w r e k a e p s e h t y b d e s u a c s i
tI pablitiy equalt o t ha to f
. k a e p s f o r e n tr a p e h t
.
c Thechangeofs tiuaitonbecauseoft hepresenceoft het h rids peaker .
e g a u g n a l e h t o t d n u o r g k c a b e g a u g n a l e m a s e h t e v a h t o n s e o d r e k a e p s d ri h t e h T
.s r e k a e p s d n o c e s e h t d n a t s ri f e h t y b d e s u
.
d Thechangeofs tiuaitonf romf ormalt oi nforma landviceversa .
o i s s u c s i d c i p o t f o e g n a h c e h t y b d e s u a c y a m s i
tI n .
, g n i h c ti w s e d o c f o s e p y t e e r h t n i s tl u s e r n o it a c if i s s a l c l a c it a m m a r g e h T
g a t y l e m a
n -code-swtiching,i nter-senten ita lcode-swtichingandi nrta-sentenita lcode
-. g n i h c ti w s
.
1 T -ag code-swtiching
e d o c g a t
A -swtichinghappen swhenabiilnguali nse trss hor texpression st(ag )
n a e l p m a x e r o F . s e c n a r e tt u r e h / s i h f o d n e e h t t a e g a u g n a l t n e r e f fi d m o r f
a i s e n o d n I a s a h a
B biilngua lswtiche sfrom Engilsh t o BahasaIndonesia ,e.g.
? k a g g n a y , m e l b o r p o n , y a k o s ’t i
.
2 Inter-sentenita lcodes wtiching
r e t n
I -sentenita lcodeswtichinghappen swhen t herei sacompletesentencei n
r o F . e g a u g n a l e s a b a n i s e c n e t n e s o w t n e e w t e b d e r e tt u e g a u g n a l n g i e r o f a
n a e l p m a x
e Bahasa Indonesia biilngua lswtiche sfrom Bahasa Indonesia to
.
3 In rta-sentenita lcode-swtichin
a rt n
I -sentenita lcode-swtichingi sf oundwhenaword ,aphrase ,o raclause ,o f
ti w d n u o f s i e g a u g n a l n g i e r o f
a hin the sentence in a base language .Fo r
e h T . g . e , h c n e r F o t h s il g n E m o r f s e h c ti w s l a u g n il i b h s il g n E n a , e l p m a x e
. c it s e j a m y l b a v e il e b n u d n a e g u h y ll a e r s i , d n a r g t s e l i ,l e t o h
.
2 6 Code– Mixing
e d o c f o t p e c n o c e h
T -mixing i sused to refe rto a more genera lform o f
e d o c f o s e s a c e d u l c n i y a m t a h t t c a t n o c e g a u g n a
l -swtiching and the othe rform o f
n e k s y u M r e t e i P . s m e ti l a c i x e l e h t s e z i s a h p m e h c i h w s t c a t n o
c ( in Made ,2010:78 )
s e t a t
s tha t Iamusingt het ermcode-mixing t o refert o al lcase swherel exicali tem s
. e c n e t n e s e n o n i r a e p p a s e g a u g n a l o w t m o r f s e r u t a e f l a c it a m m a r g d n a
e r e h
T ares omedfiferences betweencode-mixingandcode-swtiching .Fristi n
e d o
c - mixing ,biilngua lspeaker sseem to apply some foreign word s swhlie the
s e d o c x i m o t d i a s e r a s r e k a e p s l a u g n il i b d n o c e S . e s a b e h t s a s n o it c n u f e g a u g n a l r e h t o
s e v l o v n i ti f i s y a s r e h t o n A . n o it a u ti s e h t s e o d r o n , s e g n a h c t a h t c i p o t o n s i e r e h t n e h w
a e n if e d e b d l u o h s t i , e c n e t n e s a r o e s u a l c n g i e r o f a o t n i g n i g n a h
c scode-swtiching ,
p o p u o r g r o s e s a r h p n g i e r o f f o e s u s e v l o v n i t i f i t u
b words ,i ti scode-mixing .
