RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a partial Fulfillment of Requirements For Getting bachelor Degree Education
in English Departement
by RETNO ASRI
A 320 080 209
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
ii APPROVAL
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INTERLANGUAGE SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY OF STUDENTS LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN
SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 4 SURAKARTA
Research Paper
By: RETNO ASRI
A 320 080 209
Approved by Consultant to be Examined
Consultant I
Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum
Consultant II
iii
ACCEPTANCE
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INTERLANGUAGE SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY OF STUDENTS LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN
SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 4 SURAKARTA
Accepted by the Board of Examiner
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On
Team of examiners
1. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum (………)
(Chair Person)
2. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M.Hum (………)
(Member I)
3. Drs. Agus Wijayanto, M.A, Ph.D (………)
(Member II)
Dean,
iv
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of university, nor there are opinions and masterpieces which have been written or published by others, except those in which the writing are referred in manuscript and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this testimony, hence I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta, April 2012
v MOTTO
“You gota dream…you gotta protect it.”
(Chris Gardner)
“Don’t say impossible before you try doing it.”
vi
DEDICATION
With love this research is dedicated to:
1. Allah SWT thanks Allah always help me in every time.
2. My lovely mother I love you so much, you are my spirit in my life. Thanks for your spirit, pray and love for me.
3. Alm. My lovely father I miss you so much, I will make you proud with me. 4. My lovely brothers (mas Heri and mas Anzal) and my sisters (mba‟ Indri and
mba‟ Lastri) thanks for your spirits and prays. 5. My lovely nephew (vito Bratta).
6. My beloved boy friend (Tyo).
7. My consultants (Mrs. Endang fauziati and Mr. Sigit Hariyanto).
8. All of my lovely friends in “Wulandari Kost” (Attun, ucil, gendut, lek nur, Ida, Anik, Eva, and all of new crews Wulandari kost) You are my new family. 9. Our little gilr of Wulandari kost (Azianka)
vii
ACKNOWLEDMENT
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulilahirrobilalamin, praise to Allah SWT for the blessing
the writer in completing of this research paper. The researcher also received help for many individuals. Their loving help and kindness will always be reflected in this research. On this very special occasion, the researcher wishes to express her gratitude to those who helped her completing this research paper.
1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, the Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M.Hum, the Head of English Education Departement. 3. Prof. Dr. Endang fauziati, M. Hum, the first consultant for her patience in
providing continuous guidance, advice, suggestion and correction till the end of this research.
4. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M. Hum as the second consultant who has helped the researcher.
5. Teachers and students of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta who have given permission for the writer to conduct the observation in this school.
viii
7. My beloved parents: Alm. My father (Sutjipto) and my mother (Suyatni). My mother who is patient to see my finishing in this research paper soon and also for their love, pray, support, motivation, and everything.
8. My Brothers: Heri Setyo W and Anzal P who give me the color of life and supports me to finish this study.
9. My beloved sisters: Indri Astuti and Lastri who give supports and prays for me.
10. My beloved nephew: M. Vito Bratta.
11. My first, last and everything, Tyo. Thanks for the power of love, belief, honest, patient, times, spirit, support, and pray.
12. My lovely friends in Wulandari Kost thank you very much for your supports. 13. All of friends in F class community thank you very much for your helps. 14. All of my friends in English Departement 2008.
15. The students of SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta who have cooperated with the writer in conducting the research.
16. Last but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one have supported to reach her dreams.
She realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect because of limited capability. Thus, revision, suggestion, and structural criticism are hoped for the perfection of this work. She wishes this research paper would be useful and helpful to all readers.
Wassalamu‟alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, April 2012
ix ABSTRACT
RETNO ASRI. A.320.080.209. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF INTERLANGUAGE SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY OF STUDENTS LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 4 SURAKARTA. Research paper Teacher and Training and Education Faculty. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2012
This study aims at describing the types of susceptibility of interlanguage system in SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, explaining the source influences in student interlanguage and describing the frequency of influences in students interlanguage.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. In collecting the data, the writer uses elicitation technique and documentation. There are four steps to collect data, namely: the writer gives instructions to the students to write English composition, the writer reads every composition accurately, the writer writes again all of the errorneous sentences of students composition, the writer writes all the erroneous sentences into a list and used them as data.
In this research the writer uses descriptive analysis by Celce Murcia and frame work of Error Analysis by Shridar. the writer analyzes the collected data using following steps: errors Identification is the writer collects the errorneous sentences in students English composition appropriate with English linguistics rules,errors classification is the writer classifies the errors in students‟ composition based on linguistic category, strategy taxonomy outside, and also based on degree of mother tongue and target language system, calculation of errors is each type of errors is calculated to find out the total number of each type of errors and to get clear picture of the frequency of their occurrence, description of influences degree is the writer describes influences degree towards Indonesian system and English system reflected students interlanguage system, conclusion is the last step concluded from the research results to answer the problems statements in this research.
