GETTING STARTED WITH PHP

P

HP is a popular scripting language used to create powerful and dynamic Web sites. PHP is currently in use on over five million Web sites around the world. PHP is open source software, which means it is available

free of charge. There are also no costs or restrictions related to distributing the PHP scripts you create, whether the scripts are for development or commercial use.

INTRODUCTION TO PHP

Interactive Web Sites

Interactive Web sites contain Web pages that exchange information between the Web site and the user. Using PHP allows Web developers to easily create Web pages that process information from a user and then generate content depending on the information submitted by the user. Interactive Web sites allow Web developers to tailor the content of Web pages to better appeal to the user.

Database Manipulation

One of the most important features of PHP is the ability to work with a number of different databases, including MySQL, Oracle and Sybase. PHP pages can be used to access a database and then make the information stored in the database available to users who visit the Web site. Using databases to store information and PHP code to access the information is an efficient method of displaying up-to-date information in a Web site.

PHP can also allow users to manipulate the data in a database. For example, a PHP page can be used to add, delete or edit records in a database depending on a user's request.

Versions

PHP is constantly evolving and a new version of the language is released every few years. Each new version of PHP offers more features than previous versions but is still compatible with the previous versions. This means that scripts you write using the current version of PHP will be compatible with future versions. PHP 4 is the current version of PHP and is used in the examples throughout this book.

HTML

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the markup language used to create Web pages. PHP can be used to dynamically generate the HTML code for a Web page. PHP code can also be embedded into the HTML code for a Web page. PHP is embedded into HTML code with the use of special tags, called delimiters. Using the delimiters, you can add as many sections of PHP code to an HTML document as you need. Embedding PHP code in HTML code makes it possible to enhance existing Web pages on a Web site.

Dynamic Web Sites

Dynamic Web sites contain Web pages that display constantly changing content. Using PHP, you can determine the content a Web page displays, depending on many different factors. For example, you can have a page automatically present different content to users depending on the current date or the user's location. Dynamic Web pages are more useful to each individual user than static Web pages.

Cross Platform

PHP can be installed on computers using different Windows and Unix operating systems. While some specialized functions work only on specific platforms, the vast majority of PHP code will work equally as well on either platform. Many PHP developers write their code on Windows-based computers and then use the code on Web servers that run a Unix operating system.

Web Servers

You do not require a dedicated Web server to publish the Web pages you create using PHP. You can simply install Web server software on your own computer. A popular example of Web server software that includes support for PHP is Apache. Microsoft's Web server products, Internet Information Server (IIS) and Personal Web Server (PWS), can also be used to store and serve PHP pages. If you cannot install Web server software on your computer, you can transfer your PHP pages to a Web hosting service on the Internet.

Development Tools

You do not require any special development tools to create and view PHP pages. All you need is a text editor and a Web browser. Although there are some programming tools available that make creating PHP pages easier, these tools are typically used only by Webmasters who generate large amounts of PHP code on a continuous basis.

Server-Side Processing

A Web server processes all the PHP code in a Web page and translates the code into simple HTML code. This means that Web developers do not have to take into consideration the types of Web browsers used by clients. Any browser that can view Web pages can view pages containing PHP code processed by a Web server.

Object-Oriented

Although PHP is not a true object-oriented language, PHP does support object-oriented programming concepts that allow Web developers to write code in an object-oriented fashion. Object-oriented programming is a type of programming that treats packages of code as distinct modules, or objects. Using objects can make a large Web application easier to manage, especially if there are multiple developers working on the same application.

Increased Security

5

C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache

■

This area displays the folder where Apache Web server files will be installed.

■

You can click Browse to specify a different folder in which to install the files.

›

Click Next to continue.

ˇ

Click the type of installation you want to perform.

Note: If you choose Custom, the following steps will be different for your installation.

4

INSTALL APACHE WEB SERVER ON WINDOWS

⁄

Double-click the icon for the Apache Web server installation program to start installing the program.

■

A welcome dialog box appears.

■

This area displays information about the Apache Web server program.

¤

Click Next to continue.

■

This area displays the license agreement you must read and accept before continuing.

‹

Click Yes to accept the agreement and continue.

■

An information dialog box may appear, providing information about this version of the Web server software. Click Next to continue.

B

efore you can publish PHP pages, you must install a Web server that can interpret and process PHP code. Apache Web server is an extremely reliable and robust Web server that can be used for serving a small intranet or a large commercial Web site. Since Apache is the most popular Web server used on the Internet, PHP has been developed to work well with Apache to make PHP pages available on the Web.

A recent release of Apache Web server is included on the CD-ROM disc that accompanies this book, but you should make sure you install the latest release of the server. The latest version of Apache is available at the www.apache.org Web site.

Before you can install Apache, you must install the TCP/IP protocol on your computer. For information about installing network protocols, refer to your operating system

documentation.

Apache Web server is relatively easy to install and maintain. Although the Windows version of Apache was designed primarily for use on computers running the Windows NT or Windows 2000 operating system, it can also be used on computers using Windows 95, 98, Me or XP.

On the Windows platform, Apache is installed using a standard Windows installation program. The Apache files must be installed in a folder on the computer. The default installation location is C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache. You can specify another destination folder, but it is recommended that you accept the default folder.

Apache includes several parts, such as documentation, modules that increase Web server efficiency and the source code of the application program itself. You may not need to install all the available components in order to use Apache. The setup program allows you to choose the type of installation you want to perform.

