(Manajemen TL) What? Environmental Indices Why? Environmental Indices. Benefit?

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Environmental

Indices

(Manajemen TL)

Benefit?

What?

Environmental Indices

Why?

Environmental Indices

Benefit?

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• WQI numerically summarizes the information from multiple water quality parameters into a

single value

• The single value can be used to compare data

Role of Index

(Water Quality)

• The single value can be used to compare data from several sites

• It can be used to look at trends over time on a single site

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Quadrant

Analysis

Quad 2 _{Quad 3} 15 10 5 N C o n ce n tr a ti o n (N o rm a li ze d ) Quad 1 Quad 4 0 -5 -10 -15 N it ra te -N C o n ce n tr a ti o n (N o rm a li ze d ) Flow (Normalized)

PRIORITY?

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Impact

Population Size

Sub Catchment-1 (SC-1) SC-2 WWTP WQ? River SC-3 SC-3 NEW

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Impact

Population Size

DO 5 4.5 4 3.5 C o n ce n tr a ti o n ( m g /L ) 3 2.5 0 D O C o n ce n tr a ti o n ( m g /L ) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Population size (x1000)

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Total Maximum Daily Load

(TMDL)

When a lake or stream does not meet WQ Standard, a study must be completed to

determine the amount of a pollutant that can be put in a waterbody from point sources and nonpoint sources and still meet WQS.

nonpoint sources and still meet WQS.

A TMDL is used as a short hand acronym to

describe the process used to determine how much pollutant load a lake or stream can

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TMDL

(continued)

A TMDL is a written, quantitative assessment of WQ problems and contributing pollutant

sources.

It specifies the amount of pollutant reduction It specifies the amount of pollutant reduction necessary to meet WQ Standards, allocates the necessary pollutant limits among the various sources in the watershed and

It provides a basis for taking actions needed to restore waterbody.

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• Q-Value - indication of water quality relative to 100 of one parameter

• Weighting Factor - sets the relative

importance of the parameter to overall water

Parts of the Water Quality Index

importance of the parameter to overall water quality

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Q Value

• The Q-Value is an

indication of how good (or bad) the

water quality is Q = 50 water quality is relative to one parameter. • 100 = Very Good • 1 = Very Bad Q = 0 Q = 100 Q = 25 Q = 75 Q = 50 Very Bad Very Good Medium

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pH Q-Graph and Q-Table

pH Q-Value • 6.6 81 • 6.8 88 • 7.0 94 • 7.2 98 pH Q-Values 80 90 100 • 7.2 98 • 7.4 100 • 7.6 98 • 7.8 94 • 8.0 88 • 8.2 80 • 8.4 72 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 pH Q -V a lu e

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E.coli Q-Graph & Q-Table

E. coli Q-Value • 0 100 • 1 99 • 2 94 • 5 89 • 10 84 E. coli Q-Values 70 80 90 100 • 10 84 • 20 80 • 50 74 • 100 69 • 200 65 • 500 27 • 1000 30 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1 10 100 1000 10000 E. coli (CFU/100 mL) Q -V a lu e

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Weighting Factors

DO 0.17 pH 0.11 E. coli 0.16 Temp 0.10 Turbidity 0.08 DO NO3 Turbidity T Phos 0.10 NO₃ 0.10 BOD 0.11 Total Solid 0.07 Total 1.00 E. coli pH BOD Temp T Phos NO3

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WQI Interpretation

Water Quality Index Range Water Quality Rating 90-100 Excellent 90-100 Excellent 70-89 Good 50-69 Medium 25-49 Bad 0-24 Very Bad

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Example WQI Calculation

Parameter Units Result Q-Value Weight

Factor Parameter Index DO % Sat % 95 98 0.17 0.17 17.67 pH pH units 8 88 0.11 0.11 10.55 E. Coli CFU/100 mL 1750 23 0.16 0.16 3.94 Temp deg C 0 100 0.11 0.10 11.00 Turbidity NTU 10 79 0.09 0.8 7.07 T Phos mg/L P 0.2 50 0.1 0.10 5.50 NO3 mg/L N 0.4 91 0.1 0.10 9.12 BOD mg/L 6 36 0.11 0.11 4.34 Total Solid 0.7 Total 1.00 69.2 (?) WQI = 69.2

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Example WQI Calculation

Parameter Units Result Q-Value Weight

Factor Parameter Index DO % Sat % 95 98 0.17 0.17 17.67 pH pH units 8 88 0.11 0.11 10.55 E. Coli CFU/100 mL 1750 23 0.16 0.16 3.94 Temp deg C 0 100 0.11 0.10 11.00 Turbidity NTU 10 79 0.09 0.8 7.07 T Phos mg/L P NO3 mg/L N BOD mg/L Total Solid Total WQI = Quality Rating =

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• When a parameter is missing, the sum of the weighting factors that have data can be used to adjust the WQI

• Sum of the Parametric Index Values is divided

Adjusting for Missing Data

• Sum of the Parametric Index Values is divided by the sum of the weighting factors that have data.

