v i
N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P R A B M E L
K I M E D A K A N A G N I T N E P E K K U T N U H A I M L I A Y R A K I S A K I L B U P
n a g n a t a d n a tr e b g n a
Y d ibawahi n,is ayamahasiswaUniverstia sSanataDharma: a
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N :0842140 80
n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k n a k ir e b m e m a y a s , n a u h a t e g n e p u m li n a g n a b m e g n e p i m e D
:l u d u jr e b g n a y a y a s h a i m li a y r a k a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U
f o n o it a t n e s e r p e R e h
T Uppe rClas sWomen’ sLfiei nTheHeianEraThroughThe Characteirzaitono fMurasak inoUei nMurasakiShikibu’sTheTaleo fGenij
n a k ir e b m e m a y a s n a i k i m e d n a g n e D . ) a d a a li b ( n a k u lr e p i d g n a y t a k g n a r e p a tr e s e B
, n a p m i y n e m k u t n u k a h a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U n a a k a t s u p r e P a d a p e k
, n i a l a i d e m k u t n e b m a l a d n a k h il a g n e
m mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan u a t a t e n r e t n I i d a y n n a k i s a k il b u p m e m n a d , s a t a b r e t a r a c e s n a k i s u b ir t s i d n e m , a t a d
n u p u a m a y a s ir a d n ij i a t n i m e m u lr e p a p n a t s i m e d a k a n a g n it n e p e k k u t n u n i a l a i d e m
a m a n n a k m u t n a c n e m p a t e t a m a l e s a y a s a d a p e k i tl a y o r n a k ir e b m e
m sayasebaga i
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Y T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T S
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s ’ e s l e y d o b e m o s k o o t e h s fi n o it a l e c n a c e e r g e d g n i d u l c n i s e c n e u q e s n o c l l u f e h t
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A S
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F Ithankmyadvisor ,Dr .F.X. Siswadi ,M.A.,f o rbeing paiten t r
p g n it ir w s i s e h t y m g n ir u d p l e h d n a e d i u g o
t ocess . Iwould ilket o t hank himf o r s
i
h suppor tand suggesitonst o i mproveand makemy t hesi sbette revery week . I e
t a i c e r p p
a wha tmy reader ,Drs .Hrimawan Wjianarka ,M.Hum. of rhi ssuppor t .
r e tt e b s e m o c e b s i s e h t y m e k a m o t e c i v d a d n
a Iwould ilket o thank Mrs .Eilsa
. m u H . M , . S . S , i n a d r a W i w
D fo rbecoming my examiner .I also thank al lof t he e
r u t c e
l r sand staf fo fEngilsh Letter sDepatrment ,Sanata Dharma Universtiy . I k
n a h
t themf ort heris uppo trdu irngmys tudy. a
d e v o l e b y m k n a h t I , n e h
T ndwonderfu lparents ,JohnyBendatuandHeni i
n a y r u
S ,f ort hei reve lrasitng l oveand suppor tdu irngmystudyand my grea t ilf e o
r b y l e v o l y m k n a h t o s l a d l u o w I . a tr a k a y g o Y n
i the rJordan Benda dtua n my big
.s s e c o r p g n it ir w s i s e h t y m g n ir u d t r o p p u s d n a e v o l ri e h t r o f y li m a f
e t a i c e r p p a
I myBes tF irend sForever ,Mriant iMegawat iPeritwi ,Lisawait e
if f e t S d n a o r o t n u
B Endahfort hei rsuppo tr ,loveandalsof orl etitngmebeapar t f
r e d n o w r i e h t f
o u f . lile
r e tt e L h s il g n E n i s d n e ir f t s e b y m k n a h t
I sDepatrment ,Ju ilan T irildan it, a
ti n u
Y Prabandair ,Hanna Maira and Iirna Vrigiast uit Supolo fo rbeing bes t s
d n e ir
f , bes tfamliyandgrea tsuppo treri n myt hesi sw iritngprocess . Iwouldalso 8
0 0 2 e h t k n a h
t student swhose name s Ican no tmeniton one by one fo rthei r .t
r o p p u s
n e h
T , I thank Juilan T irildant i who suggested me to use Murasaki u
b i k i h
x i g n it ir w s i s e h t y m g n ir u d s n o it s e g g u
s process .Then , Ithank Sanata Dharma d n a y li m a f w e n , s d n e ir f w e n , s e c n e ir e p x e w e n h ti w e fi l y m g n il li f r o f y ti s r e v i n U
. n o it a c u d e n a e v a h o t e c n a h c e h t
e r g y m k n a h t I , t s a e l t o n y ll a e r t u b t s a l r o
F a tsavior ,Jesu sCh irs tfo rHi s o
l g n it s a lr e v e d n a g n i s s e l
b vef o reverysecondo fmy ilfe .Wtihou tHi sguidance I o
t e l b a e b r e v e n d l u o
w ge tup andfacemy ilfe. I t hank Him f o rgiving t hi sgrea t il
g n i z a m a d n
a f e ot meandt oeveryonearoundme.
a l e u n a m I a c i n o
x
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T
E G A P E L T I
T ………... i E
G A P L A V O R P P
A ………. ii
E G A P E C N A T P E C C
A ………. .. i ii
H A I M L I A Y R A K I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P R A B M E
L ……. .. i v
Y T I L A N I G I R O F O T N E M E T A T
S ………... v
E G A P O T T O
M ………. vi
N O I T A C I D E
D PAGE……….. v i i S
T N E M G D E L W O N K C
A ……… xi
S T N E T N O C F O E L B A
T ………. ix
T C A R T S B
A ……….. xii K
A R T S B
A ………. ix ii
N O I T C U D O R T N I : I R E T P A H
C ……… 1
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy………. 1 .
B ProblemFormulaiton……… 3 .
C Objecitve soft heStudy……… 4 .
D Deifniitono fTerms……….. 5
W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T : I I R E T P A H
C ……….. 7
.
A Reviewo fRelatedStudies……….. 7 .
B Reviewo fRelatedTheoires……… 9
Theoryo fCharacte randCharacteirzaiton... 9 .
C Reviewont heHeianErai nJapan…..……… 1. 1 .
D Theoreitca lFramework……… 51
Y G O L O D O H T E M : I I I R E T P A H
C ………... 1 7
.
A Objec toft heStudy………. 1 7 .
B Approacho ftheStudy……… 1 8 .
C Methodoft heStudy……….. 20
S I S Y L A N A : V I R E T P A H
C ……… 2 1
.
A Descirpitonabou tMurasak inoUeCharacteirzaiton……… ... 12 .
1 Clever... 21 .
2 Beautfiul... 2 3 .
3 Lonely………... 6 2 .
i x .
B The Representaiton o fUppe rClas sWomen’ sLfie in Heian Er a
e U o n i k a s a r u M f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C e h t h g u o r h
T …………. 33
.
1 The Intelilgen tUppe rClas sWomen i n Ltierature ,Music and ..
… … … … … … … … … a r E n a i e H e h t n i y h p a r g il l a
C 33
.
2 T hePhysica lAppearanceo fUppe rClas sWomen in t heHeian a
r
E ………... 36 .
3 TheClosed and Immoblie Lfie o fUppe rClas sWomen in t he …
… … … a r E n a i e
H ...………. 3 9 .
