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UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT ORAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SRIKAYA (Annona squamosa L.) TERHADAP MENCIT (Mus musculus)
ABSTRAK
Srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) termasuk ke dalam suku Annonaceae. Daun srikaya memiliki khasiat dalam pengobatan sebagai antioksidan, antibakteri, antidiabetes, antihiperlipidemia dan heptoprotektor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui toksisitas akut ekstrak etanol daun srikaya dengan menentukan LD50 serta pengaruhnya terhadap histopatologi hati dan ginjal.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental yaitu metode fixed dose, dilakukan secara in vivo menggunakan mencit betina berjumlah 20 ekor. Uji dibagi menjadi dua tahapan, yaitu uji pendahuluan dan uji utama. Uji pendahuluan terdiri dari 5 kelompok, yang masing–masing kelompok terdiri dari 1 ekor mencit. Kelompok kontrol (K) diberi Na-CMC 0,5%, kelompok uji (P) diberi ekstrak etanol daun srikaya dengan dosis 5, 50, 300, dan 2000 mg/kg bb. Selanjutnya uji utama terdiri dari 3 kelompok yang masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok kontrol (K) diberi Na-CMC 0,5%, kelompok uji (P) diberi ekstrak etanol daun srikaya dengan dosis 2000 dan 5000 mg/kg bb. Pengamatan terhadap gejala toksik, berat badan, kematian, pemeriksaan makropatologi, berat organ relatif serta histopatologi hati dan ginjal mencit dilakukan selama 14 hari. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik dengan metode one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc tukey menggunakan statistical product and service solution (SPSS) versi 17.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) dosis 2000 dan 5000 mg/kg bb tidak menimbulkan gejala toksik pada mencit. Pada dosis 5000 mg/kg bb menyebabkan perubahan pada jaringan hati dan ginjal, yaitu terjadinya degenerasi hidropik dan nekrosis pada hepatosit serta terjadinya atrofi glomerulus dan lumen tubulus ginjal tetapi tidak menyebabkan kematian, sehingga diperkirakan bahwa LD50 ekstrak etanol daun
srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) > 5000 mg/kg bb dan termasuk dalam kriteria praktis tidak toksik.
Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun srikaya tidak memiliki potensi ketoksikan akut terhadap mencit.
Kata kunci : Annona squamosa L., ekstrak etanol, toksisitas akut
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STUDY ON ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CUSTARD APPLE LEAVES (Annona squamosa L.) IN
MICE (Mus musculus)
ABSTRACT
Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) belongs to Annonaceae family. Custard apple leaves has antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antihyper- lipidemic and hepatoprotector activities. The objective of the research was to determine the potential for acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of custard apple leaves with LD50 and to know the histopathological studies in liver and kidney of
mice.
This research used experimental method as per fixed dose method. The number of animals used in this research were 20 female mice. The study was divided into 2 steps, there were sighting and main studies. The sighting study was divided into 5 groups and single animal was used per group in the sighting study. The control group was given Na-CMC 0.5%, the treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of custard apple leaves with doses of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg bw. The main study was divided into 3 groups and using 5 animals per group. The control group was given Na-CMC 0.5%, the treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of custard apple leaves with doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg bw. The observation of signs of toxicity, increase body weight, mortality, gross pathologic, relative organ weight and histopathological studies in liver and kidney were recorded for 14 days. Data were analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and continued by post hoc tukey test using statistical product and service solution (SPSS) version 17.
The results showed that ethanolic extract of custard apple leaves doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg bw did not show any toxicity signs. At dose of 5000 mg/kg bw caused change in liver and kidney tissues, there were hydropic degeneration, necrosis hepatocyte and also glomeruli atrophy and dilation of tubular but no mortality was observed, so that LD50 ethanolic extract of custard apple leaves was
estimated > 5000 mg/kg bw and the extract was practically non-toxic.
It is concluded that ethanolic extract of custard apple leaves did not show potential of acute toxicity in mice.
Keywords : Annona squamosa L., ethanol extract, acute toxicity
