Analisis Kebutuhan Peralatan Pemanenan Kayu: Studi Kasus Di PT. Surya Hutani Jaya, Kalimantan Timur

(1)

1R$830,/,3,

$1$/,6,6.(%878+$13(5$/$7$13(0$1(1$1.$<8

678',.$686',37685<$+87$1,-$<$.$/,0$17$17,085

"OBMZTJTPG&RVJQNFOU3FRVJSFNFOUJO5JNCFS)BSWFTUJOH"$BTF4UVEZBU

154VSZB)VUBOJ+BZB&BTU,BMJNBOUBO

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

.DWDNXQFL3HPDQHQDQND\XMXPODKDODWUHQFDQDSURGXNVLKXWDQWDQDPDQ

(2)

, 3(1'$+8/8$1

3H P D Q H Q D Q N D \ X E H U W X M X D Q X Q W X N PHQJHOXDUNDQND\XGDULGDODPKXWDQDJDUGDSDW GLPDQIDDWNDQPDV\DUDNDW'DODPVHWLDSNHJLDWDQ SHPDQHQDQ ND\X GLSHUOXNDQ SHUDODWDQ EDLN PDQXDOVHPLPHNDQLVPDXSXQPHNDQLV3HUDODWDQ SHPDQHQDQ ND\X \DQJ GLKDUDSNDQ DGDODK SHUDODWDQ \DQJ HIHNWLI GDQ EHUGDPSDN PLQLPDO \DQJSDGDJLOLUDQQ\DGDSDWPHQLQJNDWNDQSDVRNDQ ND\X EXQGDU GDQ EDKDQ EDNX VHUSLK 3DVRNDQ EDKDQ EDNX ND\X WHUVHEXW SHUOX GLGXNXQJ ROHK WHNQLNSHPDQHQDQ\DQJ HILVLHQGDQEHUGDPSDN PLQLPDO'XOVDODP 7LQDPEXQDQ

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² 5S

3HQJJXQDDQ DODW SHPDQHQDQ ND\X PHP EXWXKNDQ ELD\D SURGXNVL \DQJ WLGDN VHGLNLW 0HQXUXW 3HFHQNDGDQ +RIIPDQQ ELD\D SURGXNVL FKDLQVDZ 6WLKO GHQJDQ SURGXN WLYLWDVWRQMDPDGDODKVHEHVDU ½WRQ DWDX VHWDUD GHQJDQ 5S 5S 6HGDQJNDQ KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ 3RSRYLFLPHQ\HEXWNDQEDKZDPHQHEDQJ SRKRQ GHQJDQ YROXPH P PHQJJXQDNDQ FKDLQVDZ +XVTYDUQD + PHPEXWXKNDQ ELD\D SURGXNVL VHEHVDU 521P DWDX VHWDUD GHQJDQ5S P

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

WDUJHW SURGXNVL ND\X P WDKXQ WHUGLUL GDUL MHQLV ND\X $FDFLD PDQJLXP :LOOG 1DPXQGHPLNLDQUDWDUDWDUHDOLVDVLSURGXNVLND\X SDGD SHUXVDKDDQ WHUVHEXW DGDODK

P WDKXQ

%%DKDQGDQ$ODW3HQHOLWLDQ

%DKDQ SHQHOLWLDQ DGDODK ND\X$FDFLD PDQJLXP :LOOG VHGDQJNDQ DODW SHQHOLWLDQ DGDODK DODW WHEDQJFKDLQVDZ 6WLKO DODW VDUDG (NVNDYDWRU +LWDFKL WLSH =D[LV 0)DODW PXDW /RDGHU &DWHUSLOODU DODW ERQJNDU (NVNDYDWRU +LWDFKL WLSH=D[LV0)DODWDQJNXW7UXN+LQR)0 DODWWXOLVGDQNRPSXWHU