4 ThePowelressUppe rClas sWomen agains tMe n in t heHeian …
… … … … … … … … … … … … … … a r
E ...…....……… 42
N O I S U L C N O C : V R E T P A H
C ……….. 45
Y H P A R G O I L B I
B ……… 4 8
I D N E P P
A X... 50 f
o y r a m m u
ii x
T C A R T S B A
U T A D N E B A L E U N A M I A C I N O
M .The Representa iton o f Upper Clas s o n i k a s a r u M f o n o it a z i r e t c a r a h C e h t h g u o r h t a r E n a i e H e h t n i e fi L s ’ n e m o W
i k a s a r u M n i e
U Shikibu’s Tale o fGenij. Yogyakatra :Depa trmen to fEngilsh a
m r a h D a t n a S , s r e tt e L f o y tl u c a F , s r e tt e
L Universtiy ,2012.
ij n e G f o e l a
T wirttenbyMurasakiShikibu si astoryaboutt hel fieo fmain r
e t c a r a h
c andhi saffai rwtihl ot so fwomen .Murasak inoUei soneoft hewomen m
o h
w Genj ihas t heaffai rwtih .She i st heonly woman who accompanie sGenj i since chlid unit lhe rdeath .In the novel ,Murasak ino ue i sconsidered a sthe
h t n i e r u g if s ’ n a m o w t c e f r e
p eHeian erabased onwha tpeoplet hough tatfert hey l a c i s y h p s ’i k a s a r u M e s u a c e b t a h t y a s d l u o c e l p o e p e s o h T . i k a s a r u M w a s
it s ir e t c a r a h c d n a e c n a r a e p p
a c smatched wtih the idea l ifgure o fwoman in the .
a r e n a i e
H Tha ti swhy Murasak’i scharacte irzaiton can be used to seehow the .
e v a h e b d l u o h s a r e n a i e H n i n e m o w
t e r a e r e h
T w o objecitve sin thi sthesis .The frist objecitve i sabou tthe r
e t c a r a h
c izaiton o fMurasak ino ue .The second i show Murasak ino ue can .
a r e n a i e H n i n e m o w s s a l c r e p p u e h t t n e s e r p e r
g n i s u d e t c e ll o c e r a s e ir o e h t d n a a t a d e h t ,s i s y l a n a s i h t tr o p p u s o t r e d r o n I
a m ir p e h T . d o h t e m h c r a e s e r y r a r b il e h
t rydataweret akenf romTaleo fGenij .Thi s e
h t d e s u y d u t
s theory o fcharacte,r t heory o fcharacteirzaiton and socio-cutlural -.
h c a o r p p a l a c ir o t s i h
t a h t s w o h s y d u t s e h t f o s i s y l a n a t s ri f e h
T Murasak ii sclever ,beautfiul , .
s s e lr e w o p d n a , y l e n o l ,t n e i d e b
o Based ont hecharacteirzaiton o fMurasak ino ue , e
ti r w e h
t r ifnd soutt hatt herearef ourpoint sofr epresentaitonabou twomen’sl fie .
a r e n a i e H n
i Those representaiton s are in thei r intelilgence in ltierature , ,
c i s u m d n a y h p a r g il l a
c thei rphysica lappearance, t hei rclosed and immobliel fie , n
a d thei rpowelres sac tto thei rhusband .These four representaitons re lfect t hat a
r e n a i e H n i n e m o
w dono thavet hef reedomt o ilveal fiet hatt heywan tbecause o t d e tt i m r e p e r a y e h t y l e t a n u tr o F . d n a b s u h r i e h t r o r e h t a f ri e h t y e b o o t e v a h y e h t
n r a e
l ltierature so they can elevate thei rposiiton in the society by compeitng .
ii i x
K A R T S B A
U T A D N E B A L E U N A M I A C I N O
M .The Representa iton o f Upper Clas s o n i k a s a r u M f o n o it a z i r e t c a r a h C e h t h g u o r h t a r E n a i e H e h t n i e fi L s ’ n e m o W
e
U in Murasaki Shikibu’sTale o fGenij.Yogyakatra: Jurusan Sasrta Ingg irs , .
2 1 0 2 , a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U , a rt s a S s a tl u k a F
e l a
T fo Genij adalah karya yang dtiuil s oleh Murasaki Shikibu nd a n
a k a ti r e c n e
m tentang kehidupan Hikaru Genij nd a hubungan cintanya dengan k
a y n a
b wantia d isekeililngnya. Murasak ino Ue adalah salah us at d air wan tia n
il a j n e m g n a
y hubungan dengan Genj.i aD i adalah s -atu satunya wantia yang i
g n i p m a d n e
m Gen ijsejak masih keclihinggakemaitan menjemputnya. D idalam U
o n i k a s a r u M , l e v o
n e termasuksosoki dea lyangdidambakan kb ai lelakimaupun n
a m a z i d p u d i h g n a y a ti n a
w Heian. Murasak ino ue adalah wantia yang tepat k
u t n
u menggambarkan kehidupanyangdjialani ho le wantiaHeiandanbagaimana a
k e r e
m harusbersikappadazamanHeian. a
d
A d tua ujuan yang ingin dicapai penuils dalam sk irps iini .Tujuan h
a l a i a m a tr e
p mengetahui bagaimana karakteirsitk d air Murasak i no Ue l
e v o n n a k r a s a d r e
b Tale o f Genij . Tujuan yang kedua ialah mengetahui n
a r a b m a g g n e
p kehidupan wantia pada zaman Heian yang terilhat d air k
it s ir e t k a r a
k Murasak inoUe .
r e t a m n a d a t a d , i n i i s p ir k s g n u k u d n e m k u t n
U i-mater i dikumpulkan
u k u b i r a d l i b m a i d a m a t u a t a D . a k a t s u p n a a it il e n e p e d o t e m n a k a n u g g n e
m Taleo f
ij n e
G . Stud iin imenggunakan teor ikarakte rdan karakteirsasi ,dan pendekatan o
i s o
s -kutlural-histor.i
a w h a b n a k k u j n u n e m i n i i d u t s i r a d a m a tr e p s il a n
A Murasaki memiilki
k it s ir e t k a r a
k pintar , canitk , patuh , kesepian d an itdak berdaya d i hadapan .
a y n i m a u
s Berdasarkan karakte irsitk-karakteirsitk d air Murasakitersebut ,penu il s n
e m t a p a
d emukan gambaran tentang kehidupan wantia pada zaman Heian . n
a r a b m a g g n e
P tersebut berhubungan dengan kepintaran merekadalaml tierature , n
a li p m a n e
p lua,rhidupmerekayang sangatt etrutup ,dan sikapkeitdakberdayaan a
k e r e
m ld am a menghadapi suami .Penggambaran t ersebut mencerminkan bahwa a k e r e m , g n a r a k e s n a m a z s a b e b e s h a l k a d it n a i e H n a m a z i d p u d i h g n a y a ti n a w
k u t n u n a k h e l o b r e p i d k a d
it perg ikemanapun yang mereka inginkan dan haru s .
k a l e k a k e r e m i m a u s n u p u a m h a y a a d a p h u t a p u l a l e
s Kabar baiknya adalah
a k e r e
m diperbolehkan untuk mempelaja ir ltieratur sehingga lh a tersebut dapat u
t n a b m e
1 R E T P A H
C I
N O I T C U D O R T N I
.
A Backgroundoft heStudy
d e lt it n e l e v o n a s e z y l a n a s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u s i h
T Taleo fGenij ,w irtten
. u b i k i h S i k a s a r u M y
b MurasakiShikibu wa sa Japanesenoveilst ,poet ,and a maid f
o r o n o h f
o theimpeira lcou trdu irngt heHeianpe irod. Shei sknownast heautho r f
o TheTaleo fGenij, w irtteni nJapanesebetweenabou t1000and1008 ,oneoft he t
s e il r a
e novelsinhumanhistory. e h t t u o b a s i l e v o n e h
T el ffi o Hikaru-Genij ,or' TheShining P irnc 'e ,as the d
n o c e
s son o ftheJapanese Empero rand a low-ranking concubine ;hismother , , s n o s a e r l a c it il o p o t e u D . d l o s r a e y e e r h t y l n o s i ij n e G n e h w s e i d , o b u s ti ri K y d a L
u s e h t h ti w r e n o m m o c a s a y t e i c o s o t n i d e c a l p s i e
h rnameMinamoto and begin s
e t a rt n e c n o c o t s m e e s , tr a p t s o m e h t r o f e l a t e h T . r e c if f o l a ir e p m i n a s a r e e r a c s i h
. s ti u s r u p c it n a m o r s 'i j n e G n o e r o
m Thi snove linvtie sthe reade rto study more f
o e fi l e h t y ll a i c e p s e a r e t a h t n i e r u tl u c e h t t u o b
a uppe rclas swom en.
