THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL (PBL) ON STUDENT SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL AND LEARNING OUTCOME ON HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM TOPIC
FOR XI GRADE STUDENT SMA NEGERI 5 BINJAI ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-2015
DHANIS KHAIRUNNISA (SID: 4113342003)
ABSTRACT
The research aims to know the effect of problem based learning on students’ science process skill and learning outcomes at human excretory system topic. This research was carried out in SMA Negeri 5 Binjai. This research used quasi experiment type with pretest-posttest control group design. Population is the whole students in grade XI SMA Negeri 5 Binjai on 2nd semester, consisting of three classes. Sample was taken using technique of cluster random sampling. The number of research sample is 30 students for experiment class and 30 students for control class. The data of learning outcomes is taken by using instrument test in form of multiple choice which has been tested for the validity and reliability, while the data of Science Process Skill is taken by using instrument test in form of essay question from sevent indicators.The data analysis used t-test, from the result of pretest calculation obtained the mean of experiment class is about 32.56 with deviation standard 8.46 and the mean of control class is about 31.16 with deviation standard 6.08. By testing the data both classes are distributed normally and homogeny, with tcount lower than ttable (0.06<1.023), therefore H0 accepted, means the cognitive of students before treatment are similar. During the treatment process experiment class was learned by using problem based learning model, while control class was learned by conventional learning model. From the result of data calculation there was differences of mean between the two classes, the value obtained of post-test are tcount is about 2.42 and ttable 2.001. Therefore can be concluded that tcount > ttable it means Ha accepted. By using t-test two tail seven indicators were tested. The result shows science process skill in problem based learning significantly higher than control class. By the other words it can be concluded that there is effect of problem based learning on students’ science process skill and learning outcomes at human excretory system topic in grade XI SMA Negeri 5 Binjai Academic Year 2014/2015.
vi
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL REVIEW 8
2.1 Theortical Framework 8
2.1.1 Learning 8
2.1.2 Understanding Learning Outcome 8
2.1.3 Learning Model 11
2.1.4 Problem Based Learning Model 12
2.1.4.1 The Definition of Problem Based Learning Model 12 2.1.4.2 Special Features of Problem Based Learning Model 15 2.1.4.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Problem Based Learning Modal 16 2.1.5 The Comparison Between PBL and Convetional Learning 17 2.1.6 The Defenition of Process Skill on Sciences 18
2.1.6.1 Science Process Skill 19
2.1.6.2 Purpose of Scince Process Skill 27
2.3 Hypothesis of This Research 30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 31
3.1 Location and Time Research 31
3.5.6 Instrument Test for Science skill Process 36
3.6 Research Procedure 39
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 45
4.1 Research Result 45
4.1.1 Result of Instrument Tes 45
viii
4.2 Science Skill Prosess 49
4.2.1 The Average of Science Skill Process 49 4.2.2 The Data of Scinence Skill Process in Class Problem Based Learnig 50
And Class Conventional
4.2.3 Normality Test For Science Skill Prosess 53 4.2.4 Homogenety Tes For Science Skill Prosess 53
4.2.5 Hypothesis Tes (t-tes) 54
4.3 Discussion 56
4.3.1 Learning Outcome 56
4.3.2 Science Prosess Skill 57
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 59
5.1 Conclusion 59
5.2 Recommendation 59
LIST OF TABLE
Page Table 2.1 Revisi Bloom’s Taxonomy= Cognitiv Domain 10
Table 2.2 Sintax of PBL 14
Table 2.3 Variety of Science Process Skill Type 21 Table 2.4 Science Prosess Skill and Indicator 24 Table 3.1 Group Pretest and Design Postest 32 Table 3.2 Specification of Human Excretory System Topic 33 Table 3.3 Tes Reliability Index Criteria 35 Table 3.4 Test Difficulty Index Criteria 35 Table 3.5 Table of Discrimination power 36 Table 3.6 Indicators of Science Skill Process 37 Table 3.8 Category for Learning outcomes 40 Table 3.9 Interpertation category of science skill process 41 Table 4.1 The Result of Pretes and Postest on Class PBL and Class 48
Conventional
Table 4.2 Deviation Standart of Science Skill Prosess in Class PBL and 50 Class Control
Table 4.3 Normality Tes for Science Skill Prosess in Class PBL and Class 52 Conventional
Table 4.4 Result of Homogeneity Tes on Class Control and Class Experiment 54
x
LIST OF FIGURE
Pages Figure 2.1 Learning outcome of problem based learning 16
Figure 2.2 Conceptual Framework 30
Figure 3.1 Research Procedure 38
Figure 4.1 The Chart of Comporison Betweet Pre-tes Result 46 Figure 4.2 The Chart of Comporison Betweet Pos-tes of Clas PBL and 47 Class Conventional
Figure 4.3 Science Skill Prosess in Class Experimen 49 Figure 4.4 The Comparison of Science Skill Prosess (Classification, 51 Interpretation, Prediction, Aplication, Planning, Communication,
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 10 Student Workshett Experiment 145 Appendix 11 Student Workshett Control 155 Appendix 12 Instrument of Learning Outcome 163 Appendix 13 Intrument Science Skill Prosess 171 Appendix 14 Rubrik Penilaian Science Skill Prosess 174
Appendix 15 Validity Tes 179
Appendix 16 Calculation of Tes intrument 180
Appendix 17 Reliability Tes 182
Appendix 18 Calculation of Reliability Tes 183 Appendix 19 Table of Item Discriminant and Difficulty 184 Appendix 20 Calculation of Discrimination Index 185 Appendix 21 Calculation of Difficulty Index 187 Appendix 22 Score Distribution Pre-tes Experiment Class 189 Appendix 23 Score Distribution Pre-tes Control Class 191 Appendix 24 Score Distribution Pos-tes Experiment Class 193 Appendix 25 Score Distribution Pos-tes Control Class 195 Appendix 26 The Calculation Average, Standart Deviation, and 197 ` Variance for Student Learning Outcome
Appendix 27 Normality Test of Research Data 200
Appendix 28 Homogenity Test 203
Appendix 29 Hypothesis Test 206
xii
Science Skill Process of Experiment
Appendix 33 Normality Test Science Skill Process 223
Appendix 34 Homogeneity Tes 229
Appendix 35 Hypothesis Tes 239
Appendix 36 List of Critical value for Liliefors 252 Appendix 37 Table of area under normal curve 0 ke z 253 Appendix 38 List of Presentil Value of Distribution F 254 Appendix 39 List of Presentil Value of Distribution t 256
