ωιχχιμ ωόσιψσ Κέμσ
ὕέέέέὕ mn.ardi@unissula.ac.id
bstract
is stdy proids ₎⅓dll⅞h ⅓in h ⅞nd his strggl on’wh to r⅞l his ⅔ontri⅓tioninth’woIsl⅞mp⅞rti⅔l⅞rlyinIsl⅞mi⅔d⅔⅞tionInmthodology thisp⅞prsdindpthlitr⅞trri⅞nd⅞n⅞n⅞lysistohighlighthisno⅓lorks inordrtoin⅔r⅞sprstigoIsl⅞minIndonsi⅞throghd⅔⅞tionldisstdy ndsth⅞t₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhh⅞sgr⅞t⅔ontri⅓tioninIndonsi⅞hry⅔on⅔rnd in d⅔⅞tionith⅔ontin⅞lly Isl⅞mi⅔t⅞⅔hing ⅞nddis⅔orss tohisstdnts is ⅔on⅔rningridn⅔diththondingotoIsl⅞mi⅔⅔ntrsinBogor⅓oth ⅞lGh⅞z⅞ly⅞nd⅞lIhy⅞⅞ithIsl⅞mi⅔progr⅞ms⅞nddis⅔orssorp⅓li⅔so⅔ity⅞nd stdntsstr⅞sllMororinthrg⅞rdtom⅞kgoodintll⅔t⅞lond⅞tion ⅞mong stdnts o nirsity h ⅞lso hld sr⅞l sp⅔i⅞l dis⅔orss ⅞⅓ot Isl⅞mi⅔ t⅞⅔hingrqntlyrorinordrtospporthis’wonIsl⅞mi⅔d⅔⅞tionhis ⅔onsistntlytr⅞nsl⅞tdsr⅞l⅔l⅞ssi⅔⅞l₎r⅞⅓i⅔⅓ooksp⅞rti⅔l⅞rly⅞lGh⅞z⅞lysorksto Indonsi⅞⅞ndSnd⅞nsl⅞ng⅞gtom⅞k⅞sirhisstdntsndrst⅞ndingin⅞lly thisp⅞prprsntsth⅞sp⅔tlio₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhhi⅔hdidnot⅔ordyt⅓y Indonsi⅞nMslimtod⅞y⅞ndtopromothisstrggl⅞nd⅔ontri⅓tionin’wo Isl⅞minIndonsi⅞
Keywords: uutru’wsut
. Introduction
In’woIsl⅞m₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞srystrgglinrg⅞rdtot⅞⅔hthuith goodndrst⅞ndingo⅓⅞si⅔prin⅔iploIsl⅞mHis’w⅞sry⅔on⅔rnd⅞⅓otIsl⅞mi⅔ d⅔⅞tion⅓⅔⅞s⅞⅔⅔ordingtohim;ddi⅔⅞tionont⅞⅔hingr⅞ding⅞ndritingisono th⅞ysomodolirorthroghotohisli₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞snrl⅞d thd⅔⅞tion⅞l⅞⅔tiitis nthoghh⅞sinth⅓⅞ttl ld⅞g⅞instth impri⅞lists ⅞nd ⅔oloni⅞lists
omorth⅞rti⅔l⅞ndp⅞prsonjorn⅞lt⅞lking⅞⅓ot₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞ndm⅞ny ⅞sp⅔tsohislix⅔ptsomthsis⅞ndss⅞ysonlyrorinrg⅞rdtor⅞lth r⅞l ⅔ontri⅓tiono₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhinr⅞isingoIsl⅞mi⅔d⅔⅞tionsystminIndonsi⅞thritr ritsthisp⅞prinordrtosthono⅞sp⅔tso₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhthroghotohisli
B. Biography of bdullah bin Nuh
₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞s⅓ornonu-H⁽thJn₈inthsm⅞llton
oCi⅞njrsrrondd⅓ythhighl⅞ndsoWstoJ⅞⅞h⅞rtl⅞ndothistonlisinth
rtilintriorhighl⅞ndsoWstJ⅞⅞hrSd⅞nspopltr⅞dition⅞llylidinthmosto thill⅞gs₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhs⅞thr⅞sKHR⅞dnMh⅞mm⅞dh⅞ndhismothr⅞s yiR⅞dnH⅞jj⅞h⅝₎isy⅞hHis⅞thr⅞s⅞Snd⅞nss⅔hol⅞r⅞nd⅞⅔h⅞rism⅞ti⅔grinIsl⅞mi⅔ d⅔⅞tioninCi⅞njrKHR⅞dnMh⅞mm⅞dh⅞sthondrothIsl⅞mi⅔⅓o⅞rding s⅔hoolI⅞n⅞t⅞l⅞li⅓i⅞lMsliminKHMh⅞mm⅞dh⅞s⅓ornin₇₈⅞ndlidin M⅔⅔⅞orsr⅞ly⅞rstostdyIsl⅞mndrKHRMkht⅞r⅞l₎thoridi⅞gr⅞ts⅔hol⅞rin M⅔⅔⅞ho⅞sorigin⅞llyromBogor₎s⅞rsltKHMh⅞mm⅞dhm⅞strd₎lQr⅞n ⅞ndIhy⅞⅞UlmddinGh⅞z⅞lisgr⅞t⅓ookHisintll⅔t⅞lisminspirdhisson₎⅓dll⅞h⅓in h⅞s₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞s⅞lso⅞moslyknon⅞s₎lGh⅞z⅞lioIndonsi⅞⅞ndm⅞jorityo hisorksr⅓⅞sdonGh⅞z⅞lidtohisinspirdgr
Gn⅞logi⅔⅞lly₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞s⅞ds⅔nd⅞ntothHind⅞j⅞j⅞r⅞nKingdom⅞nd T⅞l⅞g⅞KingdomIn₈thT⅞l⅞g⅞kingdom⅞s⅔onrtdtoIsl⅞m⅓ySy⅞riHid⅞y⅞tSn⅞n GnngJ⅞ti hn R⅞ngg⅞M⅞ntri r⅞⅓ ⅔k Umm ⅞sth l⅞dr oT⅞l⅞g⅞⅓⅔⅞s Isl⅞m⅞sspr⅞dtothinl⅞ndsoSnd⅞⅓ySn⅞nGnngJ⅞ti⅞ndhis⅞dhrnts₎trr⅞⅓ ⅔kUmmdidththronoT⅞l⅞g⅞⅞s⅔ontind⅓yhissonSn⅞nW⅞n⅞prihSn⅞n W⅞n⅞prihr⅔idIsl⅞mi⅔t⅞⅔hingsromSn⅞nGnngJ⅞ti⅞nd⅓⅔omgr⅞tu⅞tth⅞t tim⅞monghisolkHh⅞d⅞gr⅞nd⅔hildR⅞dn₎ri⅞Wir⅞t⅞nd⅞t⅞rhi⅔hl⅞tr⅓⅔⅞mth ondroCi⅞njrR⅞dn₎ri⅞Wir⅞t⅞nd⅞t⅞r⅞s⅞n⅞n⅔storo₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh
rthrmorromhismothrsgn⅞logy₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞sthsono⅝₎isy⅞hho ⅞s⅞d⅞ghtro₎hm⅞dhods⅔nddrom⅞gr⅞ts⅞int⅝₎⅓dl⅞lMhyithgr⅞tu o⅞mij⅞h⅞ninthWstJ⅞⅞⅝₎⅓dl⅞lMhyisds⅔nd⅞nt⅞sSy⅞riHid⅞y⅞tnr⅞td