e b o t d i a s s i g n i x i m h c i h w n i , n o it a u ti s e h t f o y ti l a m r o f e h t s r e d i s n o c w e i v r e h t o n A
. a s r e v e c i v d n a e n o l a m r o f n i d n u o f
( a n it s u g A d n a r e a h
C in Chae rand Agusitna 2004 :151 )state why
e d o c o d s l a u g n il it l u m d n a s l a u g n il i
b – mixing,t heyare:
.
a Iden itifcaiton o frole .The measuremen to frole are social ,register ,and
.
b Iden itifcaiton o f vairaitons . Idenitifcaiton o f vairaiton s i s determined by
a u g n a
l gei n whichaspeake rdoe scode– mixing ,heo rshewillt akeaplace
. y h c r a r e i h l a i c o s a n i
.
c Code– mixingi sasignoft her elaitonshipamongt hes peaker .s
: e r a y e h t , g n i x i m e d o c f o s e p y t l a r e v e s e r a e r e h T
.
1 Inrta-sentenital codemixing
e d o c f o d n i k s i h
T mixingoccur swtihinaphrase ,aclauseo ras entenceboundary,
h c n e r F a n e h w s
a -Engilsh biilngua lsays :“ Istatred going ilke this .Y luego decla
n e h t d n a (
m o r f s i e l p m a x e r e h t o n A ” .s r e g n if y m t u o g n i m o c e k o m s e h t t a k o o l , ) d i a s e h
h g u a d r a
W (2009:108 )“Estaba rtainingparapelar” :“Hewa srtainingt o ifgh .t”
.
2 Inrta-lexica lcodemixing
a n i h ti w s r u c c o h c i h w g n i x i m e d o c f o d n i k s i h
T wordboundary,s uchasi n
ã p p o h
s (Engilsh shop wtih t hePanjab iplura lending )o rkuenjoy(Engilshenjoywtih
e h t
e r p i li h a w
S ifxku ,meaning t‘o’.)
.
3 Involvingachangeo fpronunciaiton
n e h w s a , l e v e l l a c i g o l o n o h p e h t t a s r u c c o g n i x i m e d o c f o d n i k s i h
T BahasaI ndonesia
h s il g n E n a y a s e l p o e
p word , bu t modfiy i t to Bahasa Indonesia phonologica l
e h t , e c n a t s n i r o F . e r u t c u rt
s word ‘srtawberry ’i ssaid to be ‘srtobe ir ’by Bahasa
a i s e n o d n
.
2 7 Interference .
2 7 1. De ifniitonofI nterference ( k r o t S d n a n n a m tr a
H inMade ,2010:95 )de ifneinterferenceast heerr ro
y
b carrying ove rthe speech habti so fthe naitve language o rdialec tinto a targe t
e g a u g n a
l o rdialect .Basedont hedeifniitonabove,t het ermi so irginallyusedt or efe r
f o h c e e p s e h t n i s r u c c o t a h t e g a u g n a l a g n i s u f o m r o n e h t m o r f n o it a i v e d e h t o t
u g n il i
b a ls and mulitilnguals sa t he effec to fthei rfamiilartiy wtih two o rmore
e g a u g n a
l s .Thedeviaitoni nclude scase so fusingasingleword ,phrase ,o rclauset ha t
h c i h w e g a u g n a l a f o d n u o s e h t s a l l e w s a , e g a u g n a l r e h t o n a o t n i e g a u g n a l a o t g n o l e b
d e c n e u lf n
i by the sound found in anothe rlanguage ,o rthe spelilng system usually
e h t , e p o c s a h c u s h ti W . e g a u g n a l r e h t o n a n i d e s u n e h t s i h c i h w e g a u g n a l a n i d e s u
e d o c h ti w g n i p p a lr e v o e b t s u m e c n e r e fr e t n i f o t p e c n o
c – swtiching ,code– mixing ,
d n
a wordborrowing .Weinre hic ( inAsilnda ,2007:66)s t s ate thati nterferencei st hose
r u c c o h c i h w e g a u g n a l r e h ti e f o m r o n e h t m o r f n o it a i v e d f o e c n a t s n
i when s ak npe i
t l u s e r a s a . e .i , e g a u g n a l e n o n a h t e r o m h ti w y ti r a il i m a f ri e h t f o t l u s e r a s a s l a u g n il i b
.t c a t n o c e g a u g n a l f o
f o e c n a tr o p m i e h t f o t c e p s a e h t m o r f e e s e w f i , y ll a u t c
A BahasaI ndonesia,t he
a e g a t n a v d a s g n ir b e g a u g n a l l a c o l r o e g a u g n a l t s ri f f o e c n e u lf n
i nd disadvantage .