f o d o ir e p a s i n w o e K n e i m a D o t g n i d r o c c a a r e n a i e H e h t e li h w n a e M
n i d e t a c o l s a w l a ti p a c e h t n e h w e m it s ti m o r f e m a n s ti s e k a t t a h t y r o t s i h e s e n a p a J
n a i e H f o y ti c e h
t -kyo ( Kyoto)f rom794unit l1185 .Thi serai sgrealty i n lfuenced s
e e r u tl u c e s e n i h C y
b peciallyi nt hel tierature.I vanMorirsi nhi sbook TheWorld e
c n i r P g n i n i h S e h T f
o said tha t“Genj iand hi scricle were ,to be sure ,ferven t
it a c u d e l a c i s s a l c ‘ a o t d e d n o p s e r r o
c on ,’ t hati st o say ,wasf amiila rwtih Chinese ” . e s o r p d n a y rt e o p e s e n i h C f o s n o it a ti m i e l b a s s a p e c u d o r p o t e l b a d n a e r u t a r e ti l
(Morirs ,1964 :10 )Thati swhy women and men from uppe rclass t end t o l earn a
r o y rt e o p e k a m o t , n a c y e h t fi , d n
a prose i n a Chinese way .Besides tha,t t he s
i a r e n a i e H e h t n i r o d lr o w s ’i j n e G n i t c e p s
a related t o t hecavaile r rteatmen to f s
n i n e m o w f o e c n e n i m o r p e h t d n a r o r e p m e e h
t ociety. Event hough t herecan be o
s n i t u b y h c r a r e i h y li m a f e h t n i y c a m e r p u s e l a m t u o b a n o it s e u q o
n me way s
d e y o j n e n a m o w n a i e H e h T “ . a r e r e h t o n a n i n e m o w n a h t r e i k c u l e r a n e m o w n a i e H
o t t h g ir r e h d e e t n a r a u g s e d o c t n e r r u c e h T . w a l n i n o it i s o p e l b a r u o v a f y l b a k r a m e r a
l a i c n i v o r p e h t f o s r e t h g u a D . y tr e p o r p p e e k d n a t ir e h n
i -governo rclas sappea rto
n e e b e v a
h paritculalry wel l provided for , usually receiving a share o f the g n i e b d n a , s e t a t s e l a ir o n a m n i s t h g ir r o y tr e p o r p l a e r f o m r o f e h t n i e c n a ti r e h n i
5 0 2 : 4 6 9 1 , s ir r o M ( ” .s e s u o h n w o r i e h t p e e k o t w a l y b d e lt it n
e -206)
n o s a e r e h
T whythewrtie rdoe sthi sstudyi sbecauseuppe rclas swomeni n n
a i e
H era were wel laccepted duet o t heri i mpo tran trole i n “mar irage po ilitcs” . f o m e t s y s e h t s a w n e m o w f o n o it i s o p e l b a r u o v a f y l e v it a l e r e h t r o f n o s a e r e n O “
e h t o t y li m a f a r a w ij u F e h t m o r f d a e r p s h c i h w , ’ s c it il o p e g a ir r a m
‘ airstocracy i n
) 7 0 2 : 4 6 9 1 , s ir r o M ( ” .l a r e n e
g The marirage poilitc s are happened when the poilitciansi n theHeianeraarrangeanadvantageou smariragef ort hei rdaughter s
s c it il o p e g a ir r a m s i h T . n o it i s o p l a c it il o p r i e h t e r u c e s o t r e d r o n
i increase the
t s e r
p ige o fwomen in the Heian era .The Heian era i s known a sthe era o f il
s ’ n e m o
w terature.I nt hi serawomenaredeniedoppo truniitesfo reducaiton ,bu t n
r a e l e m o
n i h
C esewaned , ti i s women who createa new i ndigenou s rtadiiton i n l tierature . ij
n e G f o e l a T e h
T , whose setitng i si n the Heian era ,becomes t he irgh tbook t o e
z y l a n
a wha tkind of l fie uppe rclas swomen i n theHeian erai sfacing because .
l e v o n s i h t n i s r e t c a r a h c s ’ n e m o w f o t o l a e r a e r e h
t Tale so fGen iji osa ls w irttenby n
a m o w
a which make sthe wrtie rcan ifnda throughou texplanaiton abou tthe t
a h t c it s ir e t c a r a h
c the women in the Heian era have through the eye o fwoman
. fl e s r e h
e h t t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e tt e b a d n if o
T uppe rclas swomen’sl fie i n t he n
i y ll a i c e p s e e m it d l
o theHeianera,t hewrtie rchooseMurasak inouea sanobjec t n a s e m o c e b t a h t l ri g s s a l c w o l d e t p o d a n a s i i k a s a r u M . d e b ir c s e d e b o t
m o w s s a l c r e p p u g n i d n a t s t u
o an .She i sfamou sfo rhe rbroad knowledge abou t t
n e ll e c x e n a f o l o b m y s a s i i k a s a r u M , l e v o n s i h t n I . e r u t a r e ti
l uppe rclas swoman
h s t a h
t ouldbei mtiatedbyothe ruppe rclas swomen .
.
B ProblemFormula iton
h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e h t n i d e b ir c s e d a e d i e h t n o d e s a
B es tudy,t heproblemi s
: s w o ll o f s a d e t a l u m r o f
.
1 Howi st hecharacte ro fMurasak inouedescirbedi nt henovel? .
2 Howdoest hecharacte ro fMurasak inouer epresentt heuppe rclas swomen n
.
C Objec itve soft heStudy
Thepurposeoft hi spaperi stoshowhowt hel fieo fuppe rclas swomeni n e
h
t Heianeracanbeknownt hroughtot hecharacte irsitco fMurasakinouei nt he r
e p a p s i h T . l e v o
n ,f u trhermore ,aimst ounderstandandanswert hequesitonstated n
u d n a w o n k o t t u o b a s i c i p o t e h T . y l s u o i v e r
p derstand howt helfieo fuppe rclas s n
e m o
w int heHeianerat hrought hecharacteirzaitono fMurasak inoueaccording .
l e v o n e h t o t
c e h t w o h t u o b a l a e v e r o t s t n a w o s l a r e ti r w e h
T haracter so fMurasak ino
e
u re lfect sthe uppe rclas swomen at tha t itme and shows how the lfie o fuppe r s
s a l
.
D De ifniitono fTerms .
1 Representa iton according to Longman Dicitonary o fContemporary h
s il g n
E i sapainitng,s ign ,descirpitont hats howss omething.
.
2 Character according to Oxford Advanced Learner’ sDicitonary i sal l c t e , n o it a n , p u o r g , n o s r e p a e k a m t a h t s e it il a u q l a r o m r o l a t n e m e h t
s r e h t o m o r f t n e r e f fi
d (Hornby ,1995:186) .Meanwhliei n A Glossaryo f s
m r e T y r a r e ti
L ,character saret hepersonsr epresented i nadramaitco r
r a
n raitve work ,who are interpreted by the reade ra sbeing endowed s e c n e r e f n i y b s e it il a u q l a n o it o m e d n a , l a u t c e ll e t n i ,l a r o m r a l u c it r a p h ti w
ti g n i y a s f o s y a w e v it c n it s i d r i e h t d n a y a s s n o s r e p e h t t a h w m o r
f — the
e u g o l a i
d — andf romwhatt heydo— theaciton. .