The results of the study is influence of target language in SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta greater (61.75%) than first language (38.25%) in the students‟ interlanguage system. From this, we know that students‟ interlanguage system is caused by the interference of the target language. Interlanguage towards infiltration of elements linguistic of the second language, it means that student‟s interlanguage influenced by second language (English).
CONSULTANT I CONSULTANT II
Prof. Dr. Endang fauziati, M. Hum Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M. Hum
NIK: 274 NIK: 567
Dean,
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
COVER ... i
APPROVAL ... ii
ACCEPTANCE ... iii
TESTIMONY ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii
ABSTRACT ... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ... xi
LIST OF APPENDIX ... xvii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A.Background of the Study ... 1
B.Problem statement ... 5
C.Objective of the Study ... 6
D.Benefit of the Study ... 6
E. Limitation of the Study ... 7
xi CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A.PREVIOUS STUDY ... 9
B.THEORITICAL REVIEW ... 12
1. NOTION OF INTERLANGUAGE ... 13
2. COGNITIVE RESULTED IN INTERLANGUAGE .. 15
a. Overgeneralization ... 15
b. Transfer of Training ... 16
c. Strategies of Second Language Training ... 16
d. Strategies of Second Language Communication .. 17
e. Language Transfer ... 18
3. APPROACHES TO THE DESCRIPTION OF INTERLANGUAGE SYSTEM ... 19
a. Selinker‟s Concept ... 19
b. Tarone‟s Concept ... 23
c. Ellis‟s Concept ... 23
d. Adjemian‟s Concept ... 24
4. CHARACTERISTIC OF INTERLANGUAGE ... 24
a. Systematicity ... 25
b. Fossilization ... 25
5. PERMEABILITY ... 26
6. NOTION OF ERROR ANALYSIS ... 27
7. PEDAGOGICAL GOAL OF ERROR ANALYSIS ... 31
xii
9. CLASSIFICATION OF ERROR ... 33
a. Linguistic Category ... 33
b. Surface Strategy taxonom ... 34
1) Omission ... 34
2) Addition ... 34
a) Double Marking ... 35
b) Regularization ... 35
c) Simple Addition ... 35
3) Misinformation ... 35
a) Regularization ... 36
b) Archi-forms ... 36
c) Alternating Form ... 36
4) Misordering ... 37
c. Comparative Taxonomy ... 37
1) Development Errors ... 37
a) Interlingual Error ... 37
b) Ambigous Errors ... 38
d. Communicative Effect Taxonomy ... 38
1) Global Errors ... 39
2) Local Errors ... 39
10. Source of Error ... 39
a. Inter Lingual Transfer ... 40
xiii
c. Context of Learning ... 40
d. Communicative strategies ... 41
C. TEACHING WRITING ... 41
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD A.Type of the research ... 43
B. Object of the Research ... 43
C. Data and Data Sources ... 43
D. Data collecting technique ... 44
E. Technique for Analyzing Data ... 45
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION A.RESEARCH FINDING ... 48
1. The Intervention of First language in the Students‟ Interlanguage ... 48
a. Lexical Level ... 49
1) Indonesian Abbreviation ... 49
2) Indonesian Word ... 50
b. Syntactic Level ... 51
1) Literal Translation ... 51
2) Misordering ... 52
3) Addition conjunction ... 54
2. The Intervention of Second language in the Students‟ Interlanguage ... 55
xiv
1) The words with the similarity in form ... 56
2) The words with the similarity in meaning ... 56
b. Bound Morpheme (-s/ -es) ... 58
1) –s/-es as Plural form ... 58
a) Omission of –s in Plural Form ... 58
2) –s/ -es as Singular form ... 59
a) Omission of –s in Singular Form ... 59
b) Addition of –s in singular form ... 60
3) Omission of („S) as Possessive Marker ... 61
a) Omission of („s) possessive marker in the Present Tense ... 61
c. Preposition ... 62
1) Omission of Preposition ... 62
2) Addition of Preposition ... 63
3) Misuse of Preposition ... 64
d. Article ... 65
1) Omission of Article ... 66
2) Addition of Article ... 67
e. TO BE ... 68
1) Omission of present BE as Copula ... 68
2) Misuse of BE in the present tense ... 69
3) Addition of present BE in present tense ... 69
xv
1) Misuse of use pronoun ... 70
g. Verb ... 71
1) The use of V1 instead of V2 ... 71
h. Misuse using of Have/ has ... 72
1) Misuse of Have ... 72
2) Misuse of Has ... 73
3. The Intervention frequency of the First Language to the Students‟ Interlanguage ... 75
4. The Intervention frequency of the Second Language to the Students‟ Interlanguage ... 76
5. Degree of the Intervention from both the Mother tongue and Target language in the students‟ interlanguage system 78 B.Discussion of findings ... 82
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 88
1. Related to the types of Intervention of the first language and the second language ... 88
B. Pedagogical Implication ... 90
C. Suggestion ... 92 BIBLIOGRAPHY
xvi 1. Frequency of influence of first language
xvii
