Hubungan Sifat Mekanik Dengan Morfologi Komposit Terisi Termoplastik Kitar Semula Bertetulang Gentian Dan Zarah Kaca -E

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IV

ABSTRAK

Tesis ini melaporkan keputusan kajian hubungan sifat mekanik dan morfologi

permukaan patah

komposit terisi adunan termoplastik kitar semula bertetulang

kaca -E. Komposit bertetulang kaca -E dibina dengan polipropilena (PP) sebagai

komponen utama matriks dan termoplastik terkitar semula

(TTS)

polietilena

ketumpatan tinggi (PEKT) dan polistirena (PS) sebagai komponen pengisi. Gentian

dan zarah kaca -E dengan peratus komposisi 15% ±l (% jisim total komposit!% jisim

kaca) digunakan sebagai fasa penetu1ang. Dua kategori sampel komposit terisi dengan

pelbagai adunan dan peratus komposisi (% jisim komponen utarna/% jisim pengisi/%

jisim kaca -E) berasaskan fasa penetulang dihasilkan iaitu meliputi adunan :

PPIPEKT-Klkaca -E, PPIPS-Klkaca -E dan gabungan PPIPS-K+10%PEKT-K!

kaca -E dengan komposisi : 100/0/15, 95/05/15, 90/10/15, 85/15/15 dan 80/20/15.

Keputusan ujikaji

secara umum menunjukkan komposisi adunan memberi kesan

langsung ke atas sifat bahan komposit. Nilai kekuatan tegangan

(c

a),

peratus

pemanjangan putus (e) menurun sedangkan nilai kekuatan hentaman cenderung kekal

dengan penambahan peratus jisim pengisi. Modulus kekenyalan komposit terisi (E)

pada komposisi 20% pengisi didapati merupakan had nilai yang mana kecenderungan

lengkungan kekakuan menurun di bawah nilai tersebut, dan sebaliknya meningkat

dengan penambahan peratus jisim pengisi. Fasa penetulang sangat mempengaruhi

kekuatan

hentarnan komposit.

Morfologi

permukaan gagal

diarnati dengan

menggunakan

kemikroskopan

elektron

imbasan

(KEI).

Hasil

pengamatan

menunjukkan morfologi permukaan patah terdiri daripada serakan domain butiran

pengisi dan lompang, dengan saiz semakin membesar dengan penarnbahan peratus

jisim pengisi TTS. Tetulang gentian kaca -E

dan

serakan domain butiran pengisi

berada dalarn skala mikro yang memberikan kesan ke atas sifat mekanik komposit

manakala saiz tetulang zarah kaca -E berada dalarn skala meso memberikan kesan

keatas nilai hentaman. Tiga struktur morfologi dipaparkan: (i) Matriks ko-selanjar

dengan serlahan tetulang zarah kaca -E pacta 100% PP, (ii) Carnpuran domain butiran

pengisi dan tetulang zarah kaca -E dan (iii) Campuran domain butiran pengisi,

tetulang dan gegentian dengan

penarnbahan peratus jisim pengisi kitar semula.

Mekanisme gaga! yang berlaku

dipaparkan sebagai pencabutan domain butiran

pengisi serta tetulang zarah kaca dengan meninggalkan kesan lompang atau putusnya

tetulang gentian kaca.

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v

SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTY

RELATIONSHIP OF E-GLASS PARTICLE AND FIBRE

REINFORCED RECYCLED THERMOPLASTIC

FILLED COMPOSITES

ABSTRACT

A study on the relationship of mechanical property and fracture surface morphology

of E- glass reinforced thermoplastic blend filled composites is reported. E- glass

reinforced composites were produced using polypropylene (PP) as the matrix and high

density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS) recycled thermoplastic as the filler

component. E- glass particle and fibre with percentage composition of

15%

±l

(%

composite total massl% glass mass) were used as the reinforcement phase. Two

categories of filled composite in various blends and compositions (% major

component mass/% filler mass/% E- glass) based on reinforcement phase, were

prepared, such

PPIR-HDPE/glass,

PPIR-PS/glass and

PPIR-PS+ IO%R-HDPEI

glass

with composition:

10010/15, 95105115, 90/10115, 85115115

and

80120115.

In

general,

the results of experiments show that blend composition has direct influence on

composite blend property. The tensile strength

cry

and percentage of elongation at

break

s

decreased while impact strength

I

remained with increased of filler.

The limiting filler composition on modulus of elasticity was at

20% wt%/wt%, below

which it decreased. The impact strength is greatly influenced by the reinforcement

phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the fracture surface

morphology. The results show that fracture surface morphology consists of domains

of dispersed filler particles and voids in which the particle size increases with

increasing filler percentage. E-glass fibre reinforcement and dispersed filler particles

domain on a micro scale have an effect on composite mechanical properties, while the

reinforcement size of E-glass particle did so on a meso scale, on impact values. Three

kinds of morphological structures are presented: (i) a continuous matrix with fibre

reinforcement at

100%

PP, (ii) mixture of filler particles and reinforcement domains,

and

(iii) mixture of filler

particles, reinforcement, and fibrillar domains with

increasing mass percentage of recycled filler. Failure mechanisms are presented as

the pull-out of the filler particles and reinforcement domain with voids where they

were left.

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