n o it c e l e
S presen ton theneed consideraiton en irchs theBahasaIndonesia .Seleciton
e s i u g s i d o t d n a e l y t s r o f e ri s e d e h t n o d e s a
b word fel tnotr athe rdesriablet o t heea r
y r e v t o n e fi l f o s t c e p s a n i a tr e c m o r f e b y a m h g u o h tl a e l b a r u o v a f y r e v t o n t c a f n i e r a
e h t : e l p m a x E . e l b a r u o v a f n
u word butuh “needed” ha scaused ma ny rtoubles fo ra
d n A . l u f e t s a t y r e v t o n , s i t a h t , p u o r g c i n h t e n i a tr e
c Indonesiai sarleadyhast heword
’ n a k u lr e m e m ‘ y l e m a n ’ d e e n ‘ r o
f ,and wheneve rthe speake rwant ssomething very
e r p x
r e h t a r d e e d n i s i e c n e r e f r e t n i f o r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i v a h s r o r r e g n i n r e c n o C
e m o c e b s a h t a h t ti b a h a l o rt n o c o t y s a e t o n s i ti t a h t s i n o it s e u q e h T . d i o v a o t tl u c if fi d
o t y a w e h t : s t n e m e l e c it s i u g n il f o s l e v e l ll a t a t n e s e r p s i e c n e r e f r e t n I . d o o l b d n a h s e lf
r
p onounceawordo rasentence,t hewayt oconsrtuc taword ,t hewayt o consrtuc ta
n g i s s a o t y a w e h t , e c n e t n e s a d n a e s a r h
p themeaningo facetrainword .
e g a u g n a
L contac toccurs between Bahasa Indonesia and loca llanguages
t c i d a rt n o c f o d n i k a s n i a t b
o ion .Theones sidei obilgedt of oste rand developBahasa
a i s e n o d n
I which i st hel anguageo funtiyandtheof ifciall anguage .Thet askt of oste r
p o l e v e d o t d n
a BahasaI ndonesiai sanaitonalt ask t ha tmus tbeablet ocopewtihal l
e r a t a h t s r e tt a
m calculated t ocauseharmt oBahasaI ndonesia .A sanIndonesiantha t
y tl a y o l r u o w o h s o t e v a
h to ou rnaitona lcu tlure ,we are obilged to maintain ,to
d n a e g a v l a
s toperpetuatet hosepatr soft henaitona lcutlurewhereinarei ncludedt he
. e g a u g n a l l a c o l
h
T e role and the funciton o fBahasa Indonesia ha sgradually become more
r i e h t s s e s s o p o h w s p u o r g c i n h t e e h t n e e w t e b l o o t n o it a c i n u m m o c a s a e l o r s tI . y d a e t s
e h t m o r f e d i s a e g a u g n a l l a c o l n w
o BahasaI ndonesialanguagewli lbes moother .A sa
e g a u g n a l l a c i n h c e
t and a san i nsrtuciton l anguage i(nsrtuciton medium) t he role o f
a i s e n o d n I a s a h a
B language si increasing especially in ofifcia lmeeitng sand state
s t n e v
e .
2 . 7 .
2 Type sofI nterference
, e c n e r e fr e t n i f o m r o f e h t n o d e s a
B Weinreich i(n Chae r and Agusitna ,
) 0 2 1 : 4 0 0
2 devide si tinto four types ,they are phonologica linterference ,lexica l
c n e r e f r e t n
.