INSTALL APACHE WEB SERVER ON WINDOWS

When installing Apache Web server, you can choose one of three installation options. The Typical option installs the most commonly used files and is the recommended option. The Compact option installs only the files required to run Apache. This option is useful when installing Apache on a computer with limited hard drive space available. The Custom option allows advanced Web site developers to choose the Apache Web server files they want to install.

If you are installing a more recent version of Apache Web server than the one included on the CD-ROM disc that accompanies this book, you should carefully read the Web server documentation, especially the areas that relate to PHP. Later versions of Apache may work differently with PHP than the version used in this book.

Unlike commercial programs, which often include a support department to handle any problems with the application, there is no official support included with the Apache program, so you must troubleshoot any problems yourself. There are, however, many Web sites, user groups, newsgroups and books available that can be a source of information for Apache users. The Apache FAQ located at http://httpd.apache.org/docs/misc/FAQ.html is a good starting point when looking for help information.

My Documents

My Computer Online Services

Outlook Express

Programs

Apache Web Server Apache as a service Install service

Jack Smith...

Accessories Apache

Games Online Services StartUp

INSTALL APACHE AS A SERVICE

⁄

Click Start.

¤

Click Programs.

‹

Click Apache Web Server.

›

Click Apache as a service.

ˇ

Click Install service.

Á

Restart the computer. Apache Web server will start automatically each time the computer is started.

TEST APACHE

⁄

Start the Web browser you want to use to test Apache Web server.

¤

Click this area to highlight the current Web page address and then

INSTALL APACHE WEB SERVER ON WINDOWS (CONTINUED)

■

This area displays the folder where program icons for Apache will be installed.

‡

Click Next to install

Apache on your computer.

■

A dialog box appears, indicating that the installation is complete.

°

If you do not want to display the README file after the dialog box closes, click the box beside this

·

Click Finish to close the dialog box.

W

hen installing Apache Web server on a computer

running a Windows operating system, a folder containing shortcut commands for Apache Web server is added to the Programs folder on the Start menu. This folder allows you to quickly access commands that let you work with Apache from the Start menu.

The installation program allows you to choose whether you want to view a README file that contains information about the release of Apache you installed. If you choose to display the file, it will open when the installation is complete. You should carefully review the README file for any new release of Apache you install.

Once Apache Web server is installed, you should install the Web server as a service. A service is a term used on Windows computers to describe a program that is automatically executed and managed by the operating

system. When you install Apache as a service, the program will start automatically and run in the background each time the computer is started. Once the Web server has been installed as a service, you should restart the computer.

To confirm that Apache Web server has been installed and started properly, you can have the server display a page in a Web browser. After starting the Web browser you want to use, you enter the name or IP number of your computer as the URL in the Web browser. The IP number indicates the computer that is running the Web server software. If you do not know the IP number of your computer, you can use 127.0.0.1, which is the IP number that computers running TCP/IP use to refer to themselves. If the Apache installation was successful, a default Web page will be displayed.

INSTALL APACHE WEB SERVER ON WINDOWS

After installing Apache Web server as a service, you can stop or restart Apache manually using Start menu commands. To stop or restart Apache on most Windows systems, click Start, select Programs and choose Apache Web Server. Then click Apache as a service and select Stop Service or Restart Service.

You can also start and stop Apache Web server from within a command prompt window. In the command prompt window, change to the directory that contains the Apache program files, usually C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache, and type

apacheat the prompt to start the Web server. You can use the same method to stop Apache, except type apache -k shutdownat the prompt.

If you are removing Apache Web server from your computer, you may want to first uninstall Apache as a service to ensure that the program is removed correctly. To uninstall Apache as a service, click Start, select Programs and choose Apache Web Server. Then click Apache as a service and select Uninstall service.

The Apache Web server program is written by a group of dedicated and talented volunteers who do not receive any payment for their work with Apache. Apache Web server is completely free to download, install and use. Unlike many free programs that require a fee to be paid if the software is used for business purposes, there are no restrictions on the use of Apache.

‹

Type the IP number of your computer or 127.0.0.1

and then press Enter.

9

To confirm that Apache has been installed and started

properly, you can have the server display a page in a Web browser. The Lynx Web browser is a text-based browser available on most Unix computers. To display a test page generated by Apache, type lynx http://

followed by the IP number or name of your computer at the prompt. You can also use 127.0.0.1, which is the IP number computers using TCP/IP commonly use to refer to themselves.

On some Unix systems, such as Red Hat Linux, you can use the Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) to install Apache Web server. RPM is an easy-to-use application that allows you to quickly install, update and remove applications from your computer. More information about RPM is available at the www.rpm.org Web site.

You can restart or stop Apache using the same method you use to start the server. To restart Apache, type /user/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart

at the prompt. To stop Apache, type

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop.

The tarcommand can be used to combine multiple files into a single, more manageable file. The letters xvfindicate settings you can specify for the tarcommand. To display information about the settings you can use with the tarcommand, type man tarat the prompt. When you finish reviewing the settings, press qto quit.

Á

To install the Apache files on the computer, type

make installand then press Enter.

■

This message appears when Apache has been successfully installed.

8

INSTALL APACHE WEB SERVER ON UNIX

⁄

At the command prompt, type gunzip

followed by the name of the file you want to unzip. Then press Enter.

¤

To retrieve the unzipped files from the archive, type

tar xvffollowed by the name of the tar file that contains the Apache files. Then press Enter.

Note: A directory with the same name as the tar file is automatically created to store the files retrieved from the archive.

‹

_{To work in the directory}

that contains the Apache files, type cdfollowed by the name of the directory. Then press Enter.

›

_{To specify a directory where}

you want to install the Apache files, type ./configure – –prefix=. Then type the name and location of the directory and press Enter.

