Perbedaan Inklinasi Insisivus Pada Pasien Maloklusi Klas I Dan Klas II Skeletal Dengan Pola Pernafasan Normal dan Pernafasan Melalui Mulut

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Kerangka Teori

Pola Pernafasan

Hidung Mulut

Posisi lidah normal

Posisi lidah lebih ke bawah

Postur kepala mendongak

Pertumbuhan rahang dan posisi gigi abnormal

- Inklinasi gigi insisivus maksila

- Inklinasi gigi insisivus mandibula

- Sudut interinsisal Postur kepala

normal

Radiografi sefalometri lateral

Analisis Steiner Pertumbuhan rahang dan posisi

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Lampiran 2

Kerangka Konsep

Variabel Bebas

- Pernafasan normal (hidung)

- Pernafasan melalui mulut

Variabel Tergantung

- Inklinasi gigi insisivus

maksila

- Inklinasi gigi insisivus

mandibula

- Sudut interinsisal

Variabel Terkendali

- Roentgen foto sefalometri lateral pasien

berusia 8-12 tahun

- Belum pernah dilakukan perawatan

ortodonti

- Tidak ada penyakit sistemik

Variabel Tidak Terkendali

- Alat dan teknik pengambilan

sefalometri

- Ras

- Faktor keturunan

- Pola pertumbuhan

- Kebiasaan buruk

- Maloklusi Klas II skeletal divisi 1

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Hasil Pengukuran Sudut SNA, SNB, ANB, I.NA, I.NB, I.I dan Ukuran Linear I-NA, I-NB Pada Sefalogram Pola Pernafasan Normal (Hidung)

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17 Klas II

skeletal 86.00 80.50 5.50 23.00 4.00 32.00 8.75 120.00

18 Klas II

skeletal 80.00 74.00 6.00 19.00 4.00 23.00 5.00 130.00

19 Klas II

skeletal 89.00 83.00 6.00 21.00 3.00 27.50 7.25 124.50

20 Klas II

skeletal 77.00 71.00 6.00 20.00 5.00 28.00 7.75 126.00

21 Klas II

skeletal 84.00 78.00 6.00 24.00 5.00 27.00 8.00 123.00

22 Klas II

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Hasil Pengukuran Sudut SNA, SNB, ANB, I.NA, I.NB, I.I dan Ukuran Linear I-NA, I-NB Pada Sefalogram Pola Pernafasan Melalui Mulut.

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38 Klas II

skeletal 82.00 76.00 6.00 21.00 4.00 25.00 8.00 127.00

39 Klas II

skeletal 78.00 71.00 7.50 23.00 4.00 32.00 8.75 120.00

40 Klas II

skeletal 85.00 80.00 5.00 19.00 4.00 23.00 5.00 130.00

41 Klas II

skeletal 82.50 75.50 7.00 21.00 3.00 27.50 7.25 124.50

42 Klas II

skeletal 84.00 76.00 8.00 20.00 5.00 28.00 7.75 126.00

43 Klas II

skeletal 86.00 79.00 7.00 24.00 5.00 27.00 8.00 123.00

44 Klas II

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Distribusi nilai rerata derajat I.NA, I.NB, I,I dan ukuran linear I-NA, I-NB antara pola pernafasan normal (melalui hidung) dan pernafasan melalui mulut

pada maloklusi Klas I skeletal

Group Statistics

Polapernafasan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

I.NA.derajat Melalui hidung 11 23.7727 2.02007 .60907

Melalui mulut 15 29.0333 2.92902 .75627

I.NA.linear Melalui hidung 11 5.1136 1.08607 .32746

Melalui mulut 15 7.4667 2.18327 .56372

I.NB.derajat Melalui hidung 11 25.8182 3.27508 .98747

Melalui mulut 15 28.1000 2.46909 .63752

I.NB.linear Melalui hidung 11 6.2955 1.83309 .55270

Melalui mulut 15 6.7833 1.20218 .31040

I.I Melalui hidung 11 127.0227 4.50202 1.35741

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Lampiran 6

Hasil perhitungan statistik uji-t Independen terhadap nilai I.NA, I-NA, I.NB, I-NB dan I.I antara pola pernafasan normal (melalui hidung) dan pernafasan

melalui mulut pada maloklusi Klas I skeletal

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for

Equality of

Variances t-test for Equality of Means

F Sig. t Df

95% Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

I.NA Equal variances

assumed

.564 .460 -5.118 24 .000 -5.26061 1.02787 -7.38202 -3.13919

Equal variances

not assumed

-5.418 23.947 .000 -5.26061 .97104 -7.26497 -3.25625

I-NA Equal variances

assumed

4.568 .043 -3.277 24 .003 -2.35303 .71805 -3.83501 -.87105

Equal variances

not assumed

-3.609 21.599 .002 -2.35303 .65193 -3.70650 -.99956

I.NB Equal variances

assumed

1.084 .308 -2.029 24 .054 -2.28182 1.12455 -4.60278 .03915

Equal variances

not assumed

-1.941 17.857 .068 -2.28182 1.17539 -4.75263 .18899

I-NB Equal variances

assumed

5.360 .029 -.821 24 .420 -.48788 .59453 -1.71493 .73917

Equal variances

not assumed

-.770 16.155 .453 -.48788 .63390 -1.83063 .85487

I.I Equal variances

assumed

.099 .756 3.746 24 .001 6.55606 1.75018 2.94386 10.16826

Equal variances

not assumed

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Distribusi nilai rerata derajat I.NA, I.NB, I,I dan ukuran linear I-NA, I-NB antara pola pernafasan normal (melalui hidung) dan pernafasan melalui mulut

