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ABSTRAK
PUTRI PERMATA SARI SIRAIT. Pendugaan Potensi Lestari dan Pertumbuhan Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger spp.) yang Didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Perairan Belawan Sumatera Utara. Dibawah bimbingan MOHAMMAD BASYUNI dan DESRITA.
Tingginya permintaan masyarakat terhadap ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger spp.) menyebabkan nelayan melakukan usaha penangkapan sebanyak mungkin tanpa adanya pembatasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai Juli 2016, yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan, faktor kondisi, parameter pertumbuhan, dan pendugaan potensi lestari ikan Kembung guna memberikan suatu usulan pengelolaan yang sesuai bagi sumberdaya ikan tersebut. Data primer adalah ikan Kembung yang diamati sebanyak 442 sampel, sedangkan data sekunder adalah data hasil tangkapan dan upaya tangkap ikan Kembung 10 tahun terakhir dan data suhu permukaan laut. Data diolah dengan menggunakan
software FISAT II. Pola pertumbuhan ikan Kembung total adalah allometrik
positif. Nilai faktor kondisi berkisar antara 0,58 – 3,10. Pendugaan parameter pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy dimana panjang asimtotik (L∞) = 220,50 mm, Koefisien pertumbuhan (K) = 1,30 per tahun dan umur saat panjang nol (t0) = -0,426. Laju mortalitas total (Z) ikan Kembung 2,564 per tahun dengan laju mortalitas alami (M) 1,249 per tahun dan laju mortalitas penangkapan (F) 1,315 per tahun sehingga diperoleh laju eksploitasi (E) 0,513 dan nilai laju eksploitasi ini telah melebihi nilai eksploitasi optimum 0,5. Pendugaan potensi lestari ikan Kembung dilakukan dengan model Fox. Nilai Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) ikan Kembung yaitu 6.276.538,129 kg/tahun dengan effort optimum yaitu 7.939,647596 trip/tahun. Nilai Tingkat Pemanfaatan 70,39% dan tingkat pengupayaan 179,49%, sedangkan tangkapan yang diperbolehkan (TAC) untuk ikan Kembung yaitu 150,1587365 kg/tahun. Berdasarkan nilai MSY dan effort optimum diketahui bahwa ikan Kembung sudah mengalami overfishing. Sedangkan berdasarkan tingkat pemanfaatan, ikan Kembung di perairan Belawan dapat dikatakan masih dalam kondisi padat tangkap.
Kata kunci : Ikan Kembung, Faktor Kondisi, Laju Eksploitasi, Maximum
Sustainable Yield (MSY), Mortalitas, Pola Pertumbuhan
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ABSTRACT
PUTRI PERMATA SARI SIRAIT. Potential Estimation on Sustainable and Growth of Mackerel Fish (Rastrelliger spp.) Landed on Belawan Ocean Fishing Port North Sumatra. Under academic supervised by MOHAMMAD BASYUNI and DESRITA.
Highly market demand on Mackerel fish (Rastrelliger spp.) effected overfishing without controling by fishermen. This study was done from Maret until July 2016, and the aims were to study about the growth pattern, condition factor, growth parameter, and also potential of sustainable prediction of Mackerel fish to provide appropriate management model for the fish resource. The primary data is 442 samples Mackerel fish were observed, while the secondary data is catches data and fishing effort of Mackerel last 10 years and temperature of sea surface. Data were processed using software FISAT II. The growth pattern of Mackerel total is positive allometric. The range of condition factor are 0,58 – 3,10. The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated were asymtotic length (L∞) = 220,50 mm, growth coefficient (K) = 1,30 year-1 and the age at zero length (t0) = -0,426. The rate of total mortality (Z) Mackerel fish is 2,564 year-1 with natural mortality rate (M) 1,249 year-1 and fishing mortality rate (F) 1,315 year-1 thus the rate of exploitation is obtained with the amount 0,513 and the value of this exploitation rate has exceeded the value of the optimum exploitation, which is 0,5. Potential estimation sustainable use of fish Mackerel Fox models. The potential of sustainable prediction was performed with Fox model. Value Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) Mackerel fish was 6,276,538.129 kg / year with optimum effort was 7939.647596 trips / year. Average utilization rate of 70,39% with an average insistence rate (TAC) of 179,49%, while allowable catch 150,1587365 kg/year. Based on the value of MSY and optimum effort Mackerel is known that fish are already experiencing overfishing. While based on average utilization rate, Mackerel fish in Belawan waters was still in a condition of solid catch.
Keywords : Mackerel Fish, Factor Condition, Exploitation Rates, Maximum
Sustainable Yield (MSY), Mortality, Growth