ˇ

_{To prepare Apache for}

installation, type makeand then press Enter.

A

pache Web server was originally developed and configured to run optimally on computers using the UNIX operating system, which makes Apache an ideal server to use to interpret and process PHP code on a Unix computer.

A recent release of Apache is available on the CD-ROM disc that accompanies this book, but you can check the www.apache.org Web site for the latest release of the server. The steps for installing Apache will depend on the UNIX operating system and the version of Apache you are using. You should carefully read the installation instructions included with the software.

The Apache program files are usually stored in a compressed file with the .Z extension. To access the Apache files, you must first uncompress the compressed file using the

gunzipcommand. The files are then archived into a single

file with the .tar extension. You must extract the files from the archive using the tar xvfcommand. The extracted files are automatically saved in a new directory, which you can access using the cdcommand.

The configurecommand allows you to set up some

Apache installation settings to suit your needs. You may need to precede the configurecommand with ./to indicate the location of the command on the computer. To specify a directory where you want Apache program files to be installed, you use the --prefixparameter with the configurecommand, specifying the name and location of the directory as the value of the --prefix

parameter.

After you run the configurecommand, you must execute the makecommand to prepare Apache Web server for installation. You then use the make installcommand to install the Apache files on the computer.

Once the Apache software has been installed, you can use the startcommand to start the Web server.

INSTALL APACHE WEB SERVER ON UNIX

START APACHE

‡

_{To start Apache, type}

the name and location of the directory you specified in

the --prefixparameter in

■

You can now use Apache Web server to process and display PHP pages you create.

Save

The name and location of the Apache configuration file depends on the operating system the computer uses. The name of the configuration file is usually httpd.conf. On Windows operating systems, the file is typically located in the conf subdirectory of the main Apache program directory. On Unix-based computers, the file is usually found in the /etc directory.

When you specify a file path in the Apache

configuration file, you should use slashes (/) instead of backslashes (\) in the path name. For example, the filename c:\php\php.exe should be typed as c:/php/php.exe.

To set up PHP as an Apache module, you should first move the php4ts.dll file, which is located in the main PHP directory, to your system directory. The name of the system directory depends on your operating system. On computers running Windows NT or 2000, you can move the file to the WINNT directory. To indicate that you want to use PHP as an Apache module, you must then add the following code to the Apache configuration file:

LoadModule php4_module c:/php/sapi/php4apache.dll AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml

°

To specify that Apache should pass files to the PHP program before displaying the files in a Web browser, type Action.

·

Type application/x-httpd-php

to specify the MIME type of the files you want to pass to PHP.

‚

Type the name and location of the PHP program file that will process the files, enclosed in quotation marks.

—

Save the Apache configuration file.

CONFIGURE APACHE WEB SERVER TO WORK WITH PHP

⁄

Open the Apache configuration file in a text editor.

¤

To create a virtual path that will allow Apache to access PHP program files, type ScriptAlias.

‹

Type the virtual path you want to use.

›

Type the actual location of the PHP files, enclosed in quotation marks.

ˇ

To specify which file extensions Apache should process as PHP files, type

AddType.

Á

Type application/x-httpd-php

to specify the MIME type used for PHP files.

‡

Type the extensions you want to use for PHP files.

W

hen you configure Apache Web server to work with PHP, you can set up PHP as a CGI binary or as an Apache module. Setting up PHP as an Apache module allows you to access additional capabilities of the PHP program, but for most installations it is sufficient to set up PHP as a CGI binary. To set up PHP as a CGI binary, you need to specify certain settings, or directives, in the Apache configuration file.

Initially, Apache Web server cannot access PHP program files because the files are stored in a location outside the server's directory structure. The ScriptAliasdirective allows you to create a virtual path Apache can use to access the directory that stores PHP program files. For example, on Windows computers, you can create the virtual path /php/ to allow you to access files in the C:\PHP directory.

To ensure that Apache Web server processes PHP files correctly, you use the AddTypedirective to specify the Multimedia Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) type used for PHP files. MIME types are a set of accepted file types typically used by Internet applications. PHP files use application/x-httpd-php as the MIME type. When using

the AddTypedirective, you also indicate the file extensions

you want to associate with PHP. PHP files commonly use the .php extension, but may also use other extensions, such as .phtml and .php3.

The Actiondirective allows you to specify that Apache

should pass PHP files to the PHP program for processing before displaying the files in a Web browser. When using

the Actiondirective, you specify the MIME type of the

files you want to pass to PHP as well as the name and location of the program that will process the files.

CONFIGURE APACHE WEB

13

■

You should restart the computer before using

World Wide Web Server 1.9 MB

5.6

Internet Information Services (IIS) 18.3 MB My Do

Before installing IIS, you should log on to the computer using the administrator account, since a user account may not have permission to install all the components that IIS requires. Logging on to the computer as administrator will ensure that you have all the necessary permissions to install IIS.

The Internet Information Services component includes several optional parts you can install. Documentation provides help files regarding the use of IIS and should be installed. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server allows IIS to host FTP sites. Personal Web Manager provides a graphical interface you can use to administer your Web sites. SMTP Service allows IIS to send e-mail messages.

After IIS is installed, the Internet Information Services window provides tools that allow you to administer your Web sites. Display the Control Panel and double-click Administrative Tools. In the Administrative Tools window, double-click Internet Services Manager to display the Internet Information Services window.

You can remove IIS from a computer. Perform steps 2 to 9 below, except select each part of the Internet Information Services component you want to remove in step 6 ( changes to ). Removing IIS from a computer does not remove the Inetpub\wwwroot directory and the files it stores from the computer.