⅞niti⅞Sj⅞r⅞h₎Brrssr:rruyJ⅞k⅞rt⅞₉⅞niti⅞Sj⅞r⅞h₎B₈₇ ₇;S⅞lso₎hm⅞dZ⅞iniD⅞hl⅞n-rBogor₉₈₇hlm
D⅞hl⅞n;S⅞lsoSy⅞I₎ntonio ⁶T⅞m-zrs: u u: rsuJ⅞k⅞rt⅞₉T⅞zki⅞⅓lishinghlm
u⅞tth⅞tpriod
₎⅓dll⅞h ⅓in h h⅞d ⅞ rligios ⅞nd d⅔⅞td ⅞mily ⅓⅞⅔kgrond ⅞s ll ⅞s Isl⅞mi⅔ nironmnt ⅞rond him It gr⅞tly inn⅔d his intll⅔t⅞l ⅞nd spirit⅞l dlopmnt progrssCi⅞njris⅞⅔ity⅞mosoritsMslims⅔hol⅞rsu⅞ndn⅞tion⅞lp⅞triots
usstrggldtospr⅞dthirknoldgithsin⅔ritymodsty⅞ndsimpli⅔ityyt⅞ght thirstdntsithot⅞ry⅞nds⅞l⅞ry⅓tonlytoorship₎ll⅞hrthrmorthn⅞tion⅞l p⅞triotsstrggldprsistntly⅞nd⅓r⅞ly⅞ndithot⅞nyxp⅔tdprotorthirstrggls ₎llothirs⅞⅔ri⅔srtor⅞⅔hth⅔ontntmnto₎ll⅞h
In₈inCi⅞njr⅞⅞mosM⅞dr⅞s⅞h⅞s⅓iltn⅞mly“⅞lI⅞n⅞hItsondr⅞sR⅞dn HTolh⅞h⅞lKholidiH⅞s⅞ri⅔hm⅞ninhisill⅞g⅞nd⅞nonro⅞nntrprisH⅞sth onothldrsinCi⅞njrho⅞s⅞gr⅞nd⅞throKHR⅞dnMh⅞mm⅞dh₎⅓dll⅞h ⅓inhstdidIsl⅞mi⅔stdisinthisM⅞dr⅞s⅞hHisintllign⅔t⅞lnt⅞nd⅔h⅞r⅞⅔trr ⅞pp⅞rnthnhstdidinM⅞dr⅞s⅞h⅞lI⅞n⅞hSin⅔h⅞s₇y⅞rsoldhm⅞strdth ₎r⅞⅓i⅔l⅞ng⅞gthorti⅔⅞lly⅞ndpr⅞⅔ti⅔⅞llyMororh⅞lsostdid⅔ontinoslyndrhis
⅞thrR⅞dnMhmm⅞dhisd⅔⅞tion⅞lnironmntsh⅞pdhis⅞⅔⅞dmi⅔mnt⅞lity
⅞nd⅓⅔⅞mthond⅞tionorhisintll⅔t⅞ljornyinthtr
n₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞ssntithhisrindstoM⅞dr⅞s⅞h⅞l⅝₎r⅞⅓iyy⅞hhi⅔h⅞s ⅞mosithM⅞dr⅞s⅞hSy⅞m⅞illHd⅞ink⅞long⅞nB⅞si⅔⅞llyM⅞dr⅞s⅞hSy⅞m⅞illHd⅞ ⅞ssimil⅞rto⅞lI⅞n⅞h⅓⅞sdonthstr⅓tonothd⅔⅞tors⅞sS⅞yyidMh⅞mm⅞d ⅓inH⅞syim⅓inTohir⅞l₎l⅞i⅞lH⅞dromiH⅞s⅞gr⅞ts⅔hol⅞sti⅔⅞ndstrids⅔hol⅞rrom
Ymn⅞ndh⅞dhigh⅞spir⅞tionsorhisstdntstos⅔⅔dp⅞rti⅔l⅞rlyinstrggltodlop Isl⅞mi⅔t⅞⅔hinginIndonsi⅞rorinhisstrS⅞yyidMh⅞mm⅞d⅓inH⅞syimt⅞ght hisyothstdnts⅞ll⅞sp⅔tsoliin⅔ldinggoodm⅞nnrs⅓h⅞iorsprmmnt⅞lity xmpl⅞ry⅔h⅞r⅞⅔tr⅞nd⅔or⅞gtonor⅔Isl⅞mhrrthyli₇
In₈S⅞yyidMh⅞mm⅞d⅓inH⅞syimmodtoSr⅞⅓⅞y⅞romk⅞long⅞nithsom ohisstdntsin⅔lding₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞ndh⅓iltthH⅞rdr⅞m⅞tS⅔hoolthrIn H⅞dr⅞m⅞t S⅔hool ₎⅓dll⅞h ⅓in h n⅔ontrd m⅞ny n xprin⅔s ⅞nd sh⅞rd his knoldghi⅔hhg⅞indromhist⅞⅔hrH⅞strstd⅓yS⅞yyidMh⅞mm⅞d⅓inH⅞syim ⅓⅔⅞shh⅞dmorknoldg⅞ndt⅞lntth⅞nhisprs₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhspnthistimin Sr⅞⅓⅞y⅞tostdyIsl⅞mindpths⅔inti⅔knoldg⅞ndsr⅞ll⅞ng⅞gsin⅔ldingDt⅔h
Dhiy⅞Sh⅞h⅞⅓⁶₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh--ur:LuLsL-’t s --’turBirt₉D⅞rl⅞sShrq₈₇hlm₇₇
D⅞hl⅞n;S⅞lsoSy⅞I₎ntonio ⁶T⅞m-zrs: u u: rsuJ⅞k⅞rt⅞₉T⅞zki⅞⅓lishinghlm
D⅞hl⅞n; S⅞lsoSy⅞I₎ntonio ⁶T⅞m-zrs: u u: rsuJ⅞k⅞rt⅞₉T⅞zki⅞⅓lishinghlm4.
orrthrdt⅞ilr⅞ding⅞⅓otS⅞yyidMh⅞mm⅞d⅓inH⅞syim⅓inTohir⅞l₎l⅞i⅞lH⅞dromis⅝₎lii⅓n ₎nis⅞lK⅞Mkht⅞r⅞tMinKit⅞⅓⅞tSh⅞ikh⅞lSh⅞h⅞⅓⅞h⅞lH⅞dhr⅞miyy⅞h⅞lUst⅞dhMh⅞mm⅞di⅓nH⅞shim Ymn₉M⅞rk⅞z“i⅓⅞dili⅞lDir⅞s⅞tW⅞⅞l⅞shr₇
⅞nd nglish H ⅞lso trid to⅞d⅞n⅔his t⅞lnt ⅔ontinosly p⅞rti⅔l⅞rly in ₎r⅞⅓i⅔ potry dis⅔ssionp⅓li⅔sp⅞king⅞ndl⅞drship₈
highpr⅞issginto₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅓yS⅞yyidMh⅞mm⅞d⅓inH⅞syimto⅓⅔om thh⅞dord⅞⅔tion⅞ndditorothH⅞dr⅞m⅞tklym⅞g⅞zinrom₈to₈ H⅞dr⅞m⅞tm⅞g⅞zin⅞sp⅓lishdto⅞nti⅔ip⅞t⅞ndn⅔ontrthpoliti⅔⅞l⅞rsothDt⅔h inIndonsi⅞rorit⅞imdtonlightn⅞ndndrst⅞ndrgion⅞lpoliti⅔⅞lso⅔i⅞l⅔ltr⅞l ⅞ndrligiosisssin⅞llyinSr⅞⅓⅞y⅞in⅞⅞y₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhh⅞dm⅞nyprogrssi dlopmntsinhisintll⅔t⅞lithmorxprin⅔s
₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhr⅔idrthrintll⅔t⅞lxprin⅔shnh⅞s⅞stdnt⅞t₎l ₎zh⅞rUnirsityWiththgid⅞n⅔oS⅞yyidMh⅞mm⅞d⅓inH⅞syimh⅞ndhisrindsnt togypttostdyin₎l₎zh⅞rUnirsityHh⅞dm⅞strdth₎r⅞⅓i⅔l⅞ng⅞gpr⅔tly⅞nd thshspntmortimr⅞ding⅞ndl⅞rning⅞⅓otIsl⅞mi⅔Jrisprdn⅔-qsp⅔i⅔⅞lly H ⅞lso ⅞⅔tily ⅓⅔⅞m inold in sr⅞l inorm⅞l ⅔l⅞sss hld ⅓y sr⅞l l⅔trrs in ₎l ₎zh⅞rHisstdy⅞ndtimin₎l₎zh⅞r⅞ssigni⅔⅞nt⅞sithisison⅞liqhHisgr⅞t⅓ook onusuuyyu ’yyu⅔onsistsomorth⅞nolmsdis⅔ssingIsl⅞mi⅔ Jrisprdn⅔p⅞rti⅔l⅞rlys- ’⅓⅔⅞s₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inho⅔sdhisstdyonth s- ’s⅔tH⅞lsop⅓lishdm⅞ny⅞rti⅔lsinm⅓in⅞m⅞g⅞zinonissso-q
Whn₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞sintllign⅔m⅞trnoghh⅞lso⅔ontri⅓tdinsr⅞l so⅔i⅞lmomntsdnddIndonsi⅞⅞g⅞inst⅔oloni⅞listH ⅓⅔⅞minoldithSy⅞rik⅞t Isl⅞mSISI⅞sonddin₈toprot⅔tMslimtr⅞drs⅞g⅞instthChins⅞ndDt⅔h tr⅞drsIn₈SIdlopdinto⅞so⅔i⅞lprogrssimomnttr⅞nsormingto⅞nIsl⅞mi⅔ politi⅔⅞lorg⅞niz⅞tioninthstrgglorIndonsi⅞sindpndn⅔In₈⅞lo⅔⅞lSIdiision ⅞sonddinCi⅞njrIn₈SImm⅓rshipithinCi⅞njrr⅞⅔hd₇iththl⅞rgst mm⅓rshipinthrgionoSnd⅞⅞tth⅞ttim
HisinolmntinSIin⅞⅞yokdhisspirittostiorIndonsi⅞sindpndn⅔ Hd⅔iddto⅓⅞olntrorth₎rmyoDndrsoHoml⅞ndr
T₎DringthJ⅞p⅞nso⅔⅔p⅞tionoIndonsi⅞thJ⅞p⅞nsdir⅔tly⅔ontri⅓tdtosr⅞l dlopmntssp⅔i⅞llyinJ⅞⅞⅞ndtolssrxtntinSm⅞tr⅞yindo⅔trin⅞tdtr⅞ind⅞nd ⅞rmdm⅞nyothyongrgnr⅞tion⅞ndg⅞oldrl⅞drsthopportnitytoorglinks iththm⅞sss₎s⅞rsltin⅔to⅓r₈thJ⅞p⅞ns⅓g⅞nthiryothorg⅞niz⅞tion T₎is⅞s⅞nIndonsi⅞nolntr⅞rmyhi⅔h⅓ythndoth⅞rh⅞dmnin J⅞⅞inB⅞li⅞nd⅞⅓otinSm⅞tr⅞T₎⅞snotorm⅞lly⅞p⅞rtothJ⅞p⅞ns milit⅞ry⅓t⅞sintnddto⅓⅞n⅞xili⅞rygrrill⅞or⅔torsist⅞n⅞llidin⅞sionItso⅔r ⅔orpsin⅔lddo⅔i⅞lst⅞⅔hrsys⅞ndIndonsi⅞nsoldirsothormrDt⅔h⅔oloni⅞l
₈orrthrdt⅞ilr⅞ding⅞⅓otS⅞yyidMh⅞mm⅞d⅓inH⅞syim⅓inTohir⅞l₎l⅞i⅞lH⅞dromis⅝₎lii⅓n ₎nis⅞lK⅞Mkht⅞r⅞tMinKit⅞⅓⅞tSh⅞ikh⅞lSh⅞h⅞⅓⅞h⅞lH⅞dhr⅞miyy⅞h⅞lUst⅞dhMh⅞mm⅞di⅓nH⅞shim Ymn₉M⅞rk⅞z“i⅓⅞dili⅞lDir⅞s⅞tW⅞⅞l⅞shr₇hlm
₎liSh⅞h⅞⅓rstuwtJ⅞k⅞rt⅞₉Rp⅓lik⅞hlm₈ ₎liSh⅞h⅞⅓rstuwtJ⅞k⅞rt⅞₉Rp⅓lik⅞hlm₇₈
⅞rmy₎mongthm⅞s⅞nIsl⅞mi⅔s⅔hoolt⅞⅔hrn⅞mdSodirm⅞n⅞nd₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh In⅓r⅞ry₈thyormdrszuor⅔soGod⅞s⅞milit⅞ryingoth M⅞symi⅞rtyhi⅔h⅞sdomin⅞td⅓yitsl⅞dr⅞ndMh⅞m⅞diy⅞hmm⅓rs
B⅞si⅔⅞lly th r⅞tion⅞l or J⅞p⅞ns r⅔riting th mm⅓rs rom indignos Mslim ⅔ommnitisorthir⅞rmy⅞s⅓⅔⅞sMslimsingnr⅞lp⅞rti⅔l⅞rlyIndonsi⅞nsh⅞d⅓n dndrsothirhoml⅞ndinthn⅞moholy⅞r siththmissionto lip⅞⅔llypr⅔iosordi⅞s⅞m⅞rtyrrorthJ⅞p⅞ns⅞⅔⅔ommod⅞tdysus
str⅞ndMslimt⅞⅔hrsinordrto⅞ssistthiro⅔⅔p⅞tioninIndonsi⅞₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh gotthhonorto⅓⅔om⅞l⅞droT₎or⅓⅞tt⅞lion⅔omm⅞ndrs⅔⅞lld“D⅞id⅞n⅔hoinWst J⅞mp⅞nginthrgionsoCi⅞njrBogor⅞ndSk⅞⅓mirom₈to₈
Hisinolmntinsr⅞lIndonsi⅞nght⅞g⅞inst⅔olonist₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞s⅞ntd ⅓ythrl⅞ndIndisCiil₎dministr⅞tionIC₎hnthyor⅔dJ⅞k⅞rt⅞⅞ndin⅞nm⅓ro othrky⅔ntrsinIndonsi⅞inSptm⅓r₈Britishl⅞nddinthh⅞r⅓orsoJ⅞k⅞rt⅞ Sm⅞r⅞ng⅞ndSr⅞⅓⅞y⅞nthBritish⅞ssistdthDt⅔htol⅞ndthironthrl⅞nd IndisCiil₎dministr⅞tionIC₎or⅔sinJ⅞k⅞rt⅞⅞ndin⅞nm⅓roothrky⅔ntrs₎s⅞ ⅔onsqn⅔othissit⅞tion⅞⅓⅞ttlnsd⅓tnthBritish⅞ndIC₎othIndonsi⅞n ⅞rmyDt⅔hr⅞⅓lto⅔⅞ptronlym⅞jor⅔itisinJ⅞⅞⅞ndSm⅞tr⅞nth⅔riti⅔⅞l sit⅞tioninJ⅞k⅞rt⅞⅞⅔⅔ordingtothSlt⅞nH⅞mngk⅓oonoIXthIndonsi⅞ngornmnt ⅔ntrmodtothroy⅞lJ⅞⅞ns⅔⅞pit⅞loYogy⅞k⅞rt⅞inold₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhHth⅞t
tim⅞s⅞BKRjorn⅞list⅞ndritrin₎r⅞⅓i⅞nrssBo⅞rd₎BinJ⅞k⅞rt⅞
rthrmorinYogy⅞k⅞rt⅞₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhtookthl⅞din₎r⅞⅓i⅔⅓ro⅞d⅔⅞sting⅞t R⅞dio Rp⅓li⅔ o Indonsi⅞ RRI Yogy⅞k⅞rt⅞ in ordr to ⅓ro⅞d⅔⅞st th l⅞tst ns ⅞⅓ot Indonsi⅞ithth⅔oopr⅞tiono₎B₎s⅞rsltIndonsi⅞gotthspporto⅔ontris p⅞rti⅔l⅞rlythMiddl⅞styr⅔ognizdIndonsi⅞sindpndn⅔⅞ndndorsdtoth Unitd⅞tionstogr⅞ntIndonsi⅞⅞mm⅓rshipis⅔onn⅔tion⅞ndrl⅞tionship⅔ontind ⅞tth₎si⅞₎ri⅔⅞Conrn⅔⅞mongthdlopmnt⅔ontris⅞lsoknon⅞sthB⅞ndng Conrn⅔ rom ₇thth ₎pril ₈ in B⅞ndng Wst J⅞⅞ r r ₈th ⅔ontris