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Calculation with Missing Parameter

Parameter Units Result Q-Value Weight Factor Parameter Index DO % Sat % 95 98 17.67 pH pH units 8 88 10.55 E. coli CFU/100 mL 1750 23 3.94 Temp ∆ deg C 0 100 11.00 Temp ∆ deg C 0 100 11.00 Turbidity NTU 10 79 7.07

T Phos mg/L P NM Missing data

NO3 mg/L N 0.4 91 9.12

BOD mg/L 6 36 4.34

Total 0.89 63.7

WQI = 71.6

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Environmental

Indices

(Manajemen TL) C O N T E N T S

Structure of Environmental Indices

Two general forms: increasing & decreasing index

Mathematical structure C O N T E N T S

Two general forms: increasing & decreasing index Mathematical structure

A Two-step Calculation

Sub-Index calculation

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Environmental

Indices

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Environmental

Indices

Sub

Sub----Index

Index

-

Linear Function:

C O N T E N T S

-

Linear Function:

Increasing & Decreasing, Segmented

-

Non-linear Function:

Implicit & Explicit, Exponential, Segmented

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Environmental

Indices

1. Penjumlahan tanpa

pembobotan

2. Penjumlahan dengan

pembobotan

C O N T E N T S

pembobotan

3. Root-Sum-Power

4. Root-Mean-Square

5. Operator Maksimum

6. Perkalian dengan

Pembobotan

7. Operator Minimum

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Environmental

Indices

1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan 2. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan

3. Root-Sum-Power C O N T E N T S 3. Root-Sum-Power 4. Root-Mean-Square 5. Operator Maksimum

6. Perkalian dengan Pembobotan

dimana atau dimana

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Function

Curves

C O N T E N T S

Linear (Increasing) Linear (Decreasing)

Segment-ed Linear Non-linear (Implicit) C O N T E N T S Non-linear (Explicit) Non-linear (Exponential)

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Environmental

Indices

1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan

C O N T E N T S

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Environmental

Indices

1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan

C O N T E N T S

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Environmental

Indices

1. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan

C O N T E N T S

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Environmental

Indices

(Manajemen TL) C O N T E N T S 3. Root-Sum-Power C O N T E N T S

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Environmental

Indices

(Manajemen TL) C O N T E N T S 4. Root-Mean-Square C O N T E N T S

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Environmental

Indices

(Manajemen TL) C O N T E N T S 5. Operator Maksimum C O N T E N T S

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Environmental

Indices

C O N T E N T S

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Environmental

Indices

(Manajemen TL) C O N T E N T S 7. Operator Minimum C O N T E N T S

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Environmental

Indices

1. Penjumlahan tanpa pembobotan 2. Penjumlahan dengan pembobotan

3. Root-Sum-Power C O N T E N T S 3. Root-Sum-Power 4. Root-Mean-Square 5. Operator Maksimum

dimana atau dimana

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Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)

(Air Pollution Standard Index - ISPU)

C O N T E N T S

The use of Environmental Index The use of Environmental Index The use of Environmental Index The use of Environmental Index

in Air Pollution C O N T E N T S

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Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)

C O N T E N T

S Number and Category of ISPU

C O N T E N T S

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Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)

C O N T E N T S Number and Number and Number and Number and Category Category Category Category C O N T E N T S Number and Number and Number and Number and Category

Category Category Category of ISPU

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Indeks Standar Kualitas Udara (ISPU)

C O N T E N T S Functional Functional Functional Functional Curve C O N T E N T S Functional Functional Functional Functional Curve

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Environmental Index

C O N T E N T S

in Water Pollution C O N T E N T S

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Environmental Index

C O N T E N T S

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Environmental Index

C O N T E N T S

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Environmental Index

C O N T E N T S

The use of Environmental The use of Environmental The use of Environmental The use of Environmental

Index Index Index

Index in Water Pollution

C O N T E N T S

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Environmental Index

C O N T E N T S

Index Index Index

C O N T E N T S

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Environmental Index

C O N T E N T S

Index Index Index

C O N T E N T S

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Environmental Index

C O N T E N T S

Index Index Index

Parameter Konsentrasi (Ci) Baku mutu (Lix) Ci/Lix (Ci/Lix)baru TSS 100 50 C O N T E N T S DO 2 6 pH 8 6-9 Fecal coli 2000 1000 BOD 8 2 Se 0,07 0,01