Á

Click the box ( ) beside each part of the Internet Information Services component you want to install ( changes to ).

■

In this example, Common Files, Internet Information Services Snap-In and World Wide Web Server are selected.

‡

Click OK to confirm your selections.

°

Click Next to install the parts of the Internet Information Services component you selected.

■

When the installation is complete, a message indicates that you have successfully completed the Windows Components Wizard.

·

Click Finish to close the wizard.

12

INSTALL INTERNET INFORMATION SERVER

⁄

Insert the Windows 2000 Professional CD-ROM disc into a drive.

Note: If the Microsoft Windows 2000 CD dialog box appears, click to close the dialog box.

¤

In the Control Panel, double-click Add/Remove Programs to display the Add/Remove Programs window.

‹

Click Add/Remove Windows Components to display the Windows Components Wizard.

›

Click Internet Information Services (IIS).

■

This area displays a description of the Internet Information Services component.

ˇ

Click Details to display the Internet Information Services (IIS) dialog box.

M

icrosoft Internet Information Server (IIS) 5.0 is Web server software that allows you to host multiple Web sites on the Internet or on a network, such as a corporate intranet.

IIS 5.0 is designed for use with the Windows 2000 operating system and is available on the Windows 2000 Professional CD-ROM disc. IIS 5.0 offers many advanced features that allow you to effectively host and manage even the busiest Web sites. Although IIS 5.0 is powerful server software, it can still be used to learn about Web servers and PHP. IIS 5.0 can be used to perform all the examples in this book.

To install IIS on a computer, you must add parts of the Internet Information Services component to the computer. The parts of the component that must be added are Common Files, which are the files required to run IIS;

Internet Information Services Snap-In, which provides an interface you can use to administer your Web sites; and World Wide Web Server, which allows users to access your Web sites.

IIS may affect the performance of an existing or new service pack you install on the computer. If you need to install a service pack, you should check the support.microsoft.com Web site to determine whether the service pack should be installed before or after IIS is installed.

After IIS has been installed, you may have to restart the computer. IIS starts automatically each time the computer is started.

PHP can be installed either before or after installing IIS. You can have multiple installations of IIS on a computer, but you can have only one installation of PHP.

New Virtual Directory Site Default Web Site

You can also use Windows Explorer to add a virtual directory to IIS. Start Windows Explorer and then select the directory you want to add as a virtual directory. Click the File menu and then choose Properties. In the Properties dialog box, click the Web Sharing tab and then select the Share this folder option. In the Edit Alias dialog box that appears, type an alias for the virtual directory and then select the access and application permissions you want to use for the directory. Then click OK. Click OK in the Properties dialog box to add the virtual directory to IIS.

You can easily remove a virtual directory you no longer need from IIS. Perform steps 1 and 2 below to display the Internet Information Services window and then select the virtual directory you want to remove. Click the Delete button ( ) and then click Yes in the dialog box that appears. Removing a virtual directory prevents users from accessing pages stored in the directory but does not remove the directory and its contents from the computer.

■

The Virtual Directory Creation Wizard appears.

°

Click Next to continue.

·

Type an alias for the virtual directory.

ADD A VIRTUAL DIRECTORY TO INTERNET INFORMATION SERVER

⁄

In the Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools to display the

Administrative Tools window.

¤

Double-click Internet Services Manager to display the Internet Information Services window.

‹

Click to display a list of Web sites on the Web server ( changes to ).

›

Click the Web site you want to add a virtual directory to.

ˇ

Click Action.

Á

Click New.

‡

Click Virtual Directory.

W

hen Internet Information Server (IIS) is installed,

a number of directories are created that can be used to store Web pages and PHP pages. By default, these directories are stored in the document root directory C:\Inetpub\wwwroot. Only pages stored in the document root directory or its subdirectories can be displayed by users. You can create a virtual directory to make pages that are not stored in the document root directory or its subdirectories available for viewing.

In order for PHP pages stored in a virtual directory to be processed by the Web server, the virtual directory must be properly configured. The Virtual Directory Creation Wizard can help you add and configure a virtual directory.

You must give the virtual directory an alias, which is a name users will use to access pages in the directory. An

alias is often used to shorten a long directory name. For example, a directory named '2001_marketing_information' could be assigned the alias 'marketing'. Short directory names can help make a Web site easier for users to navigate.

Virtual directories allow IIS to make a directory accessible to users of a Web site regardless of the location of the directory. For example, the directory C:\datapages can be added to the abccorp.com Web site as a virtual directory with the alias 'data'. Users can then use the address www.abccorp.com/data/ to access pages in the virtual directory. Users accessing a virtual directory you have added to IIS will not be able to determine the actual location of the directory on the computer.

ADD A VIRTUAL DIRECTORY TO

INTERNET INFORMATION SERVER

Y

ou must specify the location of the directory you want to add as a virtual directory to IIS. You must also specify the access permissions for the directory. Access permissions determine how the Web pages, PHP pages and other files in the directory can be utilized.

The Read permission allows users to access Web or PHP pages and must be turned on for a virtual directory containing content you want to be displayed. The Read permission is turned on by default.

The Run scripts permission allows scripts to run in the directory and must be turned on for virtual directories that contain PHP pages. The Run scripts permission is turned on by default.

The Execute permission allows applications to run in the virtual directory. For security reasons, the Execute permission is rarely enabled.

The Write permission allows files to be created in the directory and must be turned on for virtual directories containing PHP pages that create files.

The Browse permission allows users to view a list of all the subdirectories and pages the virtual directory contains. When a user specifies a directory but does not specify the name of the page they want to display, the user can select a page, including a PHP page, from the list.