3 Heianeraaccordingt oDamienKeowni nADicitonaryo fBuddhismi s e h t n e h w e m it s ti m o r f e m a n s ti s e k a t t a h t y r o t s i h e s e n a p a J f o d o ir e p a
n a i e H f o y ti c e h t n i d e t a c o l s a w l a ti p a
c -kyo (Kyoto )from 794 unit l
tl u c e s e n i h C y b d e c n e u lf n i y lt a e r g s i a r e s i h T . 5 8 1
1 ureespeciallyi nt he
.) 6 0 1 : 3 0 0 2 , n w o e K ( e r u t a r e ti
l Ivan Mor ir sin hi sbook The World o f e
c n i r P g n i n i h S e h
T said tha t“Genj iand hi scricle were ,to be sure , d e r u tl u c f l e s m i h t n u o c d l u o c n a m o n d n a ; a n i h C f o s r e ri m d a t n e v r e f
d e d n o p s e r r o c t a h w d a h e h s s e l n
u to a ‘classica leducaiton’ ,tha ti sto e l b a s s a p e c u d o r p o t e l b a d n a e r u t a r e ti l e s e n i h C h ti w r a il i m a f s a w , y a s
( ” . e s o r p d n a y rt e o p e s e n i h C f o s n o it a ti m
i Morirs ,1964:10 )Fromwha t y b d e ri m d a s i e r u tl u c e s e n i h C e h t t a h t n e e s e b n a c t i , d i a s s ir r o M n a v I
o e
a n i e s o r p a r o y rt e o p e k a m o t , n a c y e h t f i , d n a n r a e l o t d n e t s s a l c
, a r e n a i e H n i r o d lr o w s ’i j n e G n i t c e p s a e h t ,t a h t s e d i s e B . y a w e s e n i h C
r e p m e e h t f o t n e m t a e rt r e il a v a c e h t o t d e t a l e r e r
a o rand t heprominence
t u o b a n o it s e u q o n e b d l u o c e r e h t h g u o h t n e v E . y t e i c o s n i n e m o w f o
n a i e H s y a w e m o s n i t u b y h c r a r e i h y li m a f e h t n i y c a m e r p u s e l a m
n a m o w n a i e H e h T “ . a r e r e h t o n a n i n e m o w n a h t r e i k c u l e r a n e m o w
n i n o it i s o p e l b a r u o v a f y l b a k r a m e r a d e y o j n
e law .The curren tcode s
e h t f o s r e t h g u a D . y tr e p o r p p e e k d n a t ir e h n i o t t h g ir r e h d e e t n a r a u g
l a i c n i v o r
p -governo r clas s appea r to have been paritculalry wel l f o m r o f e h t n i e c n a ti r e h n i e h t f o e r a h s a g n i v i e c e r y ll a u s u , r o f d e d i v o r p
n i s t h g ir r o y tr e p o r p l a e
r mano ira lestates ,andbeingenitltedbyl awt o 5
0 2 : 4 6 9 1 , s ir r o M ( ” .s e s u o h n w o r i e h t p e e
e
G nj’i slove affari .Genj iwho could no tuntie wtih hi sfris tlove ,looked t he
r e h f o t n e m e c a l p e
r bymakingaffarit oothe rwomen .Becauseoft heaffari ,hewas
m u s o T . e v o l r e h t o n a d n u o f e h e r e h w a m u S o t d e li x
e ma irze ,Tale o fGenij i sa
.t r u o c e h t t a e fi l s i h d n a i j n e G f o r i a f f a e v o l e h t t u o b a y r o t s
s e d i s e
B Genj’i slove affari ,thi snove lalso tell su sthe aspec tabou tthe
s s a l c r e p p
u women societyatt ha t itme. I n theHeian era,t heuppe rclas swomen
n a h t r e i k c u l e r
a uppe rclas swomen i n anothe rerabecausei n theHeian erat hey
.t n e m t a e rt r
e tt e b t
e
g Lyn Reese in
l m t h . 9 n a i e H / m o c . y r o t s i h d lr o w n i n e m o w . w w w // : p tt
h saidt ha:t
n e m o w h g u o h tl
A were excluded from pubilc affaris ,they had in lfuenita l d n a , s e g a ir r a m e t a t s ,s e u g ir t n i e c a l a p n i t s e r e t n i n e e k a g n i k a t ,t r u o c t a s e l o r
. y tr e p o r p n w o d l u o c d n a , s n o it o m o r
p Women could own propetry , be
r e v o l e k a t o t , e t e r c s i d f i , d e w o ll a e r e w d n a , d e t a c u d
e .s
e h
T review explains t hat i n t he Heian era ,uppe rclas swomen have go ta bette r
e h t d e w o ll a e m it t a h t t a w a l e h T . w a l y b d e t c e t o r p e r e w y e h t e s u a c e b t n e m t a e rt
d l u o w y tr e p o r p t a h T . s e v l e s m e h t r o f s t n e r a p r i e h t f o y tr e p o r p e h t p e e k o t n e m o w
s f i m e h t p l e
h omething bad happened such a sthe death o fthei rparent sbefore
h
t eygo tmarired .Atl easti twould keep t hemsurviveuntlit heygo tmariredt o a
. m e h t e d i v o r p d l u o c t a h t n a m e lt n e g g n i s i m o r p
r e h t o n
A reason why t heuppe rclas swomengo tbette r rteatmen twas t hat
c g n i h t e m o
s alled‘ mariragepoilitcs ’spreadi nHeianera .Thef uncitono fmarirage
f I . n e m o w e h t f o s t n e r a p e h t f o n o it i s o p e h t e g n a h c o t r o n e h t g n e rt s o t s a w s c it il o p
e h
t parent scould arrange a marirage wtih a man in high society ,including the
m
e pero rort hep irnce ,theywouldhavenoworryf ort herif uture .AsMorirss aid:
n i n e m o w f o e g it s e r p e h t d e s a e r c n i ti y lt c e ri d n i t u b , e fi w l a p i c n ir p e h t f o
e l p o e p d o o g ‘ e h T . l a r e n e
g ’made themselve sstli lbette rby arranging r o r o r e p m e n a o t e l b i s s o p f i ,s r e t h g u a d r i e h t r o f s e g a ir r a m s u o e g a t n a v d a
r e t n e t h g i m e g a t n e r a p l a i c n i v o r p e l b m u h f o l ri g a n e v E . e c n ir p l a ir e p m i
2 : 4 6 9 1 , s ir r o M ( . k n a r t s e h g i h e h t f o n a m a h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r a o t n
i 0 7)
Theothe r irghtt hatt heuppe rclas swomengeti nHeianerai st heycan tge
t a c u d e e h
t ion even t hough t heeducaiton sonly refer ot ltierature such a spoerty ;
y h p a r g il l a c , c i s u
m and anothe ruppe rclas swoman educaiton .A sLyn said in
l m t h . 9 n a i e H / m o c . y r o t s i h d lr o w n i n e m o w . w w w // : p tt
h :
“Uppe rclas swomen ,a swel la smen ,wereexpected t o becomeexpetrsi n r a e w o t s r o l o c t a h w g n i d u l c n i ,l l e w g n i s s e r d f o t r a e h t d n a , g n it ir w , c i s u m
e p o r p e h t d n a n e h
w rdrapeo fas leeve.”
f o e p y t a r o f m e h t d a e l d l u o w t i , y lt c e f r e p d n a y l e t e l p m o c t i r e t s a m d l u o c y e h t f I
fi l o t d e t c e p x e s a w e h s t a h t e fi l l a r u tl u
c e .From the above review ,i tcould be
n i t a h t d e d u l c n o
c theHeian erauppe rclas swomen have go tabettert reatment .
e v il o h w n e m o w e h t n a h t r e i k c u l e r e w y e h
T d a tanothe rera .Tha tbecomes t he
y h w n o s a e
r the wrtie r wants to wrtie a thesi sabou t ti ,a thesi sabou t the
f o n o it a t n e s e r p e
r uppe rclas swomen’sl fiei nHeianerat hrought heTaleo fGen ij.
s w e i v e R .
