THEME AND RHEME IN TOBA BATAK SONG TEXTS BY VICTOR HUTABARAT.

THEME AND RHEME IN TOBA BATAK SONG TEXTS BY

VICTOR HUTABARAT

A Thesis

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in

Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

MAIDA

Registration Number: 8136112049

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

i

ABSTRACT

MAIDA, Theme and rheme in Toba Batak Song texts by Victor Hutabarat. Thesis: English applied Linguistics Study Program, Post Graduate School, State

University of Medan, 2016.

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ABSTRAK

MAIDA, Tema dan Rema didalam lagu Batak Toba oleh Victor Hutabarat. Thesis. Program Linguistik Terapan Bahasa, Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Medan 2016.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin. Praise and thank to the Almighty Allah SWT, for the

blessings and guidance to the writer so that the writing of this thesis can finally be

accomplished as it should be. This thesis is a scientific writing that has to be

completed in order to fulfill one of the academic requirements for the degree of

Magister Humaniora at the English Applied Linguistics Study Program; Post

Graduate School, State University of Medan. It has also shown the responsibility and

capability of the writer as an academician to be able to conduct a research that would

contribute to the development of scientific knowledge.

However, without the assistance of these following numbers of people who have

given valuable suggestions and useful influences on the writing of this thesis, it

would be much more difficult for the writer to finish her work. She is then deeply

indebted to these people and would like to express her sincere thanks.

The writer would like to deliver her grateful appreciation and gratitude to her first

adviser Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A.,Ph.D, and her second adviser Prof. Dr. Syahron

Lubis, M.A. for their great care, patient guidance, excellent advices, and precious

time in guiding her in the process of completing this thesis.

Her gratefulness also goes to the Head and Secretary of the English Applied

Linguistics Study Program, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. and Dr. Anni Holila

Pulungan, M. Hum for their kind support toward the prerequisites of the thesis

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Her sincere gratitude is also given to Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd, as the Director

of Postgraduate School at State University of Medan.

Furthermore, the writer would like thanks to Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning M.Pd, Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S., and Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. for their constructive comments and suggestions in advancing the thesis quality.

Her deepest gratitude and tremendous appreciations are presented to her parents,

Drs. Ismail Nasution and Asnah Saragih for their never ending support, care and love

to encourage her to learn and pursue her education to the master degree. To all her

beloved families who always pour her with all their compassion; especially to her

younger sisters, Balqis Reffinda and Nida Amalia.

Last but not least, the writer would like to thank all of her beloved friends in B4

Class, Applied Linguistics Study Program, Post Graduate School at State University

of Medan, Cika Ersika Puspita Dani, Bundo Marita Sari Sitanggang, Ika Cwantika,

Mia Fitri Tinambunan, Kak Lisna Rifka Diana, Nurul Hidayah Azmi, Kak Friska,

Rozy, Kak Muvidah, Buk Elmariyanti, Pak Karyanto, Dhea pudan, Teteh Geulis,

Rukiah in my living cost, Mr. Andre as our best friend and my beloved brother

Ahmad Rijan. Thank you very much for their time to discuss and exchange ideas

while working on the thesis as well as their prayers, encouragement and support.

Medan, September 2016

The Writer,

Maida

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1.5The Significance of the Study ... 8

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 9

2.1 Systemic Functional Grammar ... 9

2.2 Thematic Structure Theme ... 12

2.2.1 Theme ... 12

2.2.1.1. Simple and Multiple Theme ... 14

2.2.2.1 Ideational ... 15

2.2.2.2. Interpersonal ... 15

2.2.2.3. Textual ... 16

2.2.1 Rheme ... 19

2.2.3 Mark and Unmark Theme ... 19

2.2.3.1 Theme in Declarative Clause ... 21

2.2.3.2 Theme in Interrogative Clause ... 22

2.2.3.3 Theme in Imperative Clause ... 23

2.3 Thematic Developments... 24

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2.3.2. Linear Theme Pattern ... 26