1 Phonologica lInterference y
g o l o n o h
P studie s how sound s are organized in paritcula r languages,
esitmologicallyconsist soft wowords ,phonemean ssoundandl ogo smean sscience .
d n u o s e h
T i scalledphoneme .Phonemei st hesmalles tuni tofs oundcandfiferenitate
r e h t o n a n i , g n i n a e
m word i tcan bedeifned as t hesmalles tand funcitonal l anguage
. d n u o s
n e h w s n e p p a h e c n e r e f r e t n i l a c i g o l o n o h
P thephonemeoft henaitvel anguage
t c e l a i d r o e g a u g n a l t e g r a t e h t o t n i r e v o s e ir r a c t c e l a i d r
o . Some expetr sdeifne
e n o m o r f n r e tt a p d n u o s r o d n u o s g n ir r e f s n a rt e h t s a e c n e r e fr e t n i l a c i g o l o n o h p
r e h t o n a o t n i e g a u g n a
l language.
n i ti r a e h o t s i y c n e d n e t l a r u t a n r u o , e g a u g n a l n g i e r o f a r e t n u o c n e e w n e h W
y lt n e r e f fi d r e h t a r t i e v i e c r e p y ll a u t c a e W . e g a u g n a l n w o r u o f o s d n u o s e h t f o s m r e t
e w e g a u g n a l n g i e r o f a k a e p s e w n e h w , y ll a u q E . o d s r e k a e p s e v it a n y a w e h t m o r f
o t d n e
t attemptt o do sousingt hef amiila rsound sand sound pattern so fou rmothe r
n e h w s d n u o s t i w o h m o r f y lt n e r e f fi d r e h t a r , y l e v it c e j b o , d n u o s t i e k a m e W . e u g n o t
. s r e k a e p s e v it a n y b n e k o p s
: e l p m a x e r o
F based on B iritsh pronounciaiton,t herearesomewordst ha tare
: s a h c u s r e n n a m t h g ir n i d e c n u o n o r p t o n
d r o
W Erro rpronounciaiton Goodpronounciaiton
r a
C /ka/r /ka/:
r a e
D / ə /r di / ə/ di
r o o
.
2 LexicalI nterference
s i x e l e h t n e h w s r u c c o e c n e r e f e r e t n i l a c i x e
L oft henaitvel anguageo rdialec t
. e g a u g n a l t e g r a t e h t o t n i r e v o s e ir r a
c Lexismeanst hevocabularyo fal anguage.
: e c n e r e fr e t n i l a c i x e l f o s e l p m a x e e m o s e r a e r e H
.
a Semalamguaker umahSanitt ap idiaenggakdir umah.
i s e n o d n I a s a h a B s e s u e v o b a e c n e t n e s e h
T a butt he speaker car ire sovert he
s i x e
l fo BahasaI ndonesiawtihdialec tofJ aka tra‘ gua ’and‘ enggak .’I tmean s
t a h
t Bahasa Indonesia wtih dialec t o f Jakatra on tha t utterance above
s e r e f r e t n
i BahasaI ndonesia.
.
b Merekaakanmarriedbulandepan.
e h t r e v o s e ir r a c r e k a e p s e h t t u b a i s e n o d n I a s a h a B s e s u e v o b a e c n e t n e s e h T
s i x e
l o fEngilsh ‘mar ired .’ I tmeanst hatEngilsh on t ha tutterance i nterfere s
. a i s e n o d n I a s a h a B
.
c Sudah ilmakal iawakdatangker umahnyat ap idia itdakada.
e h t r e v o s e ir r a c r e k a e p s e h t t u b a i s e n o d n I a s a h a B s e s u e v o b a e c n e t n e s e h T
s i x e
l o fMinangkabaunese ‘awak’ .I tmean stha tMinangkabaunese on tha t
. a i s e n o d n I a s a h a B s e r e f r e t n i e c n a r e tt u
.