pada maloklusi Klas II skeletal

Polapernafasan N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

I.NA.derajat Melalui hidung 11 22.1136 2.60616 .78579

Melalui mulut 7 27.3214 2.36165 .89262

I.NA.linear Melalui hidung 11 4.5909 1.24133 .37428

Melalui mulut 7 5.3571 .80178 .30305

I.NB.derajat Melalui hidung 11 27.1818 3.23475 .97532

Melalui mulut 7 30.1429 2.54484 .96186

I.NB.linear Melalui hidung 11 6.9091 1.52181 .45884

Melalui mulut 7 8.6071 1.71912 .64976

I.I Melalui hidung 11 124.0909 5.06985 1.52862

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Lampiran 8

Hasil perhitungan statistik uji-t Independen terhadap nilai I.NA, I-NA, I.NB, I-NB dan I.I antara pola pernafasan normal (melalui hidung) dan pernafasan

melalui mulut pada maloklusi Klas II skeletal

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for

Equality of

Variances t-test for Equality of Means

F Sig. t df

95% Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

I.NA Equal variances

assumed

.711 .411 -4.279 16 .001 -5.20779 1.21707 -7.78788 -2.62771

Equal variances

not assumed

-4.379 13.896 .001 -5.20779 1.18921 -7.76020 -2.65539

I-NA Equal variances

assumed

2.108 .166 -1.444 16 .168 -.76623 .53055 -1.89096 .35849

Equal variances

not assumed

-1.591 15.970 .131 -.76623 .48158 -1.78729 .25483

I.NB Equal variances

assumed

.204 .657 -2.045 16 .058 -2.96104 1.44793 -6.03051 .10843

Equal variances

not assumed

-2.162 15.102 .047 -2.96104 1.36982 -5.87903 -.04305

I-NB Equal variances

assumed

.001 .978 -2.197 16 .043 -1.69805 .77294 -3.33661 -.05949

Equal variances

not assumed

-2.135 11.726 .055 -1.69805 .79544 -3.43567 .03957

I.I Equal variances

assumed

.008 .928 2.749 16 .014 7.01948 2.55376 1.60575 12.43321

Equal variances

not assumed

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Hasil Uji Statistik Shapiro-Wilk Terhadap Distribusi Nilai Derajat I.NA, I.NB, I.I dan Ukuran Linear I-NA, I-NB Pada Pola Pernafasan Normal (Hidung) dan

Pernafasan Melalui Mulut

Tests of Normality

Pola Pernafasan

Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig.

I.NA Melalui hidung .928 11 .387

Melalui mulut .976 15 .933

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

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Pola Pernafasan

Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig.

I-NA Melalui hidung .913 11 .263

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*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

Pola Pernafasan Statistic Df Sig.

I.NB Melalui hidung .978 11 .951

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Pola Pernafasan

Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig.

I-NB Melalui hidung .900 11 .182

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Pola Pernafasan Statistic Df Sig.

I.I Melalui hidung .889 11 .135

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Lampiran 10

Distribusi Nilai Rerata Derajat I.NA, I.NB, I.I dan Ukuran Linear I-NA, I-NB Antara Maloklusi Klas I dan Klas II Skeletal Pada Pola Pernafasan Normal

(Hidung) Dan Pernafasan Melalui Mulut

KlasifikasiKlas N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

I.NA Klas I skeletal 26 26.8077 3.66900 .71955

Klas II skeletal 18 24.1389 3.57609 .84289

I-NA Klas I skeletal 26 6.4712 2.13228 .41818

Klas II skeletal 18 4.8889 1.13183 .26678

I.NB Klas I skeletal 26 27.1346 3.00436 .58920

Klas II skeletal 18 28.3333 3.26298 .76909

I-NB Klas I skeletal 26 6.5769 1.48790 .29180

Klas II skeletal 18 7.5694 1.76944 .41706

I.I Klas I skeletal 26 123.2404 5.43805 1.06649

Klas II skeletal 18 121.3611 6.21740 1.46545

PolaPernafasan Klas I skeletal 26 1.58 .504 .099

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I-NB dan I.I Antara Maloklusi Klas I dan Klas II Skeletal Pada Pola Pernafasan Normal (Hidung) dan

Pernafasan Melalui Mulut

Levene's Test for

Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means

F Sig. t df

Sig.

(2-tailed) Mean Difference

Std. Error

Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

I.NA Equal variances assumed .002 .962 2.397 42 .021 2.66880 1.11355 .42156 4.91604

Equal variances not

assumed

2.408 37.326 .021 2.66880 1.10825 .42394 4.91367

I-NA Equal variances assumed 3.342 .075 2.874 42 .006 1.58226 .55063 .47105 2.69348

Equal variances not

assumed

3.190 39.796 .003 1.58226 .49602 .57960 2.58493

I.NB Equal variances assumed .193 .663 -1.256 42 .216 -1.19872 .95409 -3.12416 .72672

Equal variances not

assumed

-1.237 34.686 .224 -1.19872 .96885 -3.16622 .76878

I-NB Equal variances assumed .587 .448 -2.013 42 .051 -.99252 .49299 -1.98741 .00237

Equal variances not

assumed

-1.950 32.433 .060 -.99252 .50901 -2.02879 .04375

I.I Equal variances assumed .895 .350 1.063 42 .294 1.87927 1.76805 -1.68879 5.44733

Equal variances not

assumed

1.037 33.404 .307 1.87927 1.81245 -1.80648 5.56503

Pola Pernafasan Equal variances assumed .204 .654 1.219 42 .230 .188 .154 -.123 .499

Equal variances not

assumed

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