B o fRelatedTheories
n o it a z i r e t c a r a h C d n a r e t c a r a h C f o y r o e h T
k o o b s i h n i m a r b
A AGlossaryo fLtieraryTerms ,Abrams( 1993 :23 )said e r a o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r d a n i d e t n e s e r p n o s r e p e h t e r a r e t c a r a h c a t a h t
e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n
i d wtih moral , disposiitonal , and
y a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it o m
e -thedialogue-and bywha t
o d y e h
d e n i m r e t e d k n a r tr u o c t a h t s a w m e t s y s w e n e h t f o e r u t a e f g n i d n a t s t u o e h T
, h tl a e w s ’ e n o d n a t n e m n r e v o g e h t n i t s o p s ’ e n o h t o
b rathert hanviceversa
( . e m o R l a ir e p m I n i d n a a n i h C n i l a m r o n s a w s
a Mor irs ,1964:64)
e r e w e r e h
T two way stha tcan be chosen by somebody i fthey wante d to be
t s ri f , d e t o m o r
p todependon t herif amliyconneciton.I ft herif amliyhadthegood
i w n o it c e n n o
c th othe rhigh rank ,i twa spossible that thei rrank wli lge thighe r
, d n o c e S . s e c n e u lf n i s ’ k n a r h g i h e s o h t f o e s u a c e
b toge tmariredwtihwomenf rom
i
hgherr ankandt hiss ystemwasusefulf o rwoment oo .
a r r a y b r e tt e b l li t s s e v l e s m e h t e d a m ’ e l p o e p d o o g ‘ e h
T ngingadvantageou s
… s r e t h g u a d r i e h t r o f s e g a ir r a m
p i h s n o it a l e r a o t n i r e t n e t h g i m e g a t n e r a p l a i c n i v o r p e l b m u h f o l ri g a n e v E
) 7 0 2 : 4 6 9 1 , s ir r o M ( . k n a r t s e h g i h e h t f o n a m a h ti w
h c i h w y b m e t s y s e h
T peoplearranged advantageousmariragesf ort hei rdaughter
s a
w called‘ mariragepoilitcs’ .Becauseoft he‘ mariragepo ilitcs’ ,women’sr olei n
e h
t Heianerabecamesoi mpo trant .Evensomeitme ,st heparent swho ilvedin t he
m t a h t e c n a h c e h t f o e s u a c e b y o b a n a h t r e h t a r r e t h g u a d a r o f h s i w a r e n a i e
H aybe
y a d e m o
s thei rdaughte rwouldmarryap irnce.
d o ir e p n a i e H e h t n i , e r u s o p x e y b s lr i g y b a b g n il li k f o e c it c a r p e h t m o r f r a F
n a m A . y t e i c o s n i n o it i s o p s ' y li m a f r e h e c n a v d a d l u o c d li h c e l a m e f a y l n o
h g i h s a y l n o s a
w -ranking a shi sfather .Bu ta woman could become a concubineoft heempero ,rt hereforewinning itltesf o rherf ather ,brothers ,
.s n i s u o c d
n a ,
s e l c n u ,
s r e t s i s
(http://www.carliilon.eastkingdom.org/HEIANin rto.html)
n o it i s o p s ’ n e m o w e h t , o s l
A in t hehierarchywasmore lfexiblethan men’s ,even
k n a r w o l e h
t ed women could marry men from an uppe rclas sposiiton .I fthose
a g s e l p u o
c ve brith to a daughter ,maybe they could arrange a marirage o fthei r
e n o e m o s h ti w r e t h g u a
d whose posiiton was highe ro reven an empero rhimsefl .
a g y e h t fi t u
r e t s i s s i h n a h
t .Thi swasalsoexpeirencedbyGenij ,hewasthesonoft heempero r
h f o e s u a c e b t u
b i smother’ shumble bitrh he would neve rhope to become an
y a m e h y ti l a u q e h t r e v e t a h w r e h t a f s i h e k il r o r e p m
e have .
s
A Morirss aidi nhi sbookTheWorldoft heShiningPrince:
s i , r o r e p m e n a f o n o s e h t s i e h h g u o h t , r e v e w o h , fl e s m i h i j n e G
b e l b m u h s ’ r e h t o m s i h y b d e p p a c i d n a h y l b a i d e m e r
ri itrh and can neve r
a h w , r e h t a f s i h d e e c c u s o t e p o
h teve rquail ifcaiton he may have (Mor irs , )
7 0 2 : 4 6 9 1
e h
T uppe rclas swomen who ilved in the Heian era were interesitng
f o e s u a c e
b thei rablitiyi nl tierature ,musicand others .Heianerawastheonlyera
e h
w reuppe rclas swomen were given t he oppo truniite sfo reducaiton especially
. e r u t a r e ti l f o n o it a c u d e e h t
o g a s a d e s u n e tf o s a w y rt e o
P -between among men and women .A tcour t n i a tr e c a f o e g d e l w o n k s 'e n o e t a rt s n o m e d o t n o p u d e ll a c e b t h g i m e n o
a e b d n a , m e o
p ble to wrtie a poem on the spot .Highly forma l"poerty r o m e o p t p e n i n A . s s e n r e v e l c d n a t i w s 'e n o g n it s e t , d e g a t s e r e w " s e it r a p
o s l a d l u o c y h p a r g il l a c r o o P . d e n r o c s d n a t a d e h g u a l s a w e s a r h p d e t o u q s i m
. n o it a t u p e r a n i u
r (http://www.womeninwo lrdhistory.com/Heian9.html )
l
Athough t he uppe rclas swomen i n theHeian era had theoppo truntiy t o
e h t t e
g educaitonbutt hoseeducaitonwa sstli l ilmtied .Theycouldlearnaboutt he
e r e w y e h t t u b e r u t a r e ti
l no tpermitted t ol earnpoilitc ,sl awand othert hings ,only
e r e w o h w n e
m permitted to learn those things .The society in the Heian era
h g u o h
t thatt hel tilteeducaitont hewomengott hebetter .
w s s a l c r e p p
U omen i ntheHeianera ,especially t heonewhohad marired ,
e r e
w neve rallowed to go outside he rhouse i fthere were no tany impo trant
d a h y e h t ,t u o t n e w y ll a n if y e h t fi n e v E . s t n e v
d n u o r r u s t a h t s ll a
w e dheri n ordert onott omeett heeye soft hesrtanger .A sIvan
: d i a s s ir r o M
r e h s a e lt ti l s a s e it i v it c a r o o d t u o n i d e t a p i c it r a p o y K n a i e H f o n e m o w e h T
r e h e v a e l d i d e h s n e h w s n o i s a c c o e r a r n o d n a ; d lr o w m e l s o M e h t n i r e t s i s
x o r e h f o s ll a w e h t e s u o
h -car irage protected her ,more completely than m
o r f , k a m h s a y y n a d l u o
c theeye sofs rtanger .(Mor irs ,1964:210)
In thei rownhouset heystli lhad tobecarefu lnott ogoou tcarelesslybecauset he
k l a w y l b a b o r p e s u o h r i e h t f o t s e u
g edt hrough and sawher .They wereallowedt o
t s e u g e h t h ti w k l a t d n a t e e
m only through the screen o fstate tha twas placed
e h t n e e w t e
b womenand t hegues teven fit hegues twashe rownf ather .Also t he
e h t e r e h w m o o
r uppe rclas swomen usually spend t hei r itmea thousewasin t he
o
c ndiiton o fsemi-obscurtiy ,meant tha tthey could not disitnguish the day and
. k r a d o o t s i m o o r e h t e s u a c e b t h g i n
s a w s s e n il e n o
L par to fthe lfie o fuppe rclas swomen in the Heian era .
t n a v r e s f o s t o l e v a h o t d n e t n e m o w s s a l c r e p p
U s fo rthei rselve sonly so they
e r e
w freef romt hechore sandalsot heneedt olooka tfe rhe rchlid .Whatt hey od ne
s a w y a d y r e v
e jus tstiitng fo rhour sa tthei rroom and gazing into space .Thei r
s a w t n e m n i a tr e t n e y l n
o whensomel ettersf romt hei rmaleorf emalef irend scame
d l u o c y e h t o
s read andwrtiet hel ettersback.I ntheHeianera ,al etterbecamet he
y e h T . e v o l e h n a m o w e h t o t n a m a r o f n o it a c i n u m m o c n i a
m dh a towrtieseveral
n a m o w e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p e h t t e g o t r e d r o n i t s ri f s r e tt e
l ’sf atheri norderto see
p e h T . g n it e e m e t a v ir p n i n a m o w e h
t irvatemeeitngi nt hi scasedid no tmeantha t
m e h t f o o w t e h t y l n o t s u
j bu talso wtih t he presen toft hewoman’ sservant sand
s a w t a h t e t a t s f o n e e r c s e h
t placedbetween t hel over .s Screen o fstatewas likea
s a w n o it c n u f h c i h w n i a tr u
f o n e m o
W a irstocraitc statu sspen tmos tof t hei r itmea sadutl sstiitng i n .s
e c n e d i s e r ri e h
t A smenitonedabove,t heser esidence sgenerallyhadaf ew .s
m o o r n e p o e g r a l y r e
v Po trablescreen smadeoff ab ircand cu train swere o t s t n a d n e tt a d n a s t n a v r e s h ti W . s m o o r e s e h t g n i d i v i d f o s n a e m r o j a m e h t
y l e v it a l e r e r e w e r e h t , n e r d li h c f o e r a c g n i k a t g n i d u l c n i , k r o w e h t l l a o d
. n o it n e tt a g n ir i u q e r s r e tt a m g n i s s e r p w e
f Boredom wa sa problem fo r
y e h t s a n e m o w c it a r c o t s ir a y n a
m sa tbehind screen swtih t hei rattendant .s (http://www.persona.lpsu.eduf/acutly/g//jgjs4t/extbooks/172/ch3.htm )
q e h
T uotaitonaboveshowst hebo irngl fieo fuppe rclas swomeni ntheHeianera .
