THE EFFECT OF IMAGE-BASED STUDENT WORKSHEET ON LEARNING OUTCOME IN HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CLASS XI SCIENCE STUDENT
OF SMA N 1 SIDIKALANG ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014
By:
Martalena Pakpahan SID 4103342019 Bilingual Biology Education
A THESIS
Submitted to Fulfill of the Requirement for Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MATHEMATIC AND NATURAL SCIENCE FACULTY STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
i Title of Thesis : The Effect of Image-Based Student Worksheet on Learning
Outcome in Human Digestive System Class XI Science Student of SMA N 1 Sidikalang Academic Year 2013/2014
Name : Martalena Pakpahan
SID : 4103342019
Study Program : Biology Bilingual Education Department : Biology
Approved by : Thesis Supervisor
Prof. Dr. Herbert Sipahutar, M.Sc NIP. 196106261987101001
Acknowledged by:
Head Biology Department Coordinator of Bilingual
Drs. H. Tri Harsono, M.Si Prof.Dr.rer.nat.Binari Manurung
NIP. 19642311990031018 NIP. 196404041989031006
FMIPA UNIMED Dean,
Prof. Drs. Motlan,M.Sc., Ph.D NIP. 195908051986011001
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and thanks the writer prayed to the Lord Jesus Christ, for all His blessing and love of His presence so that the writer can be completed this thesis properly and on time with entitled: “The Effect of mage-Based Student Worksheet in Learning Outcome at Human Digestive System Class XI Science of SMA N 1 Sidikalang Academic Year 2013/2014”.
This thesis was the result of scientific thought the writer built upon the theories that the writer gained during lecture. This thesis is intended as one of the requirements to obtain The Bachelor’s degree of Education (S-1) Biology Department State University of Medan.
This thesis could not have been accomplished without guidance, suggestions and comments from some people, thus the writer would like to extend special thanks to:
1. Mr. Prof. Dr. Herbert Sipahutar, M.Si., M.Sc., as writer’s thesis supervisor for his guidance, suggestions and willingness to accept the title of this thesis and to spend his valuable time in correcting and critic this thesis draft.
2. Mr. Dr. Hasrudin, M.Pd., Mrs. Dra. Meida Nugrahalia,M.Sc., and Mrs. Dra. Hj. Cicik Suryani, M.Si., as writer’s examiner for their suggestions and constructive criticisms for the revision of this thesis.
3. Mr. Drs. Alben Sianturi., the principal of SMA N 1 Sidikalang for his kindness to allow the writer in conducting research at that school. Mr. Ronald Pasaribu, S.Pd., Mr.Wahidin, S.Pd as biology teacher in SMA N 1 Sidikalang for their kindness to the writer in conducting research at their class and also all the students of class XI Science 1 and XI Science 2 that have participated during the research.
4. Beloved parents Ayahanda Jamson Pakpahan, S.Pd and Ibunda Kamsia Sinaga for all their care support and encouragement including their endless love and prayer for writer, that have reinforced the writer in finishing the writer’s undergraduate education. Beloved older sister Hiarohana Pakpahan, S.Pd., younger brother Daniel Nikson Pakpahan, David Fourson Pakpahan, younger sister Anna Lusiana Pakpahan, and youngest brother Roberto Nasibson Pakpahan and also my grandmother S. Lumbanraja, for their prayer,support, guidance and kindness to the writer. 5. Special friend in Manna Community Small Group, K’Henny Manurung,
Herlina Manalu, Lea Christina Ginting, Dewi Mentari Hutabalian, Helma Katarina Sihombing, and Tiara Linda Batubara for their encouragement and willingness to help the writer to complete this research and also writer’s friend in Bilingual Biology Class, Frendy Jonathan Sinulingga, and Melanie Putri Harahap for their support during finishing this thesis. 6. Special younger sisters in Strateia Small Group, Agus Evalita Silalahi, Eka
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Simangunsong, Sherlin Julinda Zega, and Dick Wanda Sitinjak, for their prayer and support during finishing this thesis.
7. Special partner of Lord Servant Koordinasi 2014 ( Lea Ginting, Sulastthry Butarbutar, Apriyani Simanjuntak, Berton Siahaan, Hertiana Manurung, Dewi Hutabalian, Tahando Girsang, Rina Rumahorbo, Rina Banjarnahor, Fretty Sinaga, Meyta Ginting, Reni Simanjuntak, and Oripa Sitohang), for their prayer, and support to finish this thesis.