After a virtual directory is created, all the pages and files in the directory will be available to users accessing the Web site. You should be careful to store only files and Web or PHP pages you want users to be able to view in the virtual directory.

A virtual directory you add to IIS may be affected by folder permissions set by the Windows operating system. Folder permissions restrict who can access the folder and how the files in the folder can be used. For more information about folder permissions, see page 132.

ADD A VIRTUAL DIRECTORY TO

INTERNET INFORMATION SERVER

17

sales

■

A message appears, indicating that you have successfully completed the Virtual Directory Creation Wizard.

£

Click Finish.

■

The virtual directory is added to Internet Information Server and appears in this area.

16

ADD A VIRTUAL DIRECTORY TO INTERNET INFORMATION SERVER (CONTINUED)

—

Type the path of the directory you want to add as a virtual directory.

■

You can also click the Browse button to locate the directory on the computer.

±

Click Next to continue.

¡

Click an access permission in this area to turn the permission on ( ) or off ( ).

™

Click Next to continue.

You can later change the execute permissions for a virtual directory you have added to IIS. Display the Internet Information Services window and then select the virtual directory you want to change. Click the Properties button ( ) to display the Properties dialog box and then click the Virtual Directory tab. Click in the Execute Permissions area and select the option you want to use. The Scripts and Executables option allows all file types to be accessed or executed in the directory. The Scripts only option allows only scripts, such as PHP files, to be run. The None option allows access to only static files, such as HTML or image files.

After adding a virtual directory to Internet Information Server, you can enable or disable the logging function for the directory. Display the Internet Information Services window and then select the virtual directory you want to change. Click the Properties button ( ) to display the Properties dialog box and then click the Virtual Directory tab. Click the Log visits option to enable ( ) or disable ( ) the recording of visits to the directory in a log file.

My Documents

Internet Explorer Recycle Bin

Internet Guest Account (PHP-WIN2000\I... My Computer

My Network Places My Documents

Internet Explorer Recycle Bin

IUSR_PHP-WIN2000 PHP-WIN2000 My Computer

My Network Places My Documents

Internet Explorer Recycle Bin

Administrator (PHP-WIN2000\Administrator) My Computer

My Network Places My Documents

Internet Explorer Recycle Bin

Properties

phone_extensi ons My Computer

My Network Places

Great care must be taken when setting file and folder permissions on a Web server. To gain a full understanding of file and folder permissions and the consequences of changing these permissions, you should consult the operating system and Web server documentation. Incorrectly setting file and folder permissions on a Web server can leave the server vulnerable to a range of problems, from accidental data deletion to serious security breaches. Incorrect file and folder permissions can also prevent all users from accessing the Web server.

If you develop your PHP pages on a different Web server than you publish the pages on, you must ensure that the appropriate file and folder permissions are set on the Web server on which the pages are published. The permissions will not be transferred to the Web server when you transfer the files for the PHP pages.

If you no longer wish a user or group to have permission to access a file or folder, you can remove the user or group. Perform steps 1 to 4 below to display the Security tab of the Properties dialog box. Click the user or group that you no longer want to be able to access the file or folder and then click Remove.

Á

Click a user or group in this area you want to have access to the file or folder.

‡

Click Add.

■

The user or group you

■

You can repeat steps 6 and 7 for each user or group you want to be able to access the file or folder.

°

Click OK to confirm your selection.

·

Click a user or group in this area to view their permissions.

■

This area displays the permissions granted to the user or group.

SET WINDOWS FILE AND FOLDER PERMISSIONS

⁄

Click the file or folder you want to change the permissions for.

¤

Click File.

‹

Click Properties to display the Properties dialog box.

›

Click the Security tab.

■

This area lists the users and groups that can access the file or folder.

ˇ

Click Add to display the Select Users, Computers, or Groups dialog box.

Y

ou can change permissions to grant users and groups of users different types of access to a file or folder on Internet Information Server (IIS). The types of permissions that can be set for a file or folder depend on the operating system and file system installed on the Web server. The steps below are for use on a server running the Windows 2000 operating system with the NTFS file system.

When IIS is installed, a user account is created called IUSR_ followed by the name of the computer, such as IUSR_WEBSRV. This user account is part of the Everyone group. If you deny the Everyone group access to a file or folder, you can use the IUSR account to allow users to access information in the file or folder.

You can allow or deny permissions for a user or group to specify how a file or folder can be accessed. Full Control allows users to modify, add, move and delete files, as well

as change permissions. Modify allows users to modify, add, move and delete files. Read & Execute allows users to run applications, such as PHP pages. List Folder Contents allows users to display a list of files and folders stored in a folder. Read allows users to display files and Write allows users to change files.

Windows file and folder permissions work with the access permissions set in IIS. Access permissions set for a folder in IIS apply to all users who access the folder. Windows folder permissions apply only to the users and groups you specify. When Windows file and folder permissions and IIS access permissions are set differently, the Web server uses the most restrictive permissions. For more information about IIS access permissions, see page 14.

SET WINDOWS FILE AND

FOLDER PERMISSIONS

‚

Click an option to allow or deny the permission.

21

C:\Inetpub\wwwroot

In addition to Windows 98, PWS can be used on a computer running the Windows 95 or Windows NT Workstation operating system. If you do not have your Windows 98 CD-ROM installation disc or you are using Windows 95 or Windows NT Workstation, you can obtain Personal Web Server 4.0 at the www.microsoft.com Web site. PWS is part of the Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack.

You do not have to start PWS manually each time you want to use the software. Once you have installed the Web server software, PWS will start automatically each time you start your computer.