e h
T uppe rclas swomenwhodidno tpermtito go outside ,wa sonly stiitng i n he r
. o d o t g n i h t e m o s t o g y ll a n if y e h t o s e m o c o t r e tt e l e l g n i s a r o f g n i g g e b m o o r
e h t , e fi l y l e n o l d n a g n ir o b r i e h t n i d n e n a t u p o
T uppe rclas swomen inthe
e d a m y ll a u s u a r e n a i e
H themselve sbusy by sewing and dyeing mateirals .They
d l u o
c also learn more o fthei reducaiton such a scalilgraphy exercises ,music
h s il g n E n i y r o t s r o i r a t a g o n o m s u o r e m u n o t g n i n e t s il , s e g n a h c x e y rt e o p , e c it c a r p
r
o they could enjoy cu tlura land aritsitc pursu tis .Anothe rdisrtaciton was when
s e f e h
t itval so rceremonie swere held so they could visi tsome t emple snear t he
.l a ti p a c
k r o w e m a r F l a c it e r o e h T . D
e z y l a n a o t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t e h t e s u l li w r e ti r w e h T
e h
t uppe rclas swomen’sl fiei n Heianera .Ther eviewo fuppe rclas swomen’ s
a r e n a i e H e h t n i e fi
l wli lhelp t hewrtier t o understandthel fie o fHeian uppe r
n e m o w s s a l
c .Sot hatt hewrtie rcange tabette runderstandingo fhowt heuppe r
. d e v il a r e n a i e H n i n e m o w s s a l c
h c d n a r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t e h
T aracteirzaitonwli lhelpt hewrtiert oanswe r
. d e d e e n s i c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t , a r e e n o n i y t e i c o s f o d n i k t a h w e e s o t r e d r o n I
t , c it s ir e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t e h t g n i s u y b y h w s i t a h
T hewrtie rwli lsuccessfully
. e m it t a h t t a d e v il y t e i c o s e h t w o h y a w e h t d n a t s r e d n u
e h t y fi t n e d i ll i w r e ti r w e h t y lt s ri f , h c r a e s e r s i h t g n i o d n
I characteirsitco f
U o n i k a s a r u
M e ,one o fthe majo rcharacte rin Murasaki Shikibu’s Tale o f ij
n e
G .A tfert hedescirpiton, t he wrtie rwli l ifnd ou thow t hecharacteirsitco f o
n i k a s a r u
M Uecan r epresentt hel fieo fwomeni n Heianera .Theconclusion
7 1
I I R E T P A H
C I
Y G O L O D O H T E M
.
A Objec toft heStudy
ij n e G f o e l a T e h
T w irttennealry1000year sagobynoothert hanMurasaki
u b i k i h
S ,t hi s54chapterl ongr omancei ss e twtihint heHeianpeirodofJ apan . tIi s
e r u tl u c e u q i n u , h c ir e h t o t t n e m a t s e t a s a g n i v r e s y b e r e h t e s e n a p a J e r u p n i n e tt ir w
t s e il r a e e h t s p a h r e p s a t i l e b a l e d i w d lr o w s r a l o h c s d n a s c it ir C . n a p a J l a v e i d e M f o
l e v o n e u
rt int hehistoryoft hewo lrd .A sat estamentt ot hi ,st henoveils tYasunar i
a t a b a w a
K said in hi sNobe lP irze acceptance speech :"The Tale o fGenij in
y a d r u o o t n w o d n e v E . e r u t a r e ti l e s e n a p a J f o e l c a n n i p t s e h g i h e h t s i r a l u c it r a p
. " ti h ti w e r a p m o c o t n o it c if f o e c e i p a n e e b t o n s a h e r e h t
T e h
T ale o fGenij i sthe story abou tGenij ,the son o fempero rand
s i h T . ) r o r e p m e e h t f o e n i b u c n o c e ti r u o v a f e h t( o b u s ti ri
K Taleo fGeniji sdivided
, n r o b s a w i j n e G n e h W . ij n e G f o n r o b e h t t u o b a s i tr a p t s ri f e h T . s tr a p e e r h t o t n i
a e v a h d l u o w ) ij n e G ( d li h c s i h t t a h t d e t c i d e r p o h w e g a S n a e r o K a s a w e r e h t
r u t u f t n a il li r
b ebu tunfo trunatelynotl ongatfert ha tGenj’i smothe rbecame li land
e h T . tr u o c t a s l a v ir r e h m o r f d e v i e c e r e h s t a h t y s u o l a e j e h t f o e s u a c e b d e i d
f o t n e m e c a l p e r e h t h c r a e s o t d e ir t , s s e n il e n o l s i h r a e b t o n d l u o c o h w r o r e p m e
r e p m e e h t y ll a n if d n a o b u s ti ri
K o rfound Fujtisubo who reminded him o fhi s
b u s ti ri K o t r a li m i s y r e v s a w e c a f s ’ o b u s ti j u F e s u a c e b e v o l r e m r o
f o .Lack of t he
e v o l s ’ r e h t o
m ,Genj isearched ti i n Fujtisubo and apparenlty hebecamecloset o
g i j n e G l it n u d e u n it n o c s a w p i h s n o it a l e r s i h t d n a r e
w a s e h w o n t a h t d e z il a e r ij n e
G Fujtisubono ta samothe ranymorebu tas awoman
e v o l e h t a h
t d and wante d to marry .Atlhough he knew tha tFujtisubo w as hi s
e r p p u s t o n d l u o c e h l li t s t u b e n i b u c n o c s ’ r e h t a
f s shisf eeilng .Fujtisubo who was
o t d e s u f e r d n a m i h h ti w e c n a t s i d a e k a m o t d e ir t ,r e h d r a w o t e v o l s ’i j n e G f o e r a w a
d e d i c e d i j n e G , o b u s ti j u F t e g t o n d l u o c e h t a h t g n i w o n K . fl e s r e h y b y l n o m i h t e e m
h ti w e r u t n e v d a e v o l s ’i j n e G f o g n i n n i g e b e h t s a w e r e h d n a e v o l r e h t o n a d n if o t
t o
l so fwomeni ncludingMurasak inoUe .Thefris tpar toft henove li salsot elilng
d n u o r a d n a n i s e i d a l f o y t e ir a v a h ti w e r u t n e v d a e v o l s i h t u o b a s
u theHeianctiy.
e s e h
T cond pa tr b ns egi wtih the death o fGenj’i sfather ,the emperor .
e s u a c e b e li h w n a e
M t of hel ovescandal ,Gen ijforced to l eavet hecaptia land he
d a
h to ilvei n Sumaf o rsevera lyear .sI n Suma ,Genj ime twtih LadyAkash iwho
. lr i g y b a b a m i h e v i g d l u o w r e t a
l Finally ,atfe rGenij returned t o t hecap tial ,hi s
d e r o t s e r s a w t r u o c e h t n i n o it i s o
p andhealsomademorer elaitonship wtih othe r
e b s e i d a
l fore Murasak ino Ue’ sdeath gave the sign o fthe end o fGenj’i slove
. e r u t n e v d a
e v o l e h t o t d e tf i h s t i t u b e r o m y n a i j n e G t u o b a t o n s a w r e t p a h c t s a l e h T
d n a u r o a K , n o s d n a r g d n a n o s s ’i j n e G f o e r u t n e v d
a Niou .