p⅞rti⅔ip⅞td⅞tthB⅞ndngConrn⅔⅞sportr⅞yd⅞s⅞l⅞rgs⅔⅞l⅔onrn⅔inth⅞rly postindpndntIndonsi⅞inordrtord⅔glo⅓⅞lpoliti⅔⅞ltnsion⅞nds⅔r⅔onditions
MCRi⅔klsstryrssYork₉⅞lgr⅞M⅞⅔mill⅞n₇hlm ;S⅞lsoStnDr⅞klystrysLondon₉Grnoodrsshlm
D⅞hl⅞nS⅞niti⅞nr⅓it₎Bhlm₇
₎dri⅞nVi⅔krsstryrsUK₉C⅞m⅓ridgUnirsityrsshlm₈₈ ₎r⅞⅓i⅞nrssBo⅞rd₎B⅞sthrstIndonsi⅞m⅞ssmdi⅞th⅞t⅔onn⅔tdIndonsi⅞ith⅔ontris ⅞rondth₎si⅞n⅞nd₎ri⅔⅞rgionsorthx⅔h⅞ngons⅞ndinordrtogtspportorthindpndn⅔o Indonsi⅞⅞ndtoinn⅔₎si⅞n⅞nd₎ri⅔⅞⅔ontris⅞g⅞inst⅔oloniz⅞tionnthSptm⅓r₈₎Bhld ⅞nd⅔ont⅞⅔tdithyongIndonsi⅞nsinHj⅞zIr⅞qgyptS⅞di₎r⅞⅓i⅞⅞ndSrin⅞mIn⅞ddition₎B⅞lso h⅞d⅔onn⅔tioniththd⅞ilynstimingyptL⅓⅞non⅞nd₎dnsin⅔⅓orthindpndn⅔oIndonsi⅞ ₎Bh⅞d⅞nimport⅞ntrolinIndonsi⅞sstrggl₎trIndonsi⅞sindpndn⅔₎B⅔h⅞ngdto₎si⅞nrss Bo⅞rdhi⅔hrqntlyinormdthIndonsi⅞npopl⅞ndgornmntonthriskoIndonsi⅞n⅔ommnism ₎s⅞rsltinthgidddmo⅔r⅞⅔ypriodndrSk⅞rno⅞ndinth⅔o⅞litionithIndonsi⅞n⅔ommnismp⅞rty ₎B⅞so⅔i⅞llydissold⅓ySk⅞rnoonthD⅔m⅓r₈S₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh“K⅞ntorBrit⅞⅞sion⅞l
⅞trthColdW⅞rIndonsi⅞ngornmntd⅔iddtot⅞k⅞⅔tion⅞s⅞pionroorld p⅞⅔iththis⅔onrn⅔
n⅞trthDt⅔h⅞ndBritishr⅔onqrd⅓ythIndonsi⅞nmilit⅞ry⅞rmy⅞nd thir⅔ondition⅞ss⅔rthIndonsi⅞ngornmntmod⅓⅞⅔ktoJ⅞k⅞rt⅞⅞tthndo ₈₈₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞lsortrndtoJ⅞k⅞rt⅞⅞nd⅓g⅞nhis⅔ommon⅞⅔ti⅞tsind⅞⅞₇H
ddi⅔⅞tdhislitoIsl⅞m⅞ndhisst⅞tthroghd⅞⅞throghd⅔⅞tionp⅞rti⅔l⅞rlyt⅞⅔hing Isl⅞mi⅔dis⅔orssritings⅞nd⅓ookstr⅞nsl⅞tion
C. bdullah bin Nuh’s Struggle on a’wah
roghIsl⅞mi⅔d⅔⅞tion⅞ndIsl⅞mi⅔Dis⅔orss
Indonsi⅞nstrggl⅞g⅞inst⅔oloni⅞listothrl⅞nd⅞sryh⅞rdnIndonsi⅞ h⅞d pro⅔l⅞imd th indpndn⅔ ₎lthogh ₎⅓dll⅞h ⅓in h inold in ⅓⅞ttl ld n⅔ontrdIndonsi⅞h⅞lso⅔ontinosly⅔⅞rdorthd⅔⅞tion₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhith KH₎⅓dlK⅞h⅞rMz⅞kkir⅞ndothrsonddthIsl⅞mi⅔HighS⅔hool sorSTIhi⅔hisl⅞trknon⅞sIndonsi⅞Isl⅞mi⅔UnirsityUIIinYogy⅞k⅞rt⅞H ⅞s⅞n⅞ssist⅞n⅔oprossorinSTIYogy⅞k⅞rt⅞rom₈to₈n⅞trthDt⅔h ⅞ndBritishr⅔onqrd⅓ythIndonsi⅞nmilit⅞ry⅞rmy⅞ndthir⅔ondition⅞ss⅔r thIndonsi⅞ngornmntmod⅓⅞⅔ktoJ⅞k⅞rt⅞⅞tthndo₈₈₈
InJ⅞k⅞rt⅞₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhstillo⅔i⅞td⅞sthl⅞droth₎r⅞⅓i⅔⅓ro⅞d⅔⅞stingin RRIJ⅞k⅞rt⅞rom₈to₈⅞nd⅞s⅞⅔tiinth₎r⅞⅓i⅞nrssBo⅞rdo⅔Bsids⅓ing ⅞⅔tiinthmdi⅞o⅔h⅞lsoddi⅔⅞tdhimsl⅞s⅞n₎ssist⅞ntrossorinUnirsity oIndonsi⅞UIinth⅞⅔ltyo₎r⅞⅓i⅔litr⅞tr₎trindpndn⅔thIndonsi⅞n gornmntstillsoghtthorml⅞tionothst⅞tthrorthrrpoliti⅔⅞l⅔oni⅔t ⅓⅞sd on intrst ⅞mong th Isl⅞mi⅔ p⅞rty so⅔i⅞list p⅞rty s⅔l⅞r p⅞rty ⅞nd ⅔ommnist p⅞rtyInthp⅞kothis⅔oni⅔t⅞sthIndonsi⅞n⅔ommnistrolt₎shis⅔ontri⅓tion ₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞lsoonddm⅓in⅞klym⅞g⅞zin⅞ndIsl⅞mi⅔Rs⅞r⅔hInstitt IRIithhis⅔losrindsMh⅞mm⅞d₎s⅞dSh⅞h⅞⅓⅞ndDhiy⅞Sh⅞h⅞⅓inJ⅞k⅞rt⅞rom ₈to₈
m⅓in⅞⅞s⅞klym⅞g⅞zinhi⅔hproiddrgl⅞r⅔ommnt⅞ryonrligion dis⅔ssing⅞sp⅔tsoIsl⅞mi⅔t⅞⅔hings⅔h⅞sIsl⅞mi⅔Jrisprdn⅔thology⅞ndSsmin ordrtodlopspirit⅞litysnsin⅔oxistn⅔iths⅔inti⅔knoldgMororthis m⅞g⅞zin⅔⅞minordrto⅞nsrthpro⅓lmsxistd⅞tth⅞ttims⅔h⅞sm⅞tri⅞lism M⅞rxism⅔⅞pit⅞lism⅔ommnism⅞ndothrsromthIsl⅞mi⅔prsp⅔tipositi
⅞tion⅞l ₎r⅔his o th Rp⅓li⅔ o Indonsi⅞u s-s r rvs J⅞k⅞rt⅞₉ o ⅓lishrhlm
₇D⅞hl⅞n;⅞niti⅞Sj⅞r⅞h₎Brrssr:rruyJ⅞k⅞rt⅞₉⅞niti⅞Sj⅞r⅞h ₎B₈₇₇;S⅞lso₎hm⅞dZ⅞iniD⅞hl⅞n-rBogor₉₈₇hlm₇
₈D⅞hl⅞n;⅞niti⅞Sj⅞r⅞h₎Brrssr:rruyJ⅞k⅞rt⅞₉⅞niti⅞Sj⅞r⅞h ₎B₈₇₇;S⅞lso₎hm⅞dZ⅞iniD⅞hl⅞n-rBogor₉₈₇hlm₇
rsponsspr⅞issspport⅞ndxp⅔t⅞tionrgintom⅓in⅞inits⅔ontri⅓tiontoth pionringod⅔⅞tion⅞l⅞ndrligiosm⅞g⅞zininIndonsi⅞