2.3.3 Split Rheme Pattern ... 26

2.3.4. Zig- Zag Pattern ... 26

2.4 Clause ... 29

2.5 Information Structure ... 31

2.6 Ellipsis and Substitution ... 32

2.7 Language and Culture ... 32

2.8 Batak Society ... 33

2.9 Relevant Studies ... 34

2.10 Conceptual Framework ... 37

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 40

3.1 Research Design ... 40

3.2 Data and the Source of Data ... 40

3.3 The Instrument of Data Collection ... 41

3.5 The Technique of Data Collection ... 41

3.6 The Technique of Data Analysis ... 42

CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION . 43 4.1 The Data Description ... 43

4.2 Data Analysis ... 43

4.2.1 Pattern of Theme Structure used in Toba Batak Song of V.H... 44

4.2.2 Pattern of Theme Development used in Toba Batak Song of Victor Hutabarat ... 47

4.2.3 Thematic Structure and Development Realization ... 48

4.3 Findings ... 51

4.4 Discussion ... 51

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 54

5.1 Conclusion... 54

5.2 Suggestion ... 55

REFERENCES ... 56

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LIST OF FIGURE

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1 The Context – Meaning – Wording Relationship ... 10

Table 2.2 The example of Theme and Rheme Structure ... 12

Table 2.3 Types of Theme ... 13

Table 2.4 The example of Multiple Themes ... 17

Table 2.5 Components of Multiple Themes ... 18

Table 2.6 The example of Rheme ... 19

Table 2.7 The example of Unmarked Multiple Theme ... 20

Table 2.8 Marked and Unmarked Themes in Toba Batak Songs of Victor Hutabarat ... 20

Table 2.9 Theme in Declarative Clause ... 21

Table 2.10 Theme in Interrogative Clause ... 22

Table 2.11 Theme in Imperative Clause ... 23

Table 2.12 The example of rank ... 29

Table 2.13 Grammatical units ... 30

Table 2.14 The Example of Information structure ... 31

Table 4.1 Description of the Clause division of Selected songs ... 43

Table 4.2 Patterns of Themes in Toba Batak Songs of Victor Hutabarat ... 45

Table 4.3 Patterns of Themes Structure in Toba Batak Songs of Victor Hutabarat ... 46

Table 4.4 Pattern of Thematic Development types in Toba Batak Songs of Victor Hutabarat ... 47

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1CONCLUSIONS

This study focused on the theme and rheme in Toba Batak song by Victor

Hutabarat. It was aimed to find out the types the types of themes and rhemes used

in Toba Batak songs of Victor Hutabarat, to identify the patterns of themes and

rhemes in Toba Batak songs of Victor Hutabarat and to describe why the themes

and rhemes pattern as they are in Toba Batak songs of Victor Hutabarat. After

analyzing the data some conclusions are drawn as the following.

(1.)There are four types of Theme used in the Toba Batak Song of Victor

Hutabarat namely: Marked Simple Theme, Marked Multiple Theme,

Unmarked Simple Theme and Unmarked Multiple Theme. Marked

Multiple Theme is dominates in the Toba Batak Song of Victor

Hutabarat.

(2.)There are five types of thematic development used in Toba Batak Song of

Victor Hutabarat. They are constant theme, constant rheme, linear theme,

split theme, zigzag theme.

(3.)The realization of thematic structures in Toba Batak Songs are Marked

Multiple Theme take the higest or the biggest number of all four types, it

reaches of 47.05%, Unmarked Multiple Theme becomes the second one

by number 24 clauses with the percentage of 28.23 %; and Unmarked

Simple Theme is the third by number 17 clauses with the percentage of

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20 % and Marked Simple is the lowest number 4 clauses with the

percentage of 4.70 %.

5.2 SUGGESTIONS

In relation to the conclusion, suggestions are stoged as the following:

(1.)To the other researchers, it is suggested that this study could be further

expanded, elaborated and explored in other field in order to contribute the

analysis through the theme and rheme structure and their developments.

(2.)To all the readers, it is suggested to use the study as references for

understanding the application of theme and rheme structure and their

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