.
B Approachoft heStudy
t I . h c a o r p p a l a c ir o t s i H l a r u tl u C l a i c o S e h t e s u l li w r e ti r w e h t y d u t s s i h t n I
m e l b o r p f o s r e w s n a e h t d n if o t r e ti r w e h t p l e h o t h c a o r p p a e t a ir p o r p p a t s o m e h t s i
d e s u s i h c a o r p p a s i h
T in orde rto relate the nove lto the society in old
. a r e n a i e H n i e fi l s ’ n e m o w e h t y fi t n e d i o t r e ti r w e h t p l e h l li w t i , y ll u f e p o H . n a p a J
.
C Methodoft heStudy
ir w e h t t a h t s p e t s e m o s e r a e r e h t n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o
T te r
d e e
n s to ifnd the resutl .Frislty ,the wrtie rmus t ifnd the characte irzaiton o f
U o n i k a s a r u
M eaccording t o he rdescirpiton o raciton i n t he novel .Thesecond
e h t y fi t n e d i t s u m r e ti r w e h t ,s p e t
s uppe rclas swomen’sl fiea tHeian erat hrough
e h
t characteirsitc o fMurasak ino Ue .The theory o fcharacte rby Abram in hi s
k o o
b A Glossary o fLtierary Terms and characteirzaiton by Barne tin hi sbook
a m a r D d n a y r t e o P , n o it c i F , s y a s s E : n o it is o p m o C r o f e r u t a r e ti
L wli lhelp the
h t n i s u c o f n i a m e h T . t u o t i e r u g if o t r e ti r
w i sw iritngi st o ifndt hecharacteirzaiton
U o n i k a s a r u M f
o e and from t hatt he wrtie rwli l ifnally ifnd ou thow t he uppe r
s s a l
c women i n Heianera ilved .Library r esearchwa susedt o gatheri nformaiton
f o k o o b e h t s i e c r u o s n i a m e h T . g n it ir w s i h t r o
f Tale o fGenij by Murasaki
; g n it ir w e h t t r o p p u s t a h t s k o o b m o r f d e t c e ll o c s i a t a d r e h t o e h t d n A . u b i k i h S
a t a d o s l a d n a , e l p o e p e h t d n a n a p a J t u o b a s k o o b , e r u t a r e ti l f o s k o o b l a c it e r o e h t
1 2
V I R E T P A H C
S I S Y L A N A
.
A Descrip itonabou tMurasak inoUeCharacteriza iton U
o n i k a s a r u
M ei sonecharacte ro ftheuppe rclas swomen inTheTaleo f
ij n e
G .Heres ome characteirzaitono fMurasak inoUet hatt hewrtie rha sfound:
.
1 Clever
r o f n o it a c u d e e h t n i s u c o f n i a m e h
T uppe rclas swomeni nHeianeraist ha t
e r u t a r e ti l d n a c i s u m r e t s a m o t e v a h y e h
t such a spoem ,calilgraphyand other .s I t
, k o o b s ir r o M n i d e t a t s s
i TheWorldo fShiningPrince:
ir t s n e v e s e h t y a l p o t n r a e l t s u m u o y t x e N
… ng ztihe rbettert hananyone
f o s k o o b y t n e w t e h t n i s m e o p e h t ll a e z ir o m e m t s u m u o y o s l a d n A . e s l e
e h
t KokinShū , calilgraphy ,music and poerty – these were the main d o o g a d e d i v o r p y e h t r e h t e g o t d n a ; n o it a c u d e s ’ n a m o w a f o s t n e n o p m o c
f o e p y t e h t r o f s i s a
b cutlura llfie she wa sexpected to lead .(Morirs , )
9 0 2 : 4 6 9 1
n i e l p o e p r o
F the Heian era ,Chinese ltierature i shighly accepted and
d e r o d
a by people from high class .Murasak iwho i sadopted by Genj ialso gets
i k a s a r u M , l e v o n s i h t n i y h w s i t a h T . n o it a c u d e s s a l c r e p p
u i swell-known as t he
s s a l c r e p p
u woman who is good a tltierature .Murasak i ilve sin the Heian era ,
e l p o e p e r e h
w moslty use poem in every conversaiton. tI i sbecause i n the Heian
a s i e r e h t a r
e rtadiiton o ra habi twhere people have to inser ta poem in every
y e h T . e k a m y e h t t a h t n o it a s r e v n o
c cannot inser twhicheve rpoem they ilke ;i t
n o it c e n n o c e h t e v a h t s u
m wtih the sentence stha tthey are spoken before .The
e b n a c m e o
p deirved from a book o rthey can make i tbythei rselves .The
e c n e g il l e t n
i k a s a r u M ( . e m o s d n a h s a e c i w t n w o r g d a
h Shikibu ,2010:455)
f o e m a n e h t , n o k
U et h servant ,said tha tMurasaki wa sbeautfiul .Ukon
e h s t a h t d i a s o s l
a ha sneve rseen anything a sbeautfiu la sLady Murasaki i n he r
s f i r e il g u e b d l u o w n a m o w a , y ll a m r o N . e fi
l hebecame olde rbuti n Murasak’i s
m e l b o r p a t o n s a w t a h t , e s a
c .Thi swa sasurp irsing f actf o rUkon who ha sneve r
r o f i k a s a r u M h ti w t e
m somemonths .
e d i s e
B s Ukon ,the olde rservan tin Genj’i shouse ,the wrtie ralso ifnds
. y t u a e b s ’i k a s a r u M g n ir i m d a o s l a , ij n e G f o n o s , ir i g u
Y tIi sknown t ha tawoman
b s u h r e h d n a r e h t a f r e h s e d i s e b e n o y n a o t f l e s r e h w o h s t o n d l u o h
s and bu there
ir i g u
Y can see Murasak ibecause by acciden.t Whlie Yugri icame acros sthe
b u o d t a e r g e h t t a h t d e c it o n e h , e v il i k a s a r u M e r e h w e c a l p e h t , g n i w n r e t s a
e le
s ’i k a s a r u M o t n i g n i d a e l s r o o
d room were hafl-open .Wtihou tthinking Yugri i
h t h g u o r h t s k e e
p edoor ,st hatwast he itmehes awMurasak.i
d e r e h t f o m o s s o l b e h t n w a d t a s a m i h n o p u d e h s a lf y t u a e b r e H
y p e e l s l li t s s ’ r e l e v a rt e h t n o p u t s i m e h t f o t u o s e m a lf y r r e h c g n ir e w o lf
a h g u o h t s a , m i h d e u b m i y l n e d d u s , m i h d r a w o t d e tf a w s a w t I . e y e
m u f r e p g n o rt
s e had been dashed agains thi sface .She wa s more i
k a s a r u M ( . n e e s r e v e d a h e h n a m o w y n a n a h t l u fi t u a e
b Shikibu ,
) 1 3 5 : 0 1 0 2
u Y t a h t s w o h s e v o b a n o it a t o u q e h
T gri icouldnott akehi seyes to u o fhe rbecause
e h n a m o w l u fi t u a e b t s o m e h t s a w i k a s a r u
M had eve rseen .Yug ri iha sneve rseen
e r o m e n o y n
a elegance and beautfiu lthan Murasaki .Beside sMurasaki ,Yugri i
n e e s o s l
a severa lwomen in tha troom who wa sthe servan tand Murasak’i s
n e m o w e lt n e
g and Yugri idid no tdoubtt hatt heyweregood l ooking t oo ;bu tstli l
i g u
Y ir’ satten itoncouldno tbeabruptfromMurasak’i sappearance .Yugri i ifnally
d o o t s r e d n
w e n
k tha tYugri iwouldl oseconrtol ,fiheevers awMurasaki .