rthrmorth Isl⅞mi⅔Rs⅞r⅔hInstittIRI ⅞s st⅞⅓lishdtom⅞k s⅔inti⅔ instig⅞tionins⅞r⅔hotrthinordrtondthr⅞lm⅞ningoIsl⅞m⅞nd⅔onyth rsltsos⅔inti⅔instig⅞tionstothp⅓li⅔rthrmortog⅞in⅔omprhnsid⅞t⅞ IRIx⅔h⅞ngds⅔inti⅔m⅞tri⅞lsithothrinstittsor⅓odisinth⅔ontry⅞nd⅞⅓o⅞rd ⅔oll⅔ting⅞ndstdying⅓ooks⅞nd⅞rti⅔lsollknonMslims⅔hol⅞rs⅞ndintll⅔ts⅞nd thnp⅓lishing⅞ndspr⅞dingthrsltsos⅔hinstig⅞tionsin⅓ooksnsp⅞prs⅞nd m⅞g⅞zinsiththprin⅔iplothrdomothinkingmnt⅞l⅞ndspirit⅞ldlopmnt IRI⅞l⅞ysor⅞rditsslog⅞ninthirorkhi⅔hisdotdtoIsl⅞mi⅔solid⅞rity⅞nd -uww-syytrth⅔ontry⅞ndis⅓⅞sdons
Inhisold⅞g₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhmodithhis⅞milytoBogoronthM⅞y₈H
dotdhislitothIsl⅞mi⅔Cntr⅞lGh⅞z⅞lihi⅔h⅞sst⅞⅓lishdonrdJ⅞n⅞ry₈
in⅞risCityBogorWstJ⅞⅞Itsst⅞⅓lishmnt⅞sinordrto⅔ontinhismissionon
’w⅞rondBogorInthIsl⅞mi⅔Cntr⅞lGh⅞z⅞liht⅞ght⅞ndnrtrdhisstdnts H⅞lsohldsr⅞linorm⅞lprogr⅞msorthp⅓li⅔so⅔ity⅞rondBogorhrmosto thmryus⅞ndnirsitisstdnts⅞rondJ⅞k⅞rt⅞⅞ndBogor₎⅔⅔ordingto Ikh⅞nH⅞kim⅞ndMh⅞mm⅞dIr⅞n₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhrqntlyhldp⅓li⅔l⅔trr inIsl⅞mi⅔Cntro⅞lGh⅞z⅞li⅞ndt⅞lkdmostlyons⅔inti⅔dis⅔orsith⅔onn⅔tiono rligion
Isl⅞mi⅔Cntr⅞lGh⅞z⅞lip⅞rti⅔ip⅞tdingornmntprogr⅞msonthdlopmnt o yoth ⅔h⅞r⅞⅔tr ⅓ilding ⅞nd Indonsi⅞n Mslim d⅔⅞tion hi⅔h is mission o -uww-syy⅓⅞sdon⅞lQr⅞n⅞ndH⅞dithrorrg⅞rdingits⅞ims
Isl⅞mi⅔Cntr⅞lGh⅞z⅞lihldprogr⅞mss⅔h⅞sIsl⅞mi⅔d⅔⅞tionsp⅔i⅞llyon’w ₎r⅞⅓i⅔ l⅞ng⅞g t⅞⅔hing ⅞lM⅞dr⅞s⅞h ⅞lDiniyy⅞h kly sp⅔i⅞l t⅞lks or th ldrs orph⅞n⅔h⅞rityhos⅔onomi⅔dlopmntprogr⅞mst⅔BsidthIsl⅞mi⅔Cntr
⅞lGh⅞z⅞li ₎⅓dll⅞h ⅓in h ⅞lso ondd som Isl⅞mi⅔ ⅔ntrs ⅞ndstr ⅞rond Bogor⅞nddlirdgnr⅞ll⅔trrhi⅔h⅞rm⅞n⅞gd⅓yhisstdntss⅞r-y B⅞tt⅞p⅞k-usL⅞yngs⅞ri⅞ndusSk⅞r⅞j⅞
S Colonl Mg Son⅞rjo “S⅞m⅓t⅞n Kp⅞l⅞ s⅞t nrng⅞n ₎ngk⅞t⅞n D⅞r⅞t d⅞l⅞m M⅞dj⅞l⅞h m⅓in⅞;KHS⅞iddinZhri“m⅓in⅞MndkngTg⅞s⅞sion⅞ld⅞n₎g⅞m⅞;DrSom⅞rno“S⅞m⅓t⅞n G⅓rnrKp⅞l⅞D⅞r⅞hChssI⅓kot⅞Dj⅞k⅞rt⅞R⅞y⅞;ColonlMRoi“S⅞m⅓t⅞nTrh⅞d⅞pnr⅓it⅞n M⅞dj⅞ll⅞h m⅓in⅞; W⅞mp⅞ Mly⅞di Djojom⅞rtono “S⅞m⅓t⅞n W⅞kil Mntri rt⅞m⅞ Koordin⅞tor Ksdj⅞htr⅞⅞nR⅞kj⅞tom⅓r₈
₎⅓dll⅞h⅓in h “Y⅞y⅞s⅞n Lm⅓⅞g⅞ nylidik⅞nIsl⅞m Isl⅞mi⅔ Rs⅞r⅔h Insititt ⅔to⅓r₈;S⅞lso₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh“Lm⅓⅞g⅞njlidik⅞nIsl⅞mom⅓r₈ hlm
Sy⅞I₎ntonio⁶T⅞m-zrs:uu:rsu J⅞k⅞rt⅞₉T⅞zki⅞⅓lishinghlm₇
Y⅞y⅞s⅞nIsl⅞mi⅔Cntr“₎lGh⅞z⅞lyBogor₉Dhlm Y⅞y⅞s⅞nIsl⅞mi⅔Cntr“₎lGh⅞z⅞lyBogor₉Dhlm₈
₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhspnthisold⅞ginBogor⅞ndo⅔sdonIsl⅞mi⅔d⅔⅞tion⅞nd
’wtopoplntilhp⅞ssd⅞⅞yonth⅔to⅓r₈₇inBogorH⅞s⅞nxmpl⅞ry
t⅞⅔hr⅞prominntIndonsi⅞ns⅔hol⅞rith⅔omprhnsiknoldg⅞pionro -uww-syy⅞r⅞lIndonsi⅞n⅓⅞ttlr⅞nd⅞gr⅞t₎r⅞⅓i⅔pot₎⅔⅔ordingto ₎⅓dll⅞h ₎l⅞ih⅞snomin⅞td to ⅓ nonn⅞ti ₎r⅞⅓i⅔ pot ⅞nd⅞sr⅔ognizdin thn⅔y⅔lopdi⅞oK⅞itMororthrin⅔oJord⅞nsnt⅞dlg⅞tiontomtith ₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhinIndonsi⅞
Dspitthhigh⅞ppr⅔i⅞tionhh⅞dth⅔omprhnsiknoldghr⅞⅔hd⅞nd thgr⅞t⅔ontri⅓tiontohis⅔ontryh⅞s⅞hm⅓lu⅞ndnr⅞skdorhonor romothrsnhis⅔ontryHh⅞d⅞nnprtntios⅞ndmodst⅔h⅞r⅞⅔tr₎hm⅞dZ⅞ini D⅞hl⅞ns⅞idinhisritingth⅞thnhmtono₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhsrindS⅞id⅓in B⅞h⅞ritish⅞simprssdiththprson⅞l⅓h⅞ioro₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞ndth⅞t h⅞s-st--z-Z-utw’-₇₎hm⅞dZ⅞ini
D⅞hl⅞n⅞dddth⅞th⅞s-u ₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhsWorks
₎s⅞nu⅞ndMslims⅔intist₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhsh⅞rdhisknoldgthrogh t⅞⅔hinginsr⅞lorm⅞ld⅔⅞tion⅞linstittionss⅔h⅞sstr⅞ndM⅞dr⅞s⅞hH⅞lso rotm⅞nyorksdringhisli₎slong⅞shislih⅞s⅞prod⅔tis⅔hol⅞rith⅞ nm⅓rs o ⅓ooks ⅞nd ⅞rti⅔lsin ₎r⅞⅓i⅔ Indonsi⅞n ⅞nd Snd⅞ns l⅞ng⅞gssom o hi⅔h⅞rnp⅓lishdHh⅞s⅞lsotr⅞nsl⅞tdsl⅔tdorks⅓ythgr⅞tphilosophr⅞nd S⅞lGh⅞z⅞li₇sp⅔i⅔⅞llyonthSsm⅞ndMor⅞ls₎monghisorks⅞r₉ ⅞ ₎n⅞MslimnSnniyynSh⅞iyyn