You can double-click the Personal Web Server icon ( ) on the taskbar to display the Personal Web Manager window. The Personal Web Manager window allows you to administer your Web site. For example, to stop PWS and make your Web site unavailable to users, click the Stop button. To restart PWS, click the Start button.

In addition to wwwroot, several other directories are created when PWS is installed. In the Personal Web Manager window, you can click C:\Inetpub\wwwroot to display these directories.

■

This area displays the location of the Personal Web Server home directory.

■

If you want to use a different directory as the home directory, click Browse to specify the directory you want to use.

›

Click Next to continue.

■

When the installation is complete, a message appears thanking you for choosing Microsoft software.

■

The Personal Web Server icon appears on the taskbar.

20

INSTALL PERSONAL WEB SERVER

⁄

Locate and double-click the setup.exe file for the Personal Web Server setup program.

Note: On the Windows 98 CD-ROM disc, the setup.exe file is located in the add-ons directory in the pws subdirectory.

■

The Microsoft Personal Web Server Setup dialog box appears, displaying information about Personal Web Server.

¤

Click Next to continue.

‹

Click the type of installation you want to perform.

Note: If you choose Custom, the following steps will be different for your installation.

M

icrosoft Personal Web Server (PWS) allows you to host a single Web site on your own computer to make Web and PHP pages available for viewing. This allows you to test and troubleshoot any problems before transferring the pages to a Web hosting service on the Internet. Personal Web Server 4.0 is available on the Windows 98 CD-ROM installation disc.

PWS is not suitable for making information available directly to users on the Internet, but can be used to share documents on small networks or intranets.

When installing PWS, you can choose the installation option that best suits your needs. The Minimum option installs only the files required to run PWS and is useful when installing PWS on a computer with limited hard drive space available. The Typical option installs the most commonly used PWS files and is the recommended option. The Custom option allows advanced Web site developers to choose the PWS files they want to install.

The C:\Inetpub\wwwroot directory is automatically set as the home directory for PWS. The home directory is where you will store all the Web and PHP pages you want to be able to display. If you do not want to use the C:\Inetpub\wwwroot directory as the home directory, you can set another directory as the home directory. This is useful if you already have a directory that stores the pages you want users to be able to display and you do not want to copy the pages to the default home directory.

After PWS and PHP are installed, you can begin creating and accessing Web and PHP pages. You can access pages using a Web browser installed on the same computer that is running PWS or a Web browser installed on another computer on the same network. To install PHP on a Windows-based computer, see page 22.

INSTALL PERSONAL WEB SERVER

ˇ

Click Finish to exit the setup program.

My Documents My Documents

My Documents My Documents

The most recent release of PHP is available at the www.php.net Web site. If you are installing a more recent version of PHP than the one included on the CD-ROM disc that accompanies this book, you should carefully review the documentation included with the software. Newer releases of PHP may work differently than the version used in this book.

If you wish to install the expanded version of PHP, you will need a program capable of unzipping files, such as WinZip. WinZip is available at www.winzip.com. You can find complete installation instructions for the expanded version in the install.txt and README.txt files, which are included with the PHP Zip file. You should carefully review each of these files before installing PHP.

Older versions of PHP are still available following the release of a new version. This is useful for system administrators who have standardized a particular version of PHP for use on their Web servers. Many Web and network administrators will not immediately upgrade to the latest available version of PHP unless they wish to take advantage of a specific feature of the new version. Administrators often decide to wait until a recent version of PHP has been widely used so they are aware of any errors or compatibility problems before installing the new version.

›

Click the type of installation you want to perform.

Note: If you choose Advanced, the following steps will be different for your installation.

ˇ

Click Next to continue.

■

This area displays the folder where PHP files will be installed.

■

You can click Browse to specify a different folder in which to install

INSTALL PHP ON A WINDOWS-BASED COMPUTER

⁄

Double-click the icon for the PHP installation program to start installing the program.

■

A welcome dialog box appears.

■

This area displays information about the PHP program.

¤

Click Next to continue.

■

This area displays a license agreement you must read and accept before continuing.

‹

Click I Agree to accept the agreement and continue.

I

n order to create and process PHP pages, you need to install PHP on your computer. Recent Windows versions of PHP can be used with Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000, ME and XP.

A recent release of PHP is included on the CD-ROM disc that accompanies this book. You can install PHP directly from the CD-ROM disc. The PHP program is available in a standard package, which includes a Windows installation program that allows you to easily install the software. PHP is also available in an expanded package that includes additional capabilities, such as database support for different operating systems. The standard package consists of a single executable file, while the expanded package is compressed into a Zip file. For Windows installations, it is usually sufficient to install the standard package using the Windows installation program.

The computer on which you install PHP does not need to be connected to the Internet. You can use a stand-alone

computer that has Web server software and the PHP program installed to develop PHP pages. The pages can then be transferred to a Web server connected to the Internet or an intranet. The Web server to which you transfer the PHP pages can use any type of operating system, such as UNIX.

When you start installing PHP, you must first accept a license agreement before the installation will continue. The setup program then allows you to choose the type of installation you want to perform. The Standard option is recommended for most users. The Advanced option allows experienced Web site developers to specify additional options for installing PHP.

You must also choose the directory where you want the main PHP files to be stored. The default installation location is C:\PHP. You can specify another destination folder, but it is recommended that you accept the default folder.

INSTALL PHP ON A

WINDOWS-BASED COMPUTER

25

My Documents

Internet Explorer

Connect to the Internet Recycle Bin My Computer

My Network Places My Documents

My Documents My Documents

PHP should be installed only on the hard drive of the Web server. You should not install PHP on a network drive or on removable media, such as a Zip drive. While it is technically possible to install PHP on these types of media, the performance of the program will deteriorate as the Web site is accessed more often.

