ABSTRAK
HIV/AIDS merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang mengkhawatirkan karena pola perkembangannya seperti fenomena gunung es (iceberg phenomena). Penderita HIV/AIDS di klinik VCT RSUD Dr. Pirngadi pada tahun 2010, 2011, dan 2012 berturut-turut 10,59%, 10,21%, dan 15,81%. Angka ini menunjukan bahwa jumlah kunjungan di klinik VCT RSUD Dr. Pringadi Medan selama tiga tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan yang cukup berarti. Hal ini diduga dipengaruhi faktor Health Belief Model (HBM).
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh faktor sosiodemografi, sosiopsikologi, struktural, dan persepsi tentang HIV/AIDS dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan klinik VCT RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan tahun 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey eksplanantory dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian sebanyak 178 orang penderita HIV/AIDS yang melakukan kunjungan ulang ke VCT dan setelah diambil secara consecutive sampling yang menjadi sampel adalah 114 orang. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis X2
Hasil penelitian menunjukan akses ke klinik VCT (p= 0,05; RP= 0,44) dan persepsi positif terhadap pelayanan VCT (p= 0,00; RP=2,28) mempengaruhi pemanfaatan layanan VCT di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan, dan tidak terdapat pengaruh usia, pendidikan, status perkawinan, pengetahuan dan persepsi keseriusan terhadap pemanfaatan klinik VCT di RSUD Dr.Pirngadi Medan.
dan regresi logistic pada taraf nyata α=0,05.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis disimpulkan akses layanan ke klinik VCT dan persepsi positif terhadap pelayanan VCT merupakan faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi pemanfaatan layanan VCT. Disarankan kepada pimpinan klinik VCT RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan dan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Medan hendaknya dapat menggunakan HBM untuk pencegahan HIV/AIDS dan mengembangkan kampanye komunikasi untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan layanan VCT dengan cara mempermudah akses ke VCT, meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan VCT dan pengetahuan penderita HIV/AIDS dan kelompok resiko tinggi tentang keseriusan HIV/AIDS.
Kata Kunci : Pelayanan VCT, HIV/AIDS, Health Belief Model
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ABSTRACT
HIV/AIDS is a very serious public health problem because its development pattern is like an iceberg phenomenon. HIV/AIDS patients in the VCT Clinic at RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan, in 2010, 2011, and 2012 were 10.59%, 10.21%, and 15.81% consecutively. These figures indicate that the number of visits to the VCT Clinic at Dr. Pirngadi, Medan, in the last three years has increased significantly. It is most probably influenced by the factor of Health Belief Model (HBM).
The objective of the research was to find out the influence of socio-demographic, socio-psychological, structural, and perceptive factors of HIV/AIDS on the use of service in the VCT Clinic at Dr. Pirngadi, Medan, in 2013. The research was an explanatory survey with cross sectional approach. 114 HIV/AIDS patients were used as the samples, taken by using consecutive method. The data were analyzed by using X2
The result of the research showed that access to the VCT Clinic(p = 0.05; RP = 0.44) and positive perception on the VCT service (p =0.00; RP = 2.28) influenced the use of the VCT service at RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan. It also showed that there was no influence of age, education, marital status, knowledge, and perception of the seriousness in the use of the VCT Clinic at RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan.
analysis with logistic regression test at the significance level of
α = 0.05.
Based on the analysis, it was concluded that access to the VCT Clinic and positive perception on the VCT service were the most dominant factor which influenced the use of the VCT service. It is recommended that the management of the VCT Clinic at RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan, and Medan Health Service should be ableto use HBM in order to inhibit HIV/AIDS and to develop communication campaign in order to increase VCT service by facilitating the access to VCT, to increase VCT service quality and the knowledge of HIV/AIDS patients and of high risk groups in the seriousness of HIV/AIDS.
Keywords: VCT Service, HIV/AIDS, Health Belief Model
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