is⅓ook⅔onsists⅞pproxim⅞tlyo₇olmsorp⅞gshi⅔h⅞rnp⅓lishd ⅞ndstillinm⅞ns⅔riptorm₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhds⅔ri⅓sinthisorkth⅞th⅞s⅞Snni Mslim ⅞nd o ⅞sSh⅞i H dns in dt⅞ilth r⅞sonhy hisrligion ⅞s Isl⅞mhyh⅞dhrdtoSnniIsl⅞m⅞ndhyh⅞s⅞sSh⅞iH⅞rgssing⅓othq txt⅞l⅞ndqr⅞soninhisxpl⅞n⅞tionshnds⅔ri⅓inghisst⅞n⅔Inhisxpl⅞n⅞tions ⅞ndr⅞sons⅞⅓otSnnih⅞s⅞Snnithologi⅞nHisxpl⅞n⅞tion⅞⅓otSnniIsl⅞m isspr⅞dinto⅔h⅞ptrs⅞ndolmsp⅞rti⅔l⅞rlyinolmsIXXIXIIXVI⅞ndXX Moror in this ⅓ook ⅞lso ₎⅓dll⅞h ⅓in h dns ⅞⅓ot ⅔on⅔pt oswwu ⅞nd sr⅞l⅞ysoorshipto₎ll⅞h
⅓ L⅞⅞⅞iyy⅞h⅞lIsl⅞m
Inthis⅓ook₎⅓dll⅞hdnsth⅞tthindiid⅞lintrprt⅞tiontinIsl⅞mis th⅔⅞somrgn⅔In⅞⅔to⅔⅔rrddringrophtMh⅞mm⅞ds priod⅞ndhis⅔omp⅞nions⅓⅞sdon thH⅞dith o M⅞z⅓inJ⅞⅓⅞l₎⅔⅔ordingtohim
isimport⅞nttoMslims⅓tsholdnot⅓⅞niss⅓tnMslimsgrops⅞nd
₎⅓dll⅞h ₎l⅞i “Mm⅓⅞j⅞k Jm⅓⅞t⅞n K⅓d⅞y⅞⅞n₉ Kis⅞h nrjm⅞h B⅞h⅞s⅞ ₎r⅞⅓ str s(zolom⅓rD⅔m⅓rhlm₇
s⅔ts₎llMslimsmststriornitynthoghthr⅞rm⅞nydirn⅔sothoght Inthis⅓ook₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞lsomph⅞sisdtho⅓lig⅞tiono⅞llMslimsto⅞oidth jdgmntoindlsoothrMslims⅓⅔⅞sodirn⅔so
⅔ iZil⅞l⅞lK⅞⅓⅞h⅞lB⅞it⅞lH⅞r⅞m
Inthis⅓ook₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhst⅞tsth⅞tthK⅞⅓⅞h⅞sthrsthoshi⅔h⅞s ⅓ilt ⅞s ⅞ shltr ⅞nd nir o th Mslim orld ndr th on roo oT⅞hid n thoghIsl⅞mh⅞sdirn⅔sothm⅞inmissionisIsl⅞mi⅔⅓rothrhoodithot ⅞nys⅔t⅞ri⅞nism⅞nd⅞n⅞ti⅔ismMslimsh⅞⅔⅞roron⅞nothr⅓⅔⅞sthyromon or⅞thr ror s⅔t⅞ri⅞n shold not ⅔⅞s ⅞ny disnity ⅞mong Mslims ₎⅓dll⅞h ⅓inhrrrdmorto⅞lGh⅞z⅞lisorksst-rqp⅞rti⅔l⅞rlyonissso jdgmnton⅓lirshostill⅞dmitto₎ll⅞hHisMssngr⅞ndJdgmntd⅞y
d Z⅞k⅞td⅞nDni⅞Modrn
In this ⅓ook ₎⅓dll⅞h xpl⅞ins th n⅔tion ⅞nd m⅞in prpos o Z⅞k⅞t Z⅞k⅞t ⅞⅔⅔ordingtohimis⅞mdimorso⅔i⅞l⅓ildinginIndonsi⅞hi⅔hdidnotrnsin⅔th Dt⅔h⅔oloni⅞lr⅞Mororthis⅓ook⅞lso⅔ont⅞insiththimplmnt⅞tionmthodo Z⅞k⅞tinthmodrnpriod⅞ndth⅞ri⅞ntoZ⅞k⅞ts⅔h⅞sZ⅞k⅞toproprty⅞ndZ⅞k⅞t oprossionIngnr⅞lhis⅓ookds⅔ri⅓sthIsl⅞mi⅔⅔onomi⅔systminthmodrnr⅞ p⅞rti⅔l⅞rlyz⅞k⅞t
Di⅞nI⅓nh
is⅓ookisth⅔ompil⅞tiono₎r⅞⅓i⅔pomsrittn⅓y₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhisork ⅔onsistsomorth⅞nrssopomsinsr⅞l⅔h⅞ptrsr⅞r⅞riosthmso thpomss⅔h⅞spr⅞issl⅞mnt⅞tionsstrgglsisdoms⅞di⅔⅞ndothrs
₎lLl⅞lM⅞nthr g ₎l⅝₎l⅞m⅞lIsl⅞mi
Inthis⅓ook₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅔l⅞rlyds⅔ri⅓sthIsl⅞mi⅔orld⅔onditioninthrst h⅞loth⅔ntryitsstrngths⅞sll⅞sits⅞knsss
h Minh⅞j⅞l⅝₎⅓idin
Minh⅞j⅞l⅝₎⅓idin⅞srittn⅓y⅞lGh⅞z⅞li⅞nd⅞str⅞nsl⅞td⅓y₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh toSnd⅞ns⅞ndIndonsi⅞l⅞ng⅞gsithrthrl⅔id⅞tionHr₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh mph⅞sizshothhm⅞nisthsr⅞nto₎ll⅞h⅞ndhoorshipis⅞m⅞nstoin⅔r⅞s thirspirit⅞lll⅞ndg⅞inthtr⅞yto₎ll⅞h
i ₎lMnqidhMin⅞lDh⅞l⅞l j Cint⅞d⅞nB⅞h⅞gi⅞
₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhtr⅞nsl⅞tdthis⅓ookromiththorigin⅞l⅓ook-in Minh⅞j⅞l⅝₎⅓idin
k Rnng⅞n
l Isl⅞mCommnismd⅞nK⅞pit⅞lism₉So⅞lKrdj⅞d⅞nBrh
⅞thorothis⅓ookislB⅞hylKholy₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhtr⅞nsl⅞tdthis⅓ook ⅓⅔⅞s its ⅔ontnt is rl⅞td to th so⅔i⅞l ⅔onditions in Indonsi⅞ dring th inn⅔ oth⅔ommnism⅞nd⅔⅞pit⅞lism throghthIndonsi⅞n⅔ommnismmomnt Indonsi⅞n yoths r t⅞kn ⅓y hisoring on jsti⅔ q⅞lity honor ⅞nd rdom import⅞n⅔othis⅓ookisthxpl⅞n⅞tionothIsl⅞mi⅔position⅞mong⅔ommnism ⅞nd⅔⅞pit⅞lism⅞nd⅞lsothr⅞lm⅞ningothIsl⅞m⅞st-lB⅞hy l Kholy ⅞s gypt s⅔hol⅞r ho ⅞s ⅔on⅔rnd his riting to prot⅔t gypti⅞n rom ⅔ommnismmomntingypt