3 MorphologicalI nterference u g n il f o h c n a r b a s i y g o l o h p r o
M isitcs t hat dstu i esmorpheme .Morpheme i s
m t s e ll a m s e h
t eaningfu luni tof l anguagewhich i sdevided i nto freemorphemeand
y g o l o h p r o m n I . e m e h p r o m d n u o
b , weanailzehowt heproces soff ormingwordsuch
t a x if a s
a ion,r edupilcation ,compoundingandin ifxaiton.
h c i e r n i e
W i(n Asilnda , 2007:75 ) state s tha t Morphologica l intefrerence
n e h w s r u c c
o et h themorphemeof t henaitvel anguageo rdialectcarryoverinto t he
: e l p m a x e r o F
.
1 Karenabegadangdiangantukdir uangkela .s
v o b a e c n e t n e s e h
T euse sBahasaI ndonesiabutt hespeake rcarire sove rpreifx
N- (Javanese) into the sentencei.n the word ‘ngantuk’ .The irghtes tform i s
. k u t n a g n e m
.
2 Diamenanyakapanu ijanakandliaksanakan.
r e v o s e ir r a c r e k a e p s e h t t u b a i s e n o d n I a s a h a B s e s u e v o b a e c n e t n e s e h
T preifx
n e
m - into t he word ‘menanya’ .Thi scasefrequenlty happens i n Sundanese .
.’ a y n a tr e b ‘ s i m r o f t s e t h g ir e h T
.
3 Neonisas ijalan-jalanprotokols udahhampris elesa.i
e v o b a r e k a e p s e h
T carire sove rsu ifx –sas i(Engilsh)i n t heword ‘neonisasi ’
a i s e n o d n I a s a h a B n i m r o f t s e t h g ir e h T . r e k r a m n u o n a s a n o it c n u f s a h h c i h w
.’ n a n o e n e p ‘ s i
.
5 Syntac itci nterference h
c i e r n i e
W i(n Asilnda ,2007:82 )deifne sSyntacitc interference as carrying
o t n i t c e l a i d r o e g a u g n a l e v it a n e h t f o n r e tt a p c it c a t n y s e h t r e v
o thet argetl anguageo r
. t c e l a i
d There i salso anothe rde ifniiton o fsyntacitc intefrerence .Chae r(in Chae r
t a h t s e t a t s ) 4 2 1 : 4 0 0
2 syntacitci nterferenceist heuseo fword ,phrase,and clauseo f
. g n i x i m e d o c f o e s a c e h t h ti w r a li m i s s i t I . e g a u g n a l r e h t o n a o t n i e g a u g n a l e n o
f o g n i m r o f e h t t u o b a y d u t s t a h t s c it s i u g n il f o h c n a r b a s i c it c a t n y
S words in a
. e c n e t n e s
e h T . e l p m a x e s i h t m o r f e c n e r e f r e t n i e h t e e s n a c e
W Bahasa Indonesia
‘ e c n e t n e
s Saya punya Bapak sakti ’hasi n lfuenced by Ambonese .Weknowt hatt he
‘ e c n e t n e s e h t m o r f d e r r e f s n a rt s i n r e tt a p c it c a t n y
“ e c n e t n e s f o n r e tt a p e h T . e c n e r e f r e t n i s i h t o d y lt n e u q e r f o s l a e s e n k a t a
B na
g n a n u a o d n a i h o r g n e a
n kin” i s rtansfered i nto Bahasa Indonesia become s“yang
” i d a t u k a a y n n a i k g n a t a d u a
m .Thepatterni nBatakneset ha tplacest heverbi nf ron t
h t s e c a l p t a h t a i s e n o d n I a s a h a B h ti w t n e r e f fi d s i y ll a u t c a e c n e t n e s e h t f
o everb atfe r
c n e t n e s r e h t o n A . t c e j b u s e h
t e tha talso contain interference i s“ aku perg ibelanja
i g a p i d a
t ” in which the syntacitc pattern i s rtansfered from the sentence “lao au
i g a p n i k g n a n n a n o r a
m ” .Thesyntacitcpattern ‘ pergi+verb’i sno tefecitvei nBahasa
r e v o s t e g t i e s u a c e b a i s e n o d n
I
I
I
R
E
T
P
A
H
C
D
O
H
T
E
M
O
F
R
E
S
E
A
R
C
H
1 .