&3URVHGXU3HQHOLWLDQ

3HQHOLWLDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ PHQJXPSXONDQ GDWDSULPHUGDQVHNXQGHU'DWDSULPHUGLSHUROHK GHQJDQ PHODNXNDQ SHQJDPDWDQ ODQJVXQJ GL ODSDQJDQ EHUXSD GDWD WHNQLV VHOXUXK DODW SHPDQHQDQ ND\X \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ MXPODK DODW ODPDNHUMDGDQSUHVWDVLNHUMDDODW'DWDVHNXQGHU PHOLSXWLGDWD-DWDK3URGXNVL7DKXQDQ-37OXDV DUHDOKXWDQKDSRWHQVLKXWDQP KDVHUWDGDWD SURGXNVL,83++.+7 3HQHOLWLDQ+DVLO+XWDQ9RO1R-XQL

(3)

(4)

GHQJDQMXPODK\DQJWHUVHGLDGLODSDQJDQ7DEHO 'DSDW GLNDWDNDQ MXPODK DODW \DQJ EHURSHUDVL GL ODSDQJDQWLGDNHILVLHQNDUHQDWHUGDSDWVHOLVLK\DQJ PHQFRORNEHUXSDNHOHELKDQGDQNHNXUDQJDQDODW 3DGDNHJLDWDQSHQHEDQJDQSHQJJXQDDQFKDLQVDZ \DQJGLRSHUDVLNDQGLODSDQJDQVHEDQ\DNXQLW VHGDQJNDQ NHEXWXKDQ PHQXUXW SHUKLWXQJDQ HILVLHQVLMXPODKDODWEHUGDVDUNDQUHQFDQDSURGXNVL VHEDQ\DN XQLW VHKLQJJD WHUGDSDW VHOLVLK NHOHELKDQ MXPODK DODW WHEDQJ VHEDQ\DN XQLW

3DGD NHJLDWDQ SHQ\DUDGDQ PHQXUXW UHQFDQD SURGXNVL WHUGDSDW NHOHELKDQ DODW VDUDG \DQJ EHURSHUDVLGLODSDQJDQVHEDQ\DNXQLW -XPODK DODW ERQJNDU EHUGDVDUNDQ UHQFDQD SURGXNVL WHUGDSDW NHOHELKDQ VHEDQ\DN XQLW VHGDQJNDQ SDGD DODW DQJNXW WHUGDSDW NHNXUDQJDQ MXPODK DODW VHEDQ\DN XQLW 8QWXN MXPODK DODW PXDW GL ODSDQJDQ VDPD GHQJDQ SHUKLWXQJDQ EHUGDVDUNDQ UHQFDQD

SURGXNVL -XPODKFKDLQVDZ \DQJ EHUOHELKDQ GDQ MXPODK WUXN \DQJ NXUDQJ PHQXQMXNNDQ DGDQ\D NHWLGDNHILVLHQDQ GDUL SHQJJXQDDQ SHUDODWDQ SHPDQHQDQ -XPODK DODW \DQJ NXUDQJ PHQ\HEDENDQWLGDNWHUFDSDLQ\DUHQFDQDSURGXNVL \DQJGLWHWDSNDQ6XKDUWDQD<XQLDZDWL 5DKPDW

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

7DEHO5DWDUDWDSURGXNWLYLWDVNHUMDDODWSHPDQHQDQND\X 5BCMF"WFSBHFQSPEVDUJWJUZPGUJNCFSIBSWFTUJOHUPPMT 1R $VSHN "TQFDU $ODWSHPDQHQDQND\X 5JNCFSIBSWFTUJOH UPPMT 7HQDJD 1PXFS +3 3URGXNWLYLWDV 1SPEVDUJWJUZ P_MDP_N_IPVS .DSDVLWDVDODW 5PPMT DBQBDJUZ P_XQLW

