16
Abstract
Background : Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and
children who are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Children (HIV). For
HIV-infected children, the risk for developing pneumonia has been closely related to an
individual’s having a lower CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count.
Objective :To evaluate association between CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count with
pneumonia in HIV children.
Method : A cross sectional study was conducted among all children diagnosed with
and without pneumonia in HIV at Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Data taken from
medical record patient between January 2008 and December 2015. We studied
demographic, clinical, radiological and CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count.
Result : A total of 174 HIV children were included in this study, pneumonia were
found in 47 children, median age of onset 39 month. Mean difference CD4 levels was
0,912 (95% CI, -5,79 – 7,62). No significant association between nutritional status
with incidence of pneumonia [p = 0,886, OR 1,050, 95% CI (0,537 – 2,053)]. No
significant association between immunodeficient status HIV children and pneumonia,
[p = 0,984, OR 0,986, 95% CI (0,25 – 3,885)]. The common opportunistic infection
besides pneumonia are pulmonary TB, oral thrush, diarrhea, varicella, CMV.
Conclusions : There is no significant association between CD4 T-lymphocyte cell
count and pneumonia in HIV children.
Keywords : CD4, HIV, pneumonia, children
17
Abstrak
Latar belakang : Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas
pada anak yang terinfeksi Human Immunodeficiency Children (HIV). Anak yang
terinfeksi HIV memiliki risiko menderita pneumonia yang berkaitan dengan kadar sel
T-limfosit CD4 yang rendah.
Objektif : Untuk menilai hubungan antara sel T-limfosit CD4 dengan kejadian
pneumonia pada anak yang terinfeksi HIV.
Metode : Penelitian dengan metode cross sectional dilakukan pada semua anak yang
terinfeksi HIV yang menderita pneumonia dan tanpa pneumonia di RS Adam Malik
Medan. Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien sejak bulan January tahun 2008 hingga
bulan Desember tahun 2015. Dilakuan penilaian karakteristik data, gejala klinis,
radiologis dan kadar sel T-limfosit CD4
Hasil : Seluruh sampel berjumlah 174, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu penderita
pneumonia sebanyak 40 anak, dengan rerata usia 39 bulan. Rerata kadar CD4 0,912
(95% CI, -5,79 – 7,62). Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status nutrisi
dengan kejadian pneumonia [p = 0,886, OR 1,050, 95% CI (0,537 – 2,053)]. Tidak
terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status imonudefisiensi penderita HIV dengan
pneumonia, [p = 0,984, OR 0,986, 95% CI (0,25 – 3,885)]. Infeksi oportunistik selain
pneumonia dialami oleh anak penderita HIV yaitu TB paru, kandidiasis oral, diare,
varisela, CMV.
Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar sel T-limfosit CD4
dengan pneumonia pada anak yang terinfeksi HIV.
Kata kunci : CD4, HIV, pneumonia, anak
