THE EFFECT OF GROUP INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUE ON
STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING
ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT
A THESIS
Submitted to English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the
Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
By:
FITRI AGNES MARSELLA RUMAHORBO
Registration Number: 2103121016
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
DECLARATION
Except where appropriately acknowledge, this thesis is my own work, has been express in my own words and has not previously been submitted for assessment.
I understand that this paper may be screened electronically and otherwise for plagiarism.
Medan, January 2015
Fitri Agnes Marsella Rumahorbo NIM. 2103121011
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ABSTRACT
Rumahorbo, Fitri Agnes Marsella. 2103121016. The Effect of Group Investigation Technique on Students’ Achievement in Writing Analytical Exposition Text. A Thesis. English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2015.
This study aims to discover the effect of Group Investigation technique on
students’ achievement in writing analytical exposition text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this study was the second (XI) grade students of SMAN 1 Galang. There were sixty-four students involved as the sample of the study. This study was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental and control groups. The result was class XI IPA 2 consisted of 32 students became the experimental group and class XI IPA 1 consisted of 32 students became the control group. The experimental group was taught by using Group Investigation technique while the control group was taught by using Conventional technique. The instrument of collecting the data was writing test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result shows that the value of t-observed (3.18) is higher than the value of t-table(2.000) (α = 0.05) with the degree
of freedom (df) = 62. Thus, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It means that Group Investigation technique significantly affects students’ achievement in writing analytical exposition text.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praise and great gratitude to the almighty God, Jesus Christ for the blessing, mercy, and guidance given to the writer in arranging this
Thesis entitled “The Effect of Group Investigation Technique on Students’ Achievement in Writing Analytical Exposition Text” as one of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan (S1) at English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
During the process of writing and conducting the research, the writer was assisted and supported by many people. This thesis cannot be accomplished without guidance, suggestion, and comment from them, for which the writer would like to express her sincere appreciation which directed to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Languages and Arts Faculty. Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department as well as her Reviewer.
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department.
Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M.Ed., the Head of English Education Study Program as well as her Reviewer.
Prof. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd., her Thesis Supervisor I and Mahmud Layan Hutasuhut, S.Pd., M.Hum., her Thesis Supervisor II.
Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S., her Academic Consultant as well as her
Reviewer.
All Lecturers of English Education and Literature Department, who
have taught and given her great study experiences.
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conduct the research in the school. And also for students in XI IPA2 and XI IPA1 for their intention and participation during the research.
T. Rumahorbo (†) and P. Sinurat, her beloved parents who have gave
her love, prayer, moral and financial support in completing her education.
Melda Rumahorbo and Joshua Rumahorbo, her little sister and brother. Murniati Sinurat, her beloved aunt who has gave her prayer and financial
support in completing her education.
All her close friends, Desy Hutabarat, Detha Sinulingga, Rawiyah
Damanik, Poppy Marbun, and also her chums, Santika Sihaloho,
Theresia Manalu, Evi Simanjuntak, and for Regular B 2010 who have
gave her support and nice friendship.
Finally, the writer hopes this thesis can give contribution to the English Education students and further pedagogical research.
Medan, January 2015 The Writer,
Fitri Agnes Marsella Rumahorbo
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TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT ... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ... iv
LIST OF TABLES ... vii
LIST OF APPENDICES ... viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. The Background of The Study ... 1
B. The Problem of The Study ... 4
C. The Objective of The Study ... 5
D. The Scope of The Study ... 5
E. The Significance of The Study ... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Theoretical Framework ... 7
1. Students’ Achievement ... 7
2. Writing ... 8
a. The Nature of Writing ... 8
b. Process of Writing ... 9
c. Types of Writing ... 10
d. Analytical Exposition Text ... 12
3. Technique ... 15
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4. Group Investigation ... 18
a. The Nature of Group Investigation ... 18
b. The Stages of Group Investigation ... 20
c. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Investigation ... 22
B. Conceptual Framework ... 23
C. Hypothesis ... 25
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF RESEACRH A. Research Design ... 26
B. Population and Sample ... 27
1. Population ... 27
2. Sample ... 27
C. The Instrument for Collecting the Data ... 27
D. The Procedure of Research ... 28
1. Pre-Test ... 28
2. Treatment ... 28
3. Post- Test ... 30
E. Scoring the Test ... 31
F. Validity and Reliability of the Test ... 31
1. Validity of the Test ... 31
2. Reliability of the Test ... 32
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CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. The Data ... 35
B. The Data Analysis ... 35
1. Testing the Reliability ... 35
2. Analyzing the Data by using t-test formula ... 38
C. Testing Hypothesis ... 39
D. Research Finding ... 40
E. Discussion ... 40
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 42
B. Suggestion ... 42
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Example of Analytical Exposition Text ... 14
Table 3.1 Research Design ... 26
Table 3.2 Teaching Procedure in Experimental Group ... 28
Table 3.3 Teaching Procedure in Control Group ... 30
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A Instruction for Writing Test ... 46
Appendix B Students’ Score of Experimental Group ... 47
Appendix C Students’ Score of Control Group ... 48
Appendix D Testing the Reliability of Pre-Test ... 49
Appendix E Testing the Reliability of Post-Test ... 50
Appendix F Calculation of T-Test in Experimental Group ... 51
Appendix G Calculation of T-Test in Control Group ... 53
Appendix H Table Distribution ... 55
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
As a global language, English plays an important role in human’s life as a
communication tool. In Indonesia, English is taught as a compulsory subject from junior high school up to university level in Indonesian educational system. This foreign language is important to be taught with the aims to improve the ability to absorb information and transfer knowledge and technology, art, culture in order to develop the relation among nations in the world.