m ₎g⅞m⅞d⅞l⅞mm⅓⅞h⅞s⅞n
is⅓ook⅞sp⅓lishdin₈⅓ys⅞k⅞rss₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhrotthis⅓ook ⅞s⅞rspons⅞ndrt⅞tionorthMoskoR⅞dioBro⅞d⅔⅞stinghi⅔h⅞sspr⅞dingr⅞⅔i⅞l isssonthrligion⅞sth⅔onsqn⅔sothir⅓lio⅞thism⅞ndm⅞tri⅞lismS⅔h ⅞srt⅞tionoxistn⅔oGod⅞sth⅔ss⅞ry⅓ing;Isl⅞m⅔ontr⅞di⅔tsiththisS⅔in⅔ dtoits⅓liinmt⅞physi⅔s;Isl⅞mdgr⅞dsthomn⅓⅔⅞sothpolyg⅞myisss; Isl⅞mis⅔rltothothr⅓lidtoitsspr⅞d⅓y⅞r;Isl⅞mhlpsthd⅞listinordr toopprssthso⅔ityt⅔
n Isl⅞mDiz⅞m⅞nModrn
₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhrotthis⅓ookhnh⅞sthh⅞doIsl⅞mi⅔Rs⅞r⅔hInstitt inJ⅞k⅞rt⅞⅞sp⅓lishdin₈⅓yth₎r⅞⅓i⅞nrssBo⅞rdrssis⅓ook⅔onsistso⅞ ⅔ompil⅞tionohis⅞rti⅔lshi⅔hrp⅓lishdinsr⅞lIndonsi⅞n⅞nd₎r⅞⅓i⅔m⅞g⅞zins ⅞nd ⅞s ⅓ro⅞d⅔⅞std throgh th ₎si⅞n rss Bo⅞rd p⅞rti⅔l⅞rly on isss o Isl⅞mi⅔ thologymonothism⅞ndsp⅔i⅔⅞tionsorligionhi⅔hisndd⅓ypopl₎⅓dll⅞h ⅓inhpointdotsp⅔i⅔⅞tionsonthsisss⅞ndisssonIsl⅞mi⅔⅓rothrhood ⅞nd
o ₎g⅞m⅞D⅞l⅞mm⅓⅞h⅞s⅞nW⅞nit⅞
is⅓ook⅞sp⅓lishd⅓yLm⅓⅞g⅞njlidik⅞nIsl⅞mIsl⅞mi⅔Rs⅞r⅔hInstitt J⅞k⅞rt⅞in₈₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅔l⅞risisssonIsl⅞mi⅔t⅞⅔hinginq⅞lityogndr ⅞sll⅞spolyg⅞myisssHpointsotthpolyg⅞my⅔ltrinChristi⅞nity⅞ndothr rligionshistori⅔⅞lly⅞nditsdirn⅔sithIsl⅞mH⅞lsohighlightsth⅞tIsl⅞mpl⅞⅔⅞high honoronthus⅔ontr⅞stingiththphnomnondringthpriod⅓orIsl⅞m ₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhrrstom⅞nyWstrn⅓ooksinordrto⅔riti⅔izpolyg⅞myisrom Wstrnprsp⅔ti
p ₎hl⅞nBir⅞m⅞dh⅞n₉T⅞hqiq⅞t⅝Ilmiyy⅞hSh⅞riyy⅞hLi⅞l₎imm⅞h⅞l⅝₎l⅞mi⅓tiSh⅞hr R⅞m⅞dh⅞nW⅞Sh⅞⅞l
itshold⅔ompltthd⅞ysoy’⅞sll⅞sn⅞tr⅞l⅔onstr⅞intsinitssightingH⅞lso pointsot⅞⅓ot⅞rgmntsithrrn⅔sto⅞ll
q M⅞llim⅞l⅝₎r⅞⅓iyy⅞h
is⅓ook⅔l⅞rlydnsth₎r⅞⅓i⅔t⅞⅔hingmthodssp⅔i⅔⅞llyonhotot⅞⅔hth ₎r⅞⅓i⅔l⅞ng⅞gtononn⅞tisp⅞krs
r K⅞msIndonsi⅞₎r⅞⅓Inggrisd⅞n₎r⅞⅓InggrisIndonsi⅞ s Sj⅞r⅞hIsl⅞mdiJ⅞⅞B⅞r⅞t
Inthis⅓ookdnshistori⅔⅞lly⅞⅓otth⅔hronologyothspr⅞doIsl⅞mi⅞ndho thusinp⅞sty⅞rsspr⅞dIsl⅞mins⅞nt⅞r⅞sp⅔i⅔⅞llyromth⅞rlytothgoldn⅞g othB⅞ntnSlt⅞n⅞tpriod
t Mn⅔int⅞iKl⅞rg⅞⅞⅓i₉Bk⅞lMnjSrg⅞
is⅓ookis⅞⅔ompil⅞tionoMh⅞rr⅞m⅓ook⅞ndKt⅞m⅞⅞nKl⅞rg⅞R⅞slll⅞h S₎W⅓oth⅓ooksrrittn⅓y₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhHmph⅞sizstho⅓lig⅞tiono⅞ll MslimstolorophtMh⅞mm⅞ds⅞mily⅞ndhisospring⅞s⅞r⅔tionothloor Mh⅞mm⅞dS₎WInthis⅓ookHds⅔ri⅓sthH⅞dithsothpriilgsoMh⅞mm⅞d S₎W⅞ndhis⅞milyp⅞rti⅔l⅞rly₎liR₎⅞tim⅞hZ⅞hr⅞H⅞s⅞n⅞ndHsin
⅞thr⅞lUkh⅞h⅞lIsl⅞miyy⅞hinthormo⅞pros
isprost⅞lks⅞⅓otIsl⅞mi⅔⅓rothrhood⅞nd₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhsrstlssnssonth dissntionothMslimorlddtodirn⅔sinhoMslimson⅞nothr onho⅞rthtrons⅞ndho⅞r⅞lsisis⅞nimp⅞⅔to⅓igotryor⅞n⅞ti⅔ismo
₎s⅞rsltthr⅞rm⅞ny⅔⅞sso⅔oni⅔ts⅞nd⅔ontrorsy⅞mongMslims ror₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhritsdr⅞morIsl⅞mi⅔nityinthtr⅞mongthMslim orld
Kth⅞n⅞n₉D⅞s⅞rHidprsor⅞ng⅞nd⅞nM⅞sj⅞r⅞k⅞tM⅞nsi⅞
is⅓ook⅓lishd⅓yV₎lM⅞⅞rirsst⅞lks⅞⅓otsuu⅞ndth⅓⅞siso rligionis⅓ookt⅞lks⅞lso⅞⅓otthxistn⅔oGodithlogi⅔⅞ls⅔inti⅔idn⅔s s⅔in⅔⅞nd⅓lioGodh⅞⅞⅓⅞si⅔rl⅞tionship⅞⅔hothrS⅔in⅔s⅔iiliz⅞tion⅔ltr ⅞ndtr⅞ditionotrrligion⅞r⅞⅔t⅞llym⅞nttoimprohm⅞nli
₎lB⅞r⅞h⅞in₉T⅞yyid₎hl⅞⅞lSnn⅞h⅞⅞lJ⅞m⅞⅞h₎t⅓⅞⅞lM⅞dhh⅞hi⅓⅞l₎r⅓⅞⅞h⅝₎m m⅞h⅞⅞lSh⅞iyy⅞hKh⅞sh⅞h
x Ringk⅞s⅞nSj⅞r⅞hW⅞liSongo
is⅓ook⅔l⅞ristoWstrnhistori⅞nsonth⅔l⅞imth⅞tIsl⅞m⅔⅞mtoIndonsi⅞inth th⅔ntryHr₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞ssrtsth⅞tIsl⅞mh⅞s⅓ninIndonsi⅞sin⅔in⅞rly