3 ResearchDesign
n a d g o B . e v it a ti l a u q e v it p ir c s e d s i a t a d e h t e z y l a n a o t y l p m i t a h t d o h t e m e h T
( r o l y a T d n
a inMoleong 2006: )4 state squaltiaitvemethod i sde ifned ast her esearch
n e tt ir w f o m r o f e h t n i a t a d e v it p ir c s e d e c u d o r p t a h t e r u d e c o r
p wordsors pokenwords
r u o i v a h e b d n a e l p o e p f
o tha tcan beobserved .Srtau sandCorbin givet hedeifniiton
f
o Qualtiaitve research namely tii s iamed fort heresearch which t hediscovery i s
a c r e h t o y n a r o e r u d e c o r p c it s it a t s h g u o r h t d e n i a t b o t o
n lculaiton form ( in
s i h c r a e s e r e v it a ti l a u q e h t n i a t a d d e t c e ll o c e h t ,s s e l e h tr e v e N . ) 3 7 : 7 0 0 2 , n i d u s m a y S
ti r e v e w o h , n o it a l u c l a c h g u o r h t e z y l a n a o t e l b i s s o
p doe sno tsrtes son ti shypotesi s
f o y a w e h t h g u o r h t h c r a e s e r e h t f o n o it s e u q e h t r e w s n a o t tr o f f e e h t n o t u b s i s y l a n a
h t e v it a t n e m u g r a d n a l a m r o
f ought.Thi smethod i spossible to analyze something
s i h t t a h t s n a e m e v it p ir c s e D . s s e c o r p e h t f o t c e p s a e h t m o r
f thesi swli lcontain
a t a d e v it a ti l a u q e h T . s i s e h t e h t g n i v r e s f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t e v i g o t a t a d f o n o it a t o u q
. n a l p y r o e h t w e n e h t e t a e r c o t d n a y r e v o c s i d d e t c e p x e n u e h t n i a t b o o t s u e d i u g
ir p t u b , tl u s e r e h t n o s u c o f t o n s e o d h c r a e s e r e v it a ti l a u q e v it p ir c s e
D o iritze sthe
. tl u s e r n a h t r e h t a r h c r a e s e r f o s s e c o r
p Descirpitve qualtiaitve method i sused in
f o n o it p ir c s e d a g n i v i g y b s i s e h t s i h t g n it ir
w interference found in poilitca ldebate
2 .
3 DataandSourceo fData e
h
T d ataweret aken f romaprogramo fTVOnewhichi s itlted ‘ debatpoilitk ’
y a d s e n d e W y r e v e n o s e o
g a t7.30pm .The wrtie rselects the episode o fpoilitca l
e t a b e
d on 18thFebruary2009i nwhicht hegues tstar sarePiryo Bud iSantoso ,Ferry
n i n o s e o g n o i s s u c s i d e h T . h a z m a H i r h a F d n a , k i d i S z d u m h a M , r a d l a B t a d i y s r u M
. s n o i s s e s o w
t The wrtie rtake sthe whole dialogues tha toccu ramong the speaker s
) s r a t s t s e u g d n a s r o t a r e d o m , r o t a r a n
( a sthe data in tha ttwo sessions. The data i s
n w o
d loadedf romyoutubeon12thAp ir,l2012a t1pm.
3 .
