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(1)

Satoumi

Approach for

Realizing Sustainable Coastal Use in a Rias-type

Bay: a Case of Shizugawa Bay in Sanriku Coast after

the Huge Tsunami on 11 March 2011

(Theme 2: Sanriku Coast)

Teruhisa Komatsu, Shuji Sasa

(Yokohama College of Commerce)

Shigeru Montani

(Hokkaido University)

Osamu Nishimura, Takashi Sakamaki

(Tohoku University)

Chihiro Yoshimura, Manabu Fujii

(Tokyo Institute of Technology)

and

(2)

Huge tsunami on 11 March 2011

Huge tsunami hit

(3)

Shizugawa Bay

5 km

(4)

Studies on Shizugawa Bay

Monitoring the succession of coastal habitats

and aquaculture facilities

Clarifying material flows of nutrients, Fe and

organic carbon from land to the sea

(5)

Red and blue polygons indicate aquaculture areas permitted to Tokura Branch and

Shizugawa ranch of Shizugawa istrict Fishermen’s ooperative

Green, red and yellow are seaweed, oyster and salmon aquaculture, respectively

Reduction of oyster aqaculture rafts

after the tsunami in 2011 by fishermen

3 February 2009

15 January 2014

Shizugawa Branch area Shizugawa Branch area

(6)

Temporal changes in aquaculture facilities of oyster and

seaweed in Tokura (red) and Shizugawa (blue) areas

Oyster

Seaweed

Decreases of rafts to

30% in Tokura and 50%

in Shizugawa

Decrease of rafts to

30% in Tokura

Sustainable production and environment

(7)

Growth of oysters

A-0m B-0m C-0m C-8m D

B

C

A

Wet weight of flesh (g/ind)

D

Decrease in rafts to 30%

Decrease in rafts to 50%

C-0m D-0m

B-0m A-0m

Oysters in Tokura grow better than in Shizugawa

Shizugawa Branch area

(8)

8

Organic carbon content in feces and pseudofeces (%)

O

Decrease of rafts

increases productivity

of oyster with

decrease in

environmental load

Organic carbon content in feces and pseudofeces of oyster

depending on age

Increase in oxygen consumption rate due to increase in organic carbon content in feces and pseudofeces through decrease in

assimilation rate by aging

Increase in growth of oyster due to diminution of rafts shortens culture duration from more than 18 months to more than 10 months

(9)

Monitoring a recovery process of seagrass and seaweed

beds with satellite remote sensing

Seagrass beds

Seaweed beds

Nov. 2009 Feb. 2012 Jan. 2014

Recovered seagrass beds

Seagrass beds not recovered yet

(ha)

Growing on

hard debris Removal of hard debris

(10)

GeoEye-1 shot on 12 Feb. 2015 Devastated seaweed

beds by sea urchins

Seagrass bed Seaweed bed:

Sargassum horneri

Seaweed bed:

Saccharina japonica

Muddy bottom

1 km

Shizugawa Port

2014年か 各所でウニに る磯焼けの発生

Importance of monitoring of a transitional

coastal ecosystem

(11)

West of Tsubaki Island in January 2015

2000 2005 2010 2015

岩手

宮城

Explosive increase in sea urchins due to stop of fisheries

Trophic cascade

(t)

Statistics of agriculture, forestry and fisheries

Sea urchin fisheries to support biodiversity in

coastal waters: Satoumi activity

Landing of sea urchins (t)

Prefecture

Iwate

(12)

Preliminary overview on standing stocks and flux of nutrients

in inner area of Shizugawa Bay in October 2015

DIN from the rivers is a quarter of that from the open sea

DIN from oyster is 7% of its standing stock in the bay head

S13-2-(2)

Regeneration rate

DIN: +0.08 DIP: +0.002 Suspended

particles

Macroalgae etc.

Transfer rate of C: 2%

Inflow from rivers DIN: +8.1

(13)

Open

sea

Preliminary overview of standing stock and flux of Fe in inner area of

Shizugawa Bay in July2014

Dissolved Fe 130 kg

Intake of Fe 1.4 kg/day

Oyster and

other bivalves 0.5 kg To the bay

0.31 kg/d Sedimentation

in estuaries 3.1 kg/d With freshwater from land

3.4 kg/d Phytoplankton

5.0 kg*

Feeding 0.03 kg/d

River discharge supplies

22% of Fe for Fe required

by phytoplanktons

(14)

Open ocean

Zooplankton and phytoplankton 42.80

Oysters and others

Feeding 0.70

海底泥

Feces and pseudofeces 0.14 Preliminary overview of particulate organic matter (Carbon t/d) in July 2014

Exchange with atmosphere

Supply of POM from the rivers is little due to small quantity of water discharge

(15)

Reproduction and prediction of marine environments

in Shizugawa Bay by using ecological simulation

Co-design with Fishermen, administrators of

Minami-Sanriku Town and Miyagi Prefecture and us

Reproduction

Marine environments before and after the tsunami

for tuning the model

Prediction

Number of rafts and their deployment, and land use

(16)

Co-design: discussion for developing an ecological

model of Shizugawa Bay on 14 July 2013

Discussion among Minamisanriku Town, Shizugawa Bay

(17)

A simulation result of oyster flesh weight

Bad growth in the bay head area Good growth along the channel

One year old oyster

on 1 October 2009

One year old oyster

on 1 October 2014

Good growth in all areas

6 Flesh weight per oyster

in 2009 before the reduction

of oyster aquaculture

(18)

0.31

Catches and amounts before and after the

reduction of rafts

242.6

Catch (ton/raft)

(19)

The first council for examination of future Shizugawa Bay

.Date 30 April 2015

.Place Public hall of Shizugawa Town

.Organizer Committee for examination of future Shizugawa Bay

.Participants: 16 fishermen, 3 cooperative officers, 3 Miyagi Prefecture

officers, 2 Minami Sanriku Town officers, 1 journalist, 1 WWF officer and 10 researchers

.Objective Introduction of project of Shizugawa Bay Research and

(20)

The second council for examination of future Shizugawa Bay

.Date 19 May 2016

.Place Conference room of Shizugawa Branch, Miyagi Prefectural

Fisheries Cooperative

.Organizer Council for examination of future Shizugawa Bay

.Participants: 6 fishermen, 3 cooperative officers, 2 Miyagi Prefecture

officers, 1 Ministry of Environment officer, 1 Ishinomaki City officer, 1 WWF officer and 11 researchers

.Objective Introduction of project of Shizugawa Bay Research and

(21)

Providing rafts data for acquisition of ASC certificate that proves

sustainable aquaculture and respect for healthy environments

Co-design, co-production, co-delivery

Co-

productio ith Fisher e ’s Cooperati e a d

WWF

(22)

Teri makasih

Thank you very much!

http://www.jarl-chiba.com/2009/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%8B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%B1%80%E9%95%B7/%E8%8A%B120.htm

Prosperous Satoumi villages with healthy coastal sea with

high biodiversity and productivity, and sound marine

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