Hijr⅞y⅞rsIt⅔⅞n⅓tr⅞⅔kdromthrl⅞tionship⅓tn₎r⅞⅓tr⅞drs⅞ndlo⅔⅞lpopl odringth⅞t⅔ntryRrringtoth⅓ookut-r⅓ySh⅞ikhSy⅞msddin₎⅓ U⅓⅞idll⅞hMh⅞mm⅞d⅓inToli⅓⅞dDims⅞hqi₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅔onrmsth⅞tththirdo C⅞liph⅞tUthm⅞n⅓in⅝₎⅞nsnthisdlg⅞tiontos⅞nt⅞r⅞⅞r⅔hipl⅞gos⅓sidsChin⅞ Mororthis⅓ookxpl⅞insthhistoryothspr⅞doIsl⅞mins⅞nt⅞r⅞⅓yth iththirslt⅞n⅞t
y throrks⅞nd⅞rti⅔lsh⅞p⅓lishdin⅞ndrm⅞g⅞zins
rom ₎⅓dll⅞h⅓in hsorksit is ⅞pp⅞rnt th⅞t h ⅞s mor inn⅔d ⅓y ⅞l G⅞zh⅞lis orks irst h tr⅞nsl⅞td sl⅔tions o ⅞lGh⅞z⅞lis orks into Indonsi⅞n ⅞nd Snd⅞nsl⅞ng⅞gsorh⅞ingSh⅞lssorks⅞rnot⅞syorpoplithot ⅞ny⅓⅞si⅔knoldginSsm₎⅓dl⅞h⅓inhmighth⅞⅞lso⅓ninn⅔d⅓yhis ⅞thrho⅞s⅞lso⅞nSh⅞nd⅞mosort⅞⅔hing⅞ndndrst⅞nding⅞lGh⅞z⅞li⅞sll ⅞s⅓ing⅞nxprtonIhy⅞Ulmddin
Likhis⅞thrdringhisli₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞s⅞lso⅞⅞mosSh⅞nd⅞⅔⅔ording tohisrinds⅞ndstdntsh⅞s⅞gr⅞tShs⅔hol⅞r₈S⅔ondonissson⅔oni⅔tso
hrrrdto⅞lGh⅞z⅞lisorkss⅔h⅞ss-rqMororh⅞sry stri⅔tintrmso⅞⅔⅔s⅞tiononon⅓lirs-t r⅓tnth⅞dhrntso ⅓⅔⅞sit⅔⅞rrid⅞t⅞lrisk⅞nd⅔onsqn⅔ird⅞lsothn⅞msohisinstittions⅓oth
Isl⅞mi⅔Cntr⅞lGh⅞z⅞li⅞nd⅞lIhy⅞⅞r⅔l⅞rprooth⅞th⅞s⅞n⅞lGh⅞z⅞lisproponnt rthrmor₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞s⅞gr⅞ts⅔hol⅞rhoh⅞dhighdr⅞msoIsl⅞mi⅔ ⅓rothrhood ⅞mong Mslims in this orld ithot ⅞ny ⅔oni⅔t d to His dr⅞m⅞sdr⅞ninhispros-uww-syyHst⅞tdth⅞t⅞llMslims⅞s ⅞r⅓rothrslong⅞sthy⅓liin₎ll⅞hHismssngrMh⅞mm⅞d⅞ndJdgmntd⅞y rg⅞rdlss o r⅞⅔ H ⅞s ry dis⅞ppointd in th ⅔oni⅔ts ⅞mong Mslims ⅔⅞sd ⅓y dirn⅔sohi⅔hissimplythrsltoprson⅞lintrprt⅞tion⅞ndisnotinth ⅓⅞si⅔prin⅔iplsoIsl⅞mSodirn⅔so⅞rn⅞tr⅞l⅞⅔⅔ordingto₎⅓dll⅞h⅓in hndringrophtMh⅞mm⅞ds⅞ndhis⅔omp⅞nionslitim
. Conclusion
is stdy prsnts ₎⅓dll⅞h ⅓in hs strggl on d⅞⅞ throgh Isl⅞mi⅔ d⅔⅞tion p⅞rti⅔l⅞rlyonhis⅔ontri⅓tiononthdlopmntoIsl⅞mi⅔d⅔⅞tioninIndonsi⅞⅞ndhis orksthroghothisliithrhisrqntly⅞⅔⅞dmi⅔ritingnor⅓ookstr⅞nsl⅞tion
₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞s⅞gr⅞ts⅔hol⅞rithintrdis⅔iplin⅞ryknoldg⅓othIsl⅞mi⅔⅞nd
₈ Sth⅞⅔knoldgmntth⅞t₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞s⅞nSh⅓yhisstdnts₎hm⅞dZ⅞iniD⅞hl⅞n⅞nd hisrindS⅞idin-r-hlm
S₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhz-’s-rq
s⅔in⅔ H ⅞s ⅞ Mslim polym⅞th ith signi⅔⅞nt ⅔ontri⅓tions in intll⅔t⅞l hrit⅞g so⅔i⅞ldlopmnt⅞ndstrggl⅞g⅞instimpri⅞lismHis⅞rolmodlto⅔rrntMslim s⅔hol⅞rstod⅞y⅓⅔⅞sdspith⅞ingproondknoldgh⅞snotimprios⅞ndlid ithmodstly⅞ndhm⅓lythroghothisliH⅞lso⅞l⅞ys⅞ttmptdto⅞oid⅔ontrorsy p⅞rti⅔l⅞rly⅞mongMslimsintrmoIsl⅞mi⅔t⅞⅔hings⅞ndpoliti⅔⅞lis
roghothisli₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh⅞sry⅔on⅔rnond⅞⅞⅞lIsl⅞miyy⅞hp⅞rti⅔l⅞rly throghd⅔⅞tionIsl⅞mi⅔dis⅔orss⅞⅔⅞dmi⅔ritingonm⅞g⅞zins⅓ookstr⅞nsl⅞tiont⅔In thd⅔⅞tion⅞lld₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhondsr⅞lIsl⅞mi⅔instittions⅞ndstrinordr to⅔r⅞tgoodmiliinthIsl⅞mi⅔t⅞⅔hingss⅔h⅞sIsl⅞mi⅔⅔ntr“⅞lGh⅞z⅞li⅞nd“⅞lIhy⅞⅞
-yB⅞tt⅞p⅞k-usL⅞yngs⅞ri⅞ndusSk⅞r⅞j⅞⅞rondBogor
Mororinthintll⅔t⅞l⅞⅔tiitishh⅞d⅞⅔r⅔i⅞lrolinthIndonsi⅞ndlopmnt r⅞⅞trindpndn⅔hi⅔h⅞sond⅞nIndonsi⅞Rs⅞r⅔hInstittinordrtostrngthn Isl⅞mi⅔prin⅔ipl⅞g⅞instmodrnidologis⅞tth⅞ttimTosmp₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inhh⅞s ⅞⅔r⅔i⅞l⅔ontri⅓tiontoIndonsi⅞inp⅞rti⅔l⅞rinthd⅔⅞tion⅞lldIsl⅞mi⅔intll⅔t⅞l ⅞⅔tiitisd⅞⅞⅞lIsl⅞miyy⅞h⅞ndinth⅓⅞ttlld⅞sll⅞g⅞inst⅔oloni⅞listsrorhigh ⅞ppr⅔i⅞tion⅞ndhonorgintohim
Ѕ
₎⅓dll⅞h⅓inh₈tru-uww-syyBogor₉M⅞rk⅞z⅞lGh⅞z⅞li⅞lIsl⅞mi ⅞lK⅞⅝₎lii⅓n₎nis₇
utrttt--ryy-stusYmn₉M⅞rk⅞z⅝i⅓⅞dili⅞lDir⅞s⅞tW⅞⅞l⅞shr ₎ntonioMh⅞mm⅞dSy⅞I-zrs:uu:
rsuJ⅞k⅞rt⅞₉T⅞zki⅞⅓lishing
CornlisHisStjinV⅞nsurts’sts:s uruLidn₉LidnUnirsity
D⅞hl⅞n₎hm⅞dZ⅞ini₈₇-rBogor₉ Dr⅞klyStnstrysLondon₉Grnoodrss
⅞tion⅞l₎r⅔hisothRp⅓li⅔oIndonsi⅞us-srrvs J⅞k⅞rt⅞₉o⅓lishr