3 Techniqueo fCollecitngData i s u y b d e ri u q c a e r e w a t a d e h
T ng documentary technique . Documentary
n i d e s u a t a d g n it c e ll o c f o e u q i n h c e t a s i e u q i n h c e
t socia lresearch methodology to
. s k r o w l a t n e m u n o m d n a e r u t c i p , g n it ir w s a h c u s a t a d l a c ir o t s i h r o f k e e s
y b d e tr a t s s a w h c r a e s e r e h
T selecitngt heepisodeo fpoilitca ldebate , ifnding
, e b u t u o y m o r f o e d i v e h t g n i d a o l n w o d d n
a watchingt hevideothenw iritngthewhole
s l l a f o s e u g o l a i
d peaker ,and identfiying and wiritng the sentences tha tcontain
e c n e r e f r e t n
i and ifnallyi dentfiyingt hel anguagest hati nterferet hedata.
4 .
3 Techniqueo fAnalyzingData
Int hiss tudy,t hedatawereanalyzedi nt hef ollowingsteps:
.
1 Identfiyingandclassfiyingt hes entence scontaini nterefence.
.
2 Classfiying interference into the more speciifc types ,they are phonologica l
d n a , e c n e r e fr e t n i l a c i g o l o h p r o m , e c n e r e f r e t n i l a c i x e l , e c n e r e f r e t n
i syntacitc
e c n e r e f r e t n
i .
.
3 Anailzing the data related to the theory and identfiying the language stha t
.
4 Calculaitng each type so fintefrerence and the language stha tinterfere the
. a t a d
.
5 Determining the mos tdominan ttype o finterference and language stha t
. a t a d e h t e r e f r e t n i
.
6 Converitngt opercentage sbyusingt hisf ormula
% 0 0 1 x N / x F = n
f o e g a t n e c r e P = n : e r e h
W interference etyp
f o y c n e u q e r f l a u d i v i d n i = x
F interference etyp
s e p y t ll a f o r e b m u n l a t o T = N
e g a t n e c r e p d r a d n a t S = % 0 0 1
.
V
I
R
E
T
P
A
H
C
G
N
I
D
N
I
F
D
N
A
N
O
I
T
P
I
R
C
S
E
D
1 .
4 DataDescrip iton 1
. 1 .
4 TheTypeofI nterferenceFoundi nPoil itca ldebateBetween S
K P d n a r a k l o G
e h t n i d n u o f e c n e r e f r e t n i f o s e p y t e e r h t e r a e r e h
T po ilitca ldebate ,they are
, e c n e r e f r e t n i l a c i g o l o n o h
p lexica l interference , morphologica l interference , and
e c n e r e f r e t n i c it c a t n y
s .
1 . 1 . 1 .
4 PhonologicalI nterference .
1 Data19 :“Nah sekarang inliah ktia ingin mau tau beran ingga ,percaya a
g g n i r i
d Golka ryang katanya akan mencapa itarge tsuara
i n i a ti k r a i b s e r p a c i a g a b e s u j a m r a s e b t a g n a s g n a
y jela sg ”. tiu
n o it p ir c s e
D : Based on wha tWeinreich say stha tphonologica linterference
s e ir r a c t c e l a i d r o e g a u g n a l e v it a n e h t f o e m e n o h p n e h w s r u c c o
t c e l a i d r o e g a u g n a l t e g r a t e h t o t n i r e v
o ,the speaker above od se
f o n o it e l e d e h
t phoneme/ h/i n t heword ‘tau’( Bahasa I ndonesia
) a tr a k a J f o t c e l a i d h ti
w .According t o t he t heory above, the data
f o e m e n o h p e h t h c i h w n i e c n e r e f r e t n i l a c i g o l o n o h p n i a t n o c
a s a h a B e s u h c i h w a t a d e h t o t n i r e v o s e ir r a c a i s e n o d n I a s a h a B
a i s e n o d n
I .The irghtestf ormi s‘ tahu .’
.
2 Data34 : In imaksudnya.. .baik !AdabangFahr id ibelakang. n
o it p ir c s e
D :Based on wha tWeinreich say stha tphonologica lintefrerence
s e ir r a c t c e l a i d r o e g a u g n a l e v it a n e h t f o e m e n o h p n e h w s r u c c o
t , t c e l a i d r o e g a u g n a l t e g r a t e h t o t n i r e v
f o n o it e l e
d phoneme /a /in the word ‘bang