3HQHEDQJDQ )HOOLQJ &KDLQVDZ6WLKO 3HQ\DUDGDQ 6NLGGLQJ ([FDYDWRU+LWDFKLWLSH =D[LV0) 0XDW /RDGLQJ /RDGHU&DWHUSLOODU

%RQJNDU 8QORDGLQJ ([FDYDWRU+LWDFKLWLSH =D[LV0) 3HQJDQJNXWDQ +DXOLQJ 7UXN+LQR)0

.HWHUDQJDQ5HPDUNV+3 7HQDJDNXGD+RUVHSRZHUV

7DEHO-XPODKNHEXWXKDQDODWSHPDQHQDQND\X 5BCMF5IFSFRVJSFEOVNCFSPGUJNCFSIBSWFTUJOHUPPMT

1R $VSHN "TQFDU -XPODKDODWUPPMTOVNCFS 6HOLVLKGDULUHQFDQD SURGXNVL %JGGFSFODFGSPNUIF

QMBOOFEQSPEVDUJPO 5HQFDQDSURGXNVL 1MBOOFEQSPEVDUJPO 5HDOLWDV3FBMJUZ 3HQHEDQJDQ )HOOLQJ 3HQ\DUDGDQ 6NLGGLQJ 0XDW /RDGLQJ %RQJNDU XQORDGLQJ 3HQJDQJNXWDQ +DXOLQJ r

.HWHUDQJDQ5HPDUNV NHOHELKDQMXPODKDODWH[FHVVLYHQXPEHURI WRROV NHNXUDQJDQMXPODKDODWVKRUWDJHRI WRROV

(5)

SHQJJXQDDQ VDWX WUXN VXGDK FXNXS SDGD MDUDN WHPSXK²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

6XKDUWDQD GDQ <XQLDZDWL PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZDSHQJJXQDDQMXPODKDODWSHPDQHQDQND\X \DQJ NXUDQJ PHQJDNLEDWNDQ ZDNWX SHQ\HOHVDLDQ SHNHUMDDQPHQMDGLODPDVHKLQJJDPHPEXWXKNDQ ELD\DSURGXNVL\DQJWLQJJLGDQWLGDNWHUFDSDLQ\D WDUJHWVHVXDLUHQFDQDSURGXNVL

%-XPODK$ODWGDQ/DPD:DNWX3HNHUMDDQ 7DEHO PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD ODPDQ\D ZDNWX SHQ\HOHVDLDQ SHNHUMDDQ SHPDQHQDQ ND\X EHUGDVDUNDQ UHQFDQD SURGXNVL ND\X EHUYDULDVL 3DGD NHJLDWDQ SHQHEDQJDQ WHUGDSDW NHOHELKDQ MXPODK FKDLQVDZ PHQXUXW UHQFDQD SURGXNVL .HOHELKDQMXPODK WHUVHEXWGDSDWPHPSHUFHSDW SHQ\HOHVDLDQ SHQHEDQJDQ VHODPD EXODQ 7HUGDSDWVHOLVLKODPDZDNWX\DQJPHQFRORNGDODP SHQ\HOHVDLDQ SHQHEDQJDQ PHQXUXW MXPODK DODW \DQJ DGD GL ODSDQJDQ VHEHVDU EXODQ :DNWX

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

EVSBUJPO%XODQNPOUI

5HQFDQDSURGXNVL 1MBOFQ SPEVDUJPO 5HDOLWDV 3FBMJUZ 5HQFDQD SURGXNVL 1MBOOFE QSPEVDUJPO 5HDOLWDV 3FBMJUZ 3HQHEDQJDQ)HOOLQJ 3HQ\DUDGDQ6NLGGLQJ 0XDW /RDGLQJ %RQJNDU8QORDGLQJ 3HQJDQJNXWDQ+DXOLQJ

(6)

7DEHOPHQXQMXNNDQEDKZDVHPDNLQEDQ\DN DODW SHPDQHQDQ ND\X \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ PDND VHPDNLQ WLQJJL ELD\D SURGXNVL \DQJ KDUXV GLNHOXDUNDQ3HQHEDQJDQGHQJDQMXPODKFKDLQVDZ GLODSDQJDQVHEDQ\DNXQLWPHPEXWXKNDQELD\D