Fromt hoset woquotaiton sabove,t hewrtie r ifndst hef actt hatf o ranyone
e r a y e h t r e h t e h w i k a s a r u M w a s o h
w man o rwoman ;they alway ssaid tha t
l u fi t u a e b s a w i k a s a r u
M .EvenGenj iwassuret ha tevery manwho’ evese no rmet
h ti
w Murasak iwli lneve rbeable t o conrto lhimsefl .So t he wrtie rcan conclude
. y t e i c o s s ’ a r e n a i e H r o f y t u a e b l a e d i e h t h ti w h c t a m e c n a r a e p p a s ’i k a s a r u M t a h t
e n o f o y t u a e b e h t w o h s o t y a w y l n o e h t t o n s i e c a f l u fi t u a e b g n i v a
H fls .e
t a h t r o t c a f t n a tr o p m i r e h t o n a s i s e h t o l c g n i h c t a m d n a g n i s o o h c f o l li k s e h
T mus t
e h t n i n a m o w s s a l c r e p p u l a e d i e h t s a i k a s a r u M . a r e n a i e H n i n e m o w y b e v a h
r o f d e s u y l n o t o n s i s e h t o l c h c t a m d n a e s o o h c o t y ti li b a e h T . y ti li b a s i h t s a h l e v o n
. o o t s e h t o l c s ’i j n e G r o f t u b e n o l a f l e s r e h
e h s h c i h w s d n e d n a s d d o r e h t o d n a s e h t o l c e h
T sen thim were al lof t he
i k a s a r u M ( .r o l o c d n a e k a m e t a c il e d t s o
m Shikibu ,2010:241)
q e h
T uotaitonabovei st akenf romt hechapte rwhen Geniji sexlied .Alongwtiha
a s a r u M , r e tt e
l k ialso sen tGenj’i sclothes .Genj iwho received ti ,did notprotes t
t t u o b
a he clothe so rthe colo ro f ti .I tmean stha tGenj iwa ssaitsifed wtih
.s e h t o l c e h t h c t a m d n a e s o o h c o t y ti li b a s ’i k a s a r u M
.
3 Lonely
s a , i k a s a r u
M an uppe rclass woman who ilved i n theHeian era ,doe sno t
e h S . s e k il e h s r e v e n e h w e d i s t u o o g o t m o d e e r f e h t e v a
h ha sto ilve inside he r
r o f e d i s t u o o g o T . e m it t h g i n e h t g n ir u d n e v e , e m it e h t l l a m o o
r uppe rclas s
n i d e ti b i h o r p y ll a t o t s i i k a s a r u M e k il n a m o
w theHeianera.
a f f a s ’i j n e G t u o b
a i .r
o ji N e h t m o r f s e c n e s b a t n e u q e r f s i h e li h w n a e
M -in had arleady convinced
o t d e ir t e h S . e b y l b i s s o p d l u o c t i s a s u o ir e s s a s a w r i a f f a e h t t a h t i k a s a r u M
t t u b , n o it a ti g a r e h l a e c n o
c herewere itme swhen i twa sevident t ha tshe e m o c s a h t a h W “ : y a d e n o r e h o t d i a s ij n e G d n a , g n i p e e w y lt e r c e s n e e b d a h
o s e b d l u o h s u o y y h w n o s a e r y n a e n i g a m i t o n n a c I ? y l e t a l u o y r e v o
e h t d a e h e r o f r e h m o r f k c a b r i a h e h t e k o rt s y lt n e g e h s a d n a ; ” d e s s e r p e
d y
i k a s a r u M ( . e r u t c i p a o t n i t h g i a rt s t u p t h g i m u o y s a r i a p a h c u s d e k o o l
) 3 9 3 : 0 1 0 2 , u b i k i h S
t a ti g a r e h e d i h o t t p m e tt a s ’i k a s a r u M s w o h s n o it a t o u q e v o b a e h
T ion when she
d a h i j n e G t a h t w e n
k an affai rwtih othe rwoman .Bu tsomeitmes ,she could no t
r a e
b i tanymoreandbegant oweeps ecrelty .Genj ieve raskedf ort her easono fhe r
s i h d r a w o t tl e f i k a s a r u M t a h t y s u o l a e j e h t d n a t s r e d n u t o n d i d e h l li t s t u b g n i y r c
ri a f f
a . tIi sobvioust ha tfo rGen ij ,Murasak’i sfeeilngwa snot i mpo trant .Hedid
h t k n i h t t o
n a thi saffari swould hur tMurasak ’i sfeeilng asl ong a shestli lcared
n o p s e r s i h l li fl u f d n
a siblitiy a sMurasak’i s husband . Murasaki could not do
h S . ti t u o b a g n i h t y n
a e did no thave the powe rto change the way o fGenj’i s
t h g u o h
t .Wheneve rMurasaki t ired t o scold Genj iabou thi saffari ,Genj ialway s
r e h d l o c
s back andsaidt ha tshewa saselifshwoman who didno tunderstand he r
e m a c e b i k a s a r u M . g n il e e f s ’ d n a b s u
h afraid thati fsheconitnued he rrage ,Genj i
d l u o
w bevery angryand l eaveherf o rsure .Wtiht hatt hought tha talway silnger s
M n
i urasak’i smind ,Murasak idecided to stop he rscolding abou tGenj’i saffai r
d e ir t d n
a to hide the feeilng o frage and sadn ess inside he rhear.t In fact ,a sa
o h w n a m o
w ilved i n the Heian era Murasak idid no thave t he power to rule he r
k o o t o h w n a m a y l n o , d n a b s u
h theconrto lo feverything.
. e l b a n o it s e u q r e g n o l o n s i y li m a f e h t n i y c a m e r p u s e l a m , a r e n a i e H e h t n I
a
.
B TheRepresenta itono fUpperClas sWomen’ sLfiei nt heHeianEra C
e h t h g u o r h
t haracteriza itono fMurasak inoUe
i k a s a r u M n
I Shikibu’ snove lTale so fGenij ,Murasak inoUe i soneoft he
r e t c a r a h c e l a m e
f s in the story which can represent the uppe rclas swomen who
e v
il d in Heian era .Murasak’i sfathe ri sp irnce Hyobukyo the son o fforme r
s a l c r e p p u m o r f t o n s i r e h t o m s ’i k a s a r u M f o e s u a c e b t u b r o r e p m
e st hen Murasak i
t o n s e o
d belong to uppe rclas ssociety t oo .A tfe rGenj’i sadopiton ,Murasak ican
. e r o f e b n a h t n o it i s o p r e h g i h o t b m il c
.
1 T I he ntelilgen tUpperClas sWomeni nLtierature ,Musicand Calilgraphyint heHeianEr a
e h t s t n e s e r p e r t a h t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c s ’i k a s a r u M r e h t
O uppe rclas sHeian
t a h t g n i h t s r e h t o d n a y h p a r g il l a c , c i s u m , e r u t a r e ti l t u o b a e g d e l w o n k r e h s i n e m o w
. n o it i s o p r i e h t o t t n a tr o p m i s i
n i s tr e p x e e m o c e b o t d e t c e p x e e r e w , n e m s a l l e w s a , n e m o w s s a l c r e p p U
. ll e w g n i s s e r d f o t r a e h t d n a , g n it ir w , c i s u m
(http://www.womeninwo lrdhistory.com/Heian9.html)
e h t t a h t e r u s e k a m o
T uppe rclas swomeni nHeianeraha sagoodbasisf o r
it a c u d e n r a e l o t e v a h y e h t , d a e l o t d e t c e p x e s a w e h s e fi l l a r u tl u c f o e p y t e h
t on
: s a h c u s
e n o y n a n a h t r e tt e b r e h ti z g n ir t s n e v e s e h t y a l p o t n r a e l t s u m u o y t x e N …
f o s k o o b y t n e w t e h t n i s m e o p e h t ll a e z ir o m e m t s u m u o y o s l a d n A . e s l e
e h
t KokinShū , calilgraphy , music and poerty – these were the main .
n o it a c u d e s ’ n a m o w a f o s t n e n o p m o
c (Morirs ,1964:209)
m e o p e h T . s k o o b e h t n i s m e o p e h t ll a e z ir o m e m o t s i s n o it a c u d e e s o h t f o e n
O s
e r