8. Special thanks to older brother B’Ricky Doyan Sitinjak and B’Herdian Purba, for their suggestion, comment, support, prayer and motivation to the writer until finishing well this thesis. The last but not the least, thanks to all of my friends in organization INOPASI and El-Senyor Choir, all sisters and brothers in Biology Bilingual Department, State University of Medan for their motivation whose name can not be mentioned one by one here.
May the Lord show His mercy upon us, Love and Peace of Lord Jesus Christ always is with us. Finally with humility and respected, the writer hope this paper will be beneficial to contribute ideas in education.
Medan, September 2014 The Writer
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THE EFFECT OF IMAGE-BASED STUDENT WORKSHEET ON LEARNING OUTCOME IN HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CLASS XI
SCIENCE STUDENT OF SMA N 1 SIDIKALANG ACADEMIC YE AR 2013/2014
Martalena Pakpahan (4103342019)
ABSTRACTS
The objective of this study was to develop image-based student worksheet in order to solve the difficulties in understanding human digestive system and to know the effect of the worksheet on learning outcome of students in human digestive system that use worksheet as instructional material. This study was consisted of two stages. First stage, developmental stage, it was aimed to produce product which has assessed during validation process. Second stage, the implementation stage, it was aimed to see the effect of worksheet to learning outcome of students. Population was class students grade XI Science SMA N 1 Sidikalang that consists of 3 classes. Sample was consists of 2 classes which taken purposively, class XI Science 2 as experimental class (image-based student worksheet class) and XI Science 1 as control class (handbook class). Each class was contain 29 students. Instrument that used to collect data was multiple choice tests (20 items). From calculation, tcalculation (2,127) > ttable (1,673) (with α = 0,05 and dk = 29+29-2=56) its mean Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Results indicate that learning outcome of image-based is higher than handbook students. It can be concluded that image-based student worksheet is more effective than handbook as instructional media.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Ratification Sheet i
Biography ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Content vi
List of Figure viii
List of Table ix
List of Appendix x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Background 1
1.2. Problem Identification 3
1.3. Problem Limitation 3
1.4. Research Questions 4
1.5. Research Objectives 4
1.6. Research Benefit 4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1. Theoretical Framework 5
2.1.1. Learning Concept 5
2.1.2. Learning Understanding 5
2.1.3. Learning Outcomes 6
2.2. Student Worksheet 7
2.2.1. Definition of Student Worksheet 7
2.2.2. Types of Student Worksheet 8
2.2.3. Image-Based Student Worksheet (IBSW) 8
2.2.3.1. Characteristics and the Components of IBSW 9
2.2.3.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of IBSW 9
2.2.3.3. Utilization IBSW in Classroom 10
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2.3. Models for Development of Worksheet 11
2.4. Human Digestive System 12
2.5. Conceptual Framework 21
2.6. Research Hypothesis 21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22
3.1. Location and Time of the Research 22
3.2. Population and Sample 22
3.3. Type and Design 22
3.4. Research Instrument 24
3.5. Research Procedure 25
3.6. Instruments Testing 29
3.7. Data Analysis 31
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 36
4.1. Result 36
4.1.1. Student Worksheet 36
4.1.2. The Effect of Worksheet on Learning Outcome 38
4.1.3. Student’s Learning Outcome 40
4.1.4. Requirement Test of Learning Outcome Analysis 41
4.1.5. Research Hypothesis Test 42
4.1.6. Research Findings 44
4.2. Discussion 45
4.2.1. Worksheet Development 45
4.2.2. The Effect of Worksheet Implementation on Learning
Outcome of Student 46
4.2.3. Limitation of Research 48
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION 49
5.1. Conclusions 49
5.2. Recommendations 49
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LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 3.1. The design of study two groups (pre-test and post-test) 23
Table 3.2. Test Instrument in the Human Digestive System Topic 25
Table 3.3. Classification of Test Reliability 30
Table 4.1. The Differences of Pretest and Posttest value in
Experiment and Control Class 40
Table 4.2. Analysis Result of Normality 42
Table 4.3. Summary of Hypothesis Testing 44
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LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 2.1. Human Digestive System 13
Figure 2.2. Structure of Mouth 13
Figure 2.3. Types of Teeth 14
Figure 2.4. Location of Salivary Glands in the Oral Cavity 15
Figure 2.5. Peristalsis in the Esophagus 16
Figure 2.6. Parts of Stomach 17
Figure 2.7. Liver and Pancreas 18
Figure 2.8. Small Intestine 19
Figure 2.9. Human Colon and Parts 20
Figure 2.10. Conceptual Framework 21
Figure 3.1. Design Worksheet of Development Research 26
Figure 3.2. Chart of the Implementation Procedure Phase of the
research until to varying conclusion 28
Figure 4.1. Assessment Result of Worksheet by Material and
Learning Design Expert 38
Figure 4.2. Pretest Value in Experiment and Control Class
with Deviation Standard 39
Figure 4.3. Post Test Value in Experimental and Control Class 39
Figure 4.4. The Effect of Image-Based Student Worksheet on
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LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
Appendix 1. Syllabus 54
Appendix 2. Lesson Plan 55
Appendix 3. Pre Test- Post Test 62
Appendix 4. Answer Key of Pre Test- Post Test 68
Appendix 5. Validity Test Calculation 69
Appendix 6. Validation of Worksheet by Material Expert 71
Appendix 7. Validation of Image-Based Student Worksheet
by Learning design Expert 73
Appendix 8. Reliability Test Calculation 74
Appendix 9. Item Difficulty Calculation 75
Appendix 10. Item Discriminate Calculation 77
Appendix 11. Result of Pretest and Posttest Experimental Class 79
Appendix 12. Result of Pretest and Posttest Control Class 80
Appendix 13. Calculation of Basic Statistic 81
Appendix 14. Requirement Testing 84
Appendix 15. Hypothesis Test 86
Appendix 16. Research Documentation in SMA N 1 Sidikalang 90
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background
Educational problem that is often faced at the school is the low of student’s learning outcomes. The main problem in learning in formal education (school) today is the low absorptive capacity of learners. This is evident from the
low average student learning outcomes. The learning process until today still
provides the teacher dominance and not provides access for students to develop
independently through discovery in thinking process (Trianto, 2009).
Student achievement in school is often indicated with the problem of
learning from the students understand the material. This indication is possible
because of factors of student learning that are less effective, even the students
themselves do not feel motivated to follow learning in the classroom. As a result,
students are less or even not understand the difficult material that given by the
teacher (Daryanto, 2010).
According to Khanifatul (2013), instructional media can be used distribute
learning materials to stimulate attention, interests, thoughts, and feelings of
students achieve the learning objectives. Learning media requires tools for the
presentation, but the most important is the message or the information carried by
the media.
According to Sudjana (2006), in learning activity process, assessment for
learning outcomes often ignored. Usually, student learning outcomes marked in
score or value from the test. Commonly, learning outcomes can be seen from the
test result that given to student. From the result can said the student learning
outcomes is good in high score and low in low score. To get learning outcomes
well, teacher must arrange the good lesson plan and possible student to do the
learning activity. That’s the reason to see the effect of learning outcomes in this
research.
Human digestive system is the one of system that needs some images to
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that cannot explain only by sentences. The organs in human digestive system also
need the images to explain the structure briefly. The topic of human digestive
system is learned in grade XI senior high school. That’s the reason to do research
in human digestive system and the class XI is chosen as research object in this
research.
One alternative teaching material for self-study students are student
worksheet. Teachers much helped by the worksheet and students in learning
active in the class. However, there are worksheet that far yet includes many
activities that involve students and the lack of challenging activities for students.
The use of worksheets in learning is expected to contribute positively and time
effectively to the achievement of student learning outcomes. Worksheets can be
adapted to the needs of students in the class, making it easier for students to
understand the biological materials and help students in developing potential.
Teaching materials that can attract students, it is expected to enhance the students'
understanding and mastery of biological materials.
The classical teaching that uses the same teaching and learning for all
students would not be appropriate for the needs and personality of each student.
Therefore, it is necessary to find teaching system that opens the possibility of
providing instruction for a large number of students and in addition it gives an
opportunity for individual instruction. Among the variety of individual teaching
methods, teaching by worksheet is the most recent method that combines the
advantages of the various individual instructions such as specific instructional
objectives, learning according to their fastness, as well as a lot of feedback. Thus
the presence of the student worksheet is important in accessing the learning
motivation. Worksheet that the author designed to support learning motivation is
image-based student worksheet.
The application of image-based student worksheets as chosen in teaching
biology for human digestive system topic because worksheets are commonly
found in textbooks or other biology supporters, often just a series of questions and
without equipped with an image. Image -based student worksheet is designed as a
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concepts. Student worksheet contains images based on drawings and descriptions
are to be found solving the problems associated with real events in the
community. With image-based student worksheet is expected to motivate students
to learn, to overcome learning difficulties, provide enough practice, and bring
biology to the environment so as to change the paradigm of biology students from
the abstract into the concrete, theoretical biology becomes applicable, and science
Biology is hard to be easy, as well as biology lose its relevance to the real world
into the contextual biology. Based on the results of Teaching Practice Program
(Program Pengajaran Lapangan / PPL) in SMA Negeri 1 Sidikalang in August
until November 2013, it was to used that the learning outcome for grade XI
students in this school was still low. This fact is closely related to various factors
including the success of learning which covers how the concepts of biology are
taught to the students by the teachers. Based on interview with biology teacher in
the school, the teacher tends to use the lecture method in teaching and learning
activities. The tendency use of the lecture method may lead to less active students
in learning biology. Many students’ hearers only without any mutual interaction
with the teacher, thus making the learning process was boring. Most students are
not interested in learning biology because of the monotonous condition. Some
students did not ask about the material that is not understood. The source of
learning materials that used of school is less attractive students to learn biology. That’s the reason to do this research in SMA N 1 Sidikalang.
From the description above, researchers interested in conducting research
on “The Effect of Image Based Student Worksheet in Learning Outcome at Human Digestive System Class XI Science of SMA N 1 Sidikalang Academic Year 2013/2014”.
1.2.Problem Identification
Relation to the background above, so the problem identification in the
research is:
1. Lack of students in understanding learning materials.
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3. Students do not feel motivated to follow learning in the classroom.
1.3.Problem Limitation
Researcher limits the problem that will research:
1. The developing of student worksheet as the instructional learning resource
in Human Digestive System topic for grade XI science program SMA
Negeri 1 Sidikalang Academic Year 2013/2014.
2. The effect of Image-Based Student Worksheet to the learning outcome of
student for grade XI Science SMA Negeri 1 Sidikalang 2013/2014.
1.4. Research Questions
In this study, the research questions are as follows:
1. How to develop the image-based student worksheet as the new additional
learning resource media in the Human Digestive System topic for grade XI
science program in SMA Negeri 1 Sidikalang Academic Year 2013/2014?
2. Is the Image-Based Student Worksheet will effect the learning outcome of
student in grade XI science SMA Negeri 1 Sidikalang 2013/2014?
1.5.Research Objectives
Objective in this research is:
1. To develop worksheet as the new additional learning resource media in the
Human Digestive System topic for XI grade students in SMA Negeri 1
Sidikalang Academic Year 2013/2014.
2. To know the effect of Image Based Student Worksheet to the learning
outcome of student for XI grade students in SMA Negeri 1 Sidikalang
2013/2014.
1.6.Research Benefit
Benefit that want reached in this research is:
1. For teachers, they can use student worksheet on teaching and learning
process in the classroom.
2. For students, they can mastery the concepts in Human Digestive System
topic easier and also to increase the quality of biology learning materials.
3. For next researcher, can used as mind input material and developing
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1Conclusions
Based on the result research of image-based student worksheet in
human digestive system for grade XI Science SMA previously stated, and
then it can be concluded as follows:
1. To develop worksheet as the new additional learning resource media in the
human digestive system topic was conducted by researcher. Then validated to
material and learning design experts. The results of expert validation in
human digestive system topic by material and learning design experts
showing that: (1) material aspect (73.3%); (2) presentation aspect (66.67%);
(3) readability aspect (73.3%); and (4) graffiti aspect (92%).
2. The image-based student worksheet effect the learning outcome of student.
The result implementation of the worksheet on student’s learning outcome
can be concluded as follows: (1) The average of student’s learning outcome
by using image-based student worksheet was 79,48, and using student’s
handbook was 74,65 where as the average result had been reached minimum
criteria of completeness in that school. (2) The increasing of student’s
learning outcome in experiment class (image-based student worksheet as
instruction students) was significantly 6,47% higher than control class
(handbook as instruction students).
5.2Recommendations
Based on research findings outlined in conclusion of the study,
proposed some recommendation as follow:
1. For students, image-based student worksheet can be used to improve learning
outcome of student caused its systematic and attractive performance that able
to interest and stimulate students to learn independently then students are
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2. For biology teachers in SMA N 1 Sidikalang, image-based student worksheet
can be used as instructional material especially in implementing the learning
activities on human digestive system topic as an alternative to improve student’s learning outcome.
3. For researcher as prospective teacher in the next future, the results of this
study can be used as information source and feedback to increase information
and knowledge about the benefit of using image-based student worksheet as