SURGXNVL VHEHVDU 5S P %HUGDVDUNDQ MXPODK DODW GL ODSDQJDQ WHUVHEXW WHUGDSDW NHOHELKDQ VHEDQ\DN XQLW $SDELOD GLKLWXQJ VHOLVLKELD\DSURGXNVLGDULNHOHELKDQDODWWHUVHEXW PDND GLSHUROHK VHOLVLK ELD\D SURGXNVL VHEHVDU

5S P \DQJ VHEHQDUQ\D WLGDN KDUXV GLNHOXDUNDQROHKSHUXVDKDDQ

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

6HUYLFLQJ UHSDLULQJFRVW

%LD\DXSDK :DJHVFRVW 7RWDOELD\DPHVLQ 7RWDOPDFKLQHFRVW .HWHUDQJDQ5HPDUNV 5SMDP5SKRXU-HQLVDODWPXDWERQJNDUVDPD6LPLODUORDGLQJDQGXQORDGLQJWRROV

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

.HWHUDQJDQ5HPDUNV %LD\D SURGXNVL VXGDK GLNDOLNDQ GHQJDQ MXPODK DODW EHUGDVDUNDQ UHQFDQD SURGXNVL GDQ GL ODSDQJDQ3URGXFWLRQFRVWKDVEHHQPXOWLSOLHGE\WKHWRROVQXPEHUEDVHGRQWKHSODQHGSURGXFWLRQDQGUHDOLW\

(7)

ND\XWHUGDSDWELD\DSURGXNVL\DQJUHQGDKWHWDSL EXNDQ EHUDUWL MXPODK DODW \DQJ DGD VXGDK WHSDW -XPODK\DQJNXUDQJPHQ\HEDENDQSURGXNVLWLGDN GDSDW WHUFDSDL WHSDW ZDNWX DNLEDWQ\D ELD\D SURGXNVLMXJDDNDQVHPDNLQPHQLQJNDW

8QWXN PHQJHWDKXL SHQJDUXK MXPODK DODW WHUKDGDS SURGXNWLYLWDV GDQ ELD\D SURGXNVL GLODNXNDQSHQJXMLDQVWDWLVWLN\DQJGLVDMLNDQSDGD 7DEHOGDQ7DEHOPHQXQMXNNDQEDKZDQLODL5

GDQ NRHILVLHQ GHWHUPLQDVL 5 VHEHVDU DUWLQ\D MXPODK DODW SHPDQHQDQ ND\X PHPSHQJDU XKL SURGXNWLYLWDV GDQ ELD\D SHPDQHQDQ ND\X VHGDQJNDQ VLVDQ\D GLMHODVNDQ ROHK VHEDE \DQJ ODLQ 7DEHO PHQXQMXNNDQXMLNHWHUDQGDODQPRGHOGHQJDQXML ) +DVLO XML ) GDSDW GLOLKDW GDUL QLODL SHOXDQJ

D

SUREDELOLWDV PDNDGDSDWGLVLPSXO NDQSHUVDPDDQ< ; ; GDSDW GLWHULPD XQWXN PHQMHODVNDQ SHQJDUXK MXPODK DODW SHPDQHQDQ ND\X WHUKDGDS SURGXN WLYLWDVGDQELD\DSURGXNVL

7DEHO PHQXQMXNNDQ KDVLO XML NRHILVLHQ UHJUHVLPHQJJXQDNDQXMLWGLPDQDQLODLSHOXDQJ WKLWXQJWLQJNDWNHVDODKDQDUWLQ\D

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

'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ NRHILVLHQ UHJUHVL YDULDEHO ELD\D SURGXNVL EHUWDQGD SRVLWLI VHEHVDU %LD\DSURGXNVLSHPDQHQDQND\XDNDQPHQLQJNDW DSDELOD MXPODK DODW EHUWDPEDK .HQDLNDQ ELD\D SURGXNVL WHUVHEXW VHEHVDU 5S P DNDQ PHQDPEDK MXPODK DODW VHEDQ\DN XQLW GDQ VHEDOLNQ\DSHQXUXQDQELD\DSURGXNVLSHPDQHQDQ ND\X VHEHVDU 5S P DNDQ PHQJXUDQJL MXPODK DODWSHPDQHQDQND\XVHEDQ\DNXQLW