When specifying the e-mail address you want to display on outgoing e-mail messages, you may want to use an e-mail address set up especially for the Webmaster, instead of the personal e-mail account of the person who holds the Webmaster position. This lets you avoid having to reconfigure the PHP settings if the Webmaster changes in the future.

If the computer stops responding before the PHP installation is complete, there may be a problem with the installation program or with the disk drive where PHP is being installed. You should close all open programs and restart the computer before attempting to re-install the program. If the installation program stops responding again, you can download another copy of the installation files from the main PHP Web site. You should also check the computer's hard drive for possible errors.

■

A dialog box appears, indicating that you are ready to install PHP.

■

You can click Back to return to a previous screen and change the information you entered.

±

Click Next to install

PHP on the computer.

■

A dialog box appears when the installation is complete.

24

INSTALL PHP ON A WINDOWS-BASED COMPUTER (CONTINUED)

‡

Double-click this area and type the name of the outgoing mail server.

■

If you do not know the name of the mail server, you can type localhost.

°

Double-click this area and type the e-mail address you want to display on outgoing mail.

·

Click Next to continue.

‚

Select the type of Web server you want to be configured for use with PHP.

■

If your Web server does not appear in the list, you can select None to configure the server manually.

Note: PHP may not be able to automatically configure the Web server you select.

—

Click Next to continue.

W

hen installing PHP, the setup program allows

you to specify the name of the mail server the computer will use to send e-mail messages. Specifying e-mail information is important if you intend to create PHP scripts that will send e-mail messages. Mail servers used to send e-mail messages use the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and are often referred to as SMTP servers. The network administrator or ISP should be able to tell you the name of the mail server used to send messages. If you do not have access to an SMTP server, you can type "localhost" as the mail server name.

You should also specify the e-mail address you want to display on outgoing e-mail messages. You would usually specify the address of the Web server administrator, usually referred to as the Webmaster.

PHP can automatically perform many of the configuration tasks necessary to allow the PHP program to be used

correctly with some types of Web servers, such as Internet Information Server (IIS). The setup program allows you to select the type of Web server you will use with PHP. Depending on the Web server you select, PHP may automatically configure the server to work with PHP.

When you have specified all the installation options, you can install PHP on your computer. The program should take only a few minutes to install.

After PHP has been installed, you can configure PHP to suit your needs using the php.ini file included with the program. For more information about configuring PHP, see page 26. You may also need to configure the Web server you want to use with PHP. To configure Apache Web server, see page 10. For information about configuring another type of Web server, refer to the server's documentation.

INSTALL PHP ON A

WINDOWS-BASED COMPUTER

On computers running the Windows operating system, the php.ini file should be stored in the main Windows directory, such as C:\WINNT or C:\WINDOWS. On Unix systems, the location of the php.ini file can vary, but the file can often be found in the /usr/local/lib/ directory.

When you enable extensions in the php.ini configuration file, you may have to specify where the files for the extensions are stored. All extension files are stored in a directory called extensions. By default, the extensions directory is a subdirectory of the main PHP directory. If the extensions directory is stored in another location, you can use the

extension_dirdirective in the php.ini

file to specify the location of the directory.

The extension_dirdirective can be found

under the Paths and Directories

comment. In the following example, the extensions directory is a subdirectory of the C:\webfiles directory.

Example:

extension_dir = c:\webfiles

PHP is comprised of many modules that are used to perform different tasks, such as the MySQL module, which is used to work with MySQL databases. The php.ini file can be used to change and specify module settings. Typically, each module has its own section heading, such as [MySQL]or [Sybase]. Any text enclosed in brackets []is ignored.

You can view more detailed information about configuring PHP at the

www.php.net/manual/en/configuration.php Web site.

ˇ

To change the maximum amount of memory a script can use, locate the

memory_limitdirective.

Á

Delete the current value and then type the value you want to use.

ENABLE AN EXTENSION

‡

_{To enable an extension,}

locate the Dynamic

Extensionscomment.

°

_{Locate the} extension

directive you want to enable.

CONFIGURE PHP

⁄

Locate and open the php.ini file in a text editor.

CHANGE RESOURCE LIMITS

¤

_{Locate the} Resource

Limitscomment.

‹

To change the maximum amount of time a script can execute, locate the

max_execution_time

directive.

›

Delete the current value and then type the value you want to use.

Y

ou can use the php.ini file to configure PHP to suit your needs. The php.ini file is a text file that controls how PHP processes scripts and is read by the Web server when PHP is started.

You can edit the php.ini file using a simple text editor, such as Notepad on a Windows computer, or vi, a text editor available on most Unix computers.

The format of the php.ini file is very simple. The file contains new lines and whitespace, which make the file easy to read. The new lines and whitespace are ignored and so do not affect the speed at which PHP operates. The php.ini file also contains comments, denoted by a semicolon. All the information from a semicolon to the end of the line is ignored.

The php.ini file is comprised of many directives that control the behavior of PHP. A directive consists of a

directive name followed by an equal sign (=) and a value. For example, the directive used to turn off error logging

is log_errors = Off. You can change the value of a

directive to change the way PHP operates. For example, you can change how long a script can execute or how much memory a script can use. Each directive appears on its own line in the file.

A semicolon precedes some of the directives in the php.ini file, such as the directives that implement

extensions. These directives are commonly used directives that can be enabled simply by deleting the semicolon. For example, you can remove the semicolon that precedes

the extension=php_gd.dlldirective to allow PHP

to generate images on the fly. Enabling an extension allows you to add extra functionality to PHP.