In teaching-learning process of English language, writing is one of the most important skills which has been realized that it must be mastered by the English language learners. Bowker (2007: 2) states that writing is a skill that is required in many contexts throughout life. It is considered that writing is also as
the indicator toward the students’ success in learning English and their future
professional carriers. In writing, students are expected to present their personal judgments and evaluations about an issue based on their opinion and feeling. The aim of writing is to convey to the reader what the writers want to share. Therefore,
it is writers’ responsibility to ensure their writing as clear as possible because written language can be easily misunderstood.
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grammatical and rhetorical devices, but also of conceptual and judgmental elements. It means that in teaching writing, the teacher is expected to help students to write their ideas by using correct grammar, appropriate vocabulary and punctuation which are some indicators showing the success of writing.
According to Harmer (2004:31), writing as one of the four language skills has always formed part of the syllabus in the teaching of English. In the syllabus of English subject, students in senior high school are expected to master some genres of writing, such as narrative, report, recount, procedure, analytical exposition, and others. This study focused on analytical exposition text which is taught at the first semester on the second grade of senior high school. In writing analytical exposition text, students are expected to think critically toward phenomenon surrounding. They have to make that their idea is important matter and give arguments clearly.
Based on the writer’s experience at Teaching Practice Program (PPL) in
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To overcome the problems, the writer applied a cooperative learning technique in teaching writing. One of the cooperative learning techniques that will be used in this study is Group Investigation. Previous research has been conducted by Malau (2011) in MAS Jami’atul Alwashiyah Medan. Based on the data analyzing, the application of Group Investigation technique can increase students’ scores in each test. This technique significantly improved the students’ achievement in writing report text and the students’ self confidence in writing English.
Another previous research has been conducted by Syaifina (2012) in SMAN 2 Binjai which shows that there is an improvement on students’ achievement in writing narrative text through Group Investigation. This technique can help students in constructing narrative text based on the meaning and make the learning process enjoyable.
Based on two previous researches, the writer also applied Group Investigation in teaching writing analytical exposition text. The reasons for conducting this technique, they were: students got learning experiences by working in group, they were together analyze the characteristics of analytical exposition text, they were free to discuss and used many sources to support their arguments toward something in the case, and trained them to present their arguments in front of another group confidently.
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provide some evidence to support their opinion. By using Group Investigation technique, students are able to work together in a group to analyze the topic of writing in order to find more information from many sources and the characteristics of analytical exposition text. Then, they would write the analytical exposition text based on the generic structure and language feature of analytical exposition text.
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in learning process, that they are dependent upon the efforts of one another to achieve success, and they take responsibility for their own learning both as a group and as individuals.
From all the explanation, it was expected by using Group Investigation could help students become more active in the class. In other words, by using
Group Investigation in teaching writing, it could increase students’ achievement in
writing analytical exposition text on the second grade of senior high school.
B. The Problem of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problem is formulated as the following:
“Is there any significant effect of Group Investigation technique on students’
achievement in writing analytical exposition text?”
C. The Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is to investigate the significant effect of using
Group Investigation technique on students’ achievement in writing analytical exposition text.
D. The Scope of the Study
There are several techniques in cooperative learning that can be applied to
increase students’ achievement in writing analytical exposition, such as Jigsaw,
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and Composition (CIRC), Team Games Tournament (TGT) and others. Each of them has their own characteristics and functions.
Since this study focuses on analytical exposition text, Group Investigation is chosen as one of cooperative learning model in which this technique requires students to work together in a small group to investigate a learning topic. This study is limited to identify the effect of using Group Investigation on students’ achievement in writing analytical exposition.
E. The Significance of Study
The findings of the study are expected to be useful for:
1. The English teachers: as a valuable input to improve their ability in teaching writing and as an alternative technique to enrich their teaching technique.
2. The students: to improve their ability in writing analytical exposition text. 3. Other researchers: as a useful reference to do further research in improving
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Based on the research findings, it was discovered that there is a significant
effect of applying Group Investigation technique on students’ achievement in
writing analytical exposition text. Students who were taught by applying Group Investigation technique gave better results than students who were taught without applying Group Investigation technique (t-observed > t-table; 3.18 > 2.000; α= 0.05).
B. Suggestion
Related to the conclusion, some suggestions are pointed out as the following:
1. The English teachers are suggested to apply Group Investigation technique in teaching learning process, especially in teaching writing because this technique can help teachers to improve students’ critical thinking when planning and carrying out their investigation, so that they had idea to arrange their writing.
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