7DEHO $QDOLVLVUHJUHVLKXEXQJDQMXPODKDODWSHPDQHQDQND\XGHQJDQSURGXNWLYLWDVNHUMD GDQELD\DSURGXNVL

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

(8)

,9.(6,038/$1

-XPODK DODW SHPDQHQDQ ND\X GDUL EHUEDJDL WDKDSDQ NHJLDWDQ SHPDQHQDQ PXODL GDUL SHQHEDQJDQ KLQJJD SHQJDQJNXWDQ WHUGDSDW NHNXUDQJDQ GDQ NHOHELKDQ DODW \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ PHQXUXW UHQFDQD SURGXNVL .HDGDDQ LQL PHQ\HEDENDQ ELD\D SHPDQHQDQ PHQMDGL WLGDN HILVLHQ $ODW SHPDQHQDQ ND\X \DQJ HILVLHQ PHQXUXWUHQFDQDSURGXNVL376XU\D+XWDQL-D\D WHUGLULGDULXQLWDODWWHEDQJXQLWDODWVDUDG XQLWDODWPXDWGXDXQLWDODWERQJNDUGDQXQLW DODWDQJNXW-XPODKDODWSHPDQHQDQND\XWHUKDGDS SURGXNWLYLWDV GDQ ELD\D SURGXNVL PHPLOLNL SHQJDUXK\DQJVDQJDWQ\DWD

8&$3$17(5,0$.$6,+

.DPL PHQJXFDSNDQ WHULPD NDVLK NHSDGD VHOXUXK VWDI 37 6XU\D +XWDQL -D\D \DQJ WHODK PHPEDQWXGLODSDQJDQ

'$)7$53867$.$

$VLNDLQHQ$6WDPSIHU.7DOERW% %HOER +6LPXODWLRQRI VN\OLQHV\VWHPVLQ 1RUZHJLDQ FRQGLWLRQV 'DODP + %HOER (G6LPXODWLRQRI VN\OLQHV\VWHPVLQ1RUZHJLDQ FRQGLWLRQVS1RUZHJLDQ1RUGHQ %vUGD 0 (YDOXDWLRQ RI ZLQFK

SHUIRUPDQFH LQ URXQG ZRRG KDUYHVWLQJ %XOOHWLQRI 7KH7UDQVLOYDQLD

'XOVDODP 7LQDPEXQDQ ' 3URGXNWLYLWDV GDQ ELD\D SHUDODWDQ SHPDQHQDQ KXWDQ WDQDPDQ 6WXGL NDVXV GL 37 0XVL +XWDQ 3HUVDGD 6XPDWHUD 6HODWDQ-XUQDO3HQHOLWLDQ+DVLO+XWDQ

)$2&RVWFRQWUROLQIRUHVWKDUYHVWLQJDQG URDG FRQVWUXFWLRQ3DSHU 5RPH )$2 )RUHVWU\

+LHVO3 %HQMDPLQ-$SSOLFDELOLW\RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO KDU YHVWLQJ HTXLSPHQW SURGXFWLYLW\ 6WXGLHV LQ 0DLQH 86$ $ OLWHUDWXUH UHYLHZ )RUHVWV GRLI

0RXVDYL 5 1DJKGL 5 7LPH FRQVXPSWLRQDQGSURGXFWLYLW\DQDO\VLVRI WLPEHUWUXFNLQJXVLQJWZRNLQGVRI WUXFNV LQ 1RUWKHUQ ,UDQ-RXUQDO RI )RUHVW 6FLHQFH

0XO\DGL $ $NXQWDQVL 0DQDMHPHQ %DQGXQJ83,

3HFHQND 5 +RIIPDQQ 7 +DUYHVW WHFKQRORJ\IRUVKRUWURWDWLRQFRSSLFHVDQG FRVWV RI KDUYHVW WUDQVSRUW DQG VWRUDJH $JURQRP\5HVHDUFK

3RSRYLFL5(VWLPDWLQJFKDLQVDZRSHUDWLQJ FRVWV EDVHG RQ IXHO OXEULFDQWV DQG VSDUH SDUWV%XOOHWLQRI 7KH7UDQVLOYDQLD 5DQNLQ - 0HFKDQLFDO KDUYHVWLQJWKH

IXWXUH LV KHUH )RUHVWV IRU 0DLQHV IXWXUH ' L D N V H V G D U L K W W S Z Z Z 7DEHO3HQJDUXKMXPODKDODWWHUKDGDSSURGXNWLYLWDVGDQELD\DSURGXNVLSHPDQHQDQND\X 5BCMF*OGMVFODF PG FRVJQNFOU RVBOUJUZ JOUP QSPEVDUJWJUZ BOE QSPEVDUJPO DPTU PG UJNCFS

IBSWFTUJOH 0RGHO .RHILVLHQWLGDNVWDQGDU 6OTUBOEBSEJ[FE DPFGGJDJFOUT .RHILVLHQVWDQGDU 4UBOEBSEJ[FE DPFGGJDJFOUT 1LODLW UWBMVF 3HOXDQJ 1SPCBCJMJUZ % 6WDQGDUJDODW 4UBOEBSFSSPS .RQVWDQWD &RQVWDQW 3URGXNWLYLWDV 3URGXFWLYLW\ %LD\D &RVW E 3HQHOLWLDQ+DVLO+XWDQ9RO1R-XQL

(9)

IRUHVWIRUPDLQHVIXWXUHRUJSDGDWDQJJDO -DQXDUL

6XKDUWDQD 6 <XQLDZDWL 3HQJDUXK WHNQLNSHQHEDQJDQVLNDSWXEXKSHQHEDQJ GDQ NHOHUHQJDQ WHUKDGDS HILVLHQVL SHPDQIDDWDQ ND\X PDQJLXP $FDFLD PDQJLXP :LOOG 3HURQHPD )RUHVWU\ 6FLHQFH -RXUQDO 6XKDUWDQD 6 <XQLDZDWL 3HQJJXQDDQ DODWSHPDQHQDQND\X\JHILVLHQ6WXGLNDVXV GLVDWXSHUXVDKDDQKXWDQGL.DOWLP-XUQDO :DKDQD)RUHVWD 6XKDUWDQD 6 <XQLDZDWL 3HQJJXQDDQ SHUDODWDQ SHPDQHQDQ ND\X \DQJ HILVLHQ SDGD SHUXVDKDDQ KXWDQ WDQDPDQ GL .DOLPDQWDQ 6HODWDQ-XUQDO 3HQHOLWLDQ +DVLO +XWDQ

6XKDUWDQD 6 <XQLDZDWL 5DKPDW (ILVLHQVLNHEXWXKDQSHUDODWDQ SHPDQHQDQ GL KXWDQ WDQDPDQ LQGXVWUL GL .DOLPDQWDQ %DUDW-XUQDO +XWDQ 7URSLV %RUQHR

6XUDW .HSXWXVDQ 0HQWHUL .HKXWDQDQ 3HGRPDQ SHUKLWXQJDQ NHEXWXKDQ DODWDODW EHUDW 6.0HQKXW1R.SWV,, 9LVVHU5(IIHFWRI SLHFHVL]HRQIHOOLQJ

PDFKLQH SURGXFWLYLW\+DUYHVWLQJ 7HFKQLFDO

1RWH