CONFIGURE PHP

·

Delete the semicolon that precedes the

extensiondirective.

29

If the Web server and PHP information

does not appear when you view the test file, you should review the topics in this book concerning the installation and configuration of the Web server and PHP. You should also review the documentation that came with the Web server and your version of PHP.

If you do not want the phpinfofunction to display all of the available information about the Web server and PHP, you can specify the type of information you want to display. To display only specific information, you can include one of the following arguments in the phpinfofunction: INFO_GENERAL,

INFO_CREDITS, INFO_CONFIGURATION,

INFO_MODULES, INFO_ENVIRONMENT,

INFO_VARIABLESor INFO_LICENSE.

Example:

phpinfo(INFO_VARIABLES)

The name and location of a Web server's document root directory depends on the operating system installed, the type of Web server and the installation choices made when the Web server software was installed. On Windows-based computers running Internet Information Server (IIS) or Personal Web Server (PWS), the document root directory is typically C:\Inetpub\wwwroot. On Windows-based computers running the Apache Web server, the document root directory is typically C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\htdocs. On Unix computers running the Apache Web server, the document root directory is typically

/usr/local/apache/htdocs or /home/httpd/html. You can use any text editor to create the PHP

test file. When saving the file, ensure that the file is saved in a text-only format.

Á

Start a Web browser.

‡

Click this area to highlight the current Web page address.

°

Type http://.

·

Type the name or IP number of the Web server followed by /.

‚

Type the name of the test file and then press Enter.

■

If the Web server and PHP are functioning properly, the Web browser displays information about the Web server and the current state of PHP.

28

VERIFY THAT PHP IS INSTALLED CORRECTLY

⁄

Start a text editor.

¤

Type the opening delimiter <?php.

‹

To display information about the Web server and PHP, type phpinfo();.

›

Type the closing delimiter ?>.

ˇ

Save the test file in the document root directory of the Web server.

■

The filename must end with the .php extension. You may have to enclose the filename in quotation marks.

O

nce the Web server software and PHP have been installed and the server has been configured to use PHP, you should verify that the Web server and PHP are working together properly. To do so, you can create a simple PHP test file and save the file on the Web server. You can then display the file in a Web browser.

The test file contains the phpinfofunction enclosed between the <?phpopening delimiter and the ?>closing delimiter. The delimiters tell the Web server where the PHP code begins and ends. A semicolon must follow the

phpinfofunction.

The phpinfofunction is used to display information

about the setup and configuration of the Web server and PHP. Using this function allows you to verify that the Web server and PHP are working together properly, as well as confirm installation and configuration choices.

The test file should be saved in the main, or document root, directory of the Web server.

To display the test file in a Web browser, you must specify the address of the file. The address must begin with http:// and include the name or IP number of the Web server.

If the Web browser you will use to view the file is running on the same computer as the Web server, you can use the computer name 'localhost' or the IP number 127.0.0.1. This is the IP number that computers using the TCP/IP protocol use to refer to themselves.

If the Web server and PHP are functioning properly, the Web browser displays information about the Web server and PHP when you display the test file. You can view general information about PHP, such as the version number, server information, such as the name of the document root directory, and detailed information about PHP extensions and variables.

ˇ

Repeat steps 2 to 4 for each file for which you want to change permissions.

Á

To view the new file permissions, type ls –l

and then press Enter.

■

An updated list of files appears, displaying the new file permissions.

CHANGE UNIX FILE PERMISSIONS

⁄

To view a list of files in the current directory and the permissions for each file, type ls –lat the prompt. Then press Enter.

■

The list of files appears. This area displays the permissions for each file.

¤

To change the permissions for a file, type chmod.

‹

Type the octal value that represents the permissions you want to assign to the file. The octal value should be preceded by a 0.

›

Type the name of the file to which you want to assign the permissions. Then press Enter.

Note: To assign the same permissions to more than one file, you can type the name of

E

ach file on a Unix computer includes a set of permissions that determine who can access, change or execute the file. The permissions for a file can be changed to control access to the file.

Only the owner of a file or the system administrator can change the permissions for a file.

To view the current permissions for a file, you can use

the ls -lcommand to display a list of all the files in

a directory. The permissions are usually displayed to the left of each filename.

On Unix systems, files can be assigned read (r), write (w), and execute (x) permissions. The permissions for a file are typically represented by a dash followed by a series of nine characters. The first three characters represent the permissions for the file's owner. The next three characters represent the permissions for the owner's group and the last three characters represent the permissions for all other users. For example, -rwxr--r-- indicates that the owner has

been assigned read, write and execute permissions and the group and other users have been assigned only read permission.

New file permissions are usually set using the chmod

command. The chmodcommand takes two arguments. The first argument specifies a value that represents the file permissions, while the second argument specifies the name of the file to which the permissions are to be assigned.

The value that represents file permissions is usually specified using octal notation. Octal notation uses a base-8 numbering system. The octal value consists of three digits, which represent the permissions for the owner, followed by the permissions for the owner's group and the permissions for other users. For example, the -rwxrw-r-- permissions will have an octal value of 764. You should precede the octal value with a zero (0).

CHANGE UNIX FILE PERMISSIONS

You can use this chart to determine and change the permissions for a file on a Unix computer.

You can change the owner of a file using

the chowncommand. When using the

chowncommand, you must specify the

username of the new owner followed by the name of the file you want to assign to a new owner. For example, you can type chown sandyr index.htmlto give ownership of the index.html file to the user sandyr.

You can use the chgrpcommand to assign a file to a new group. To use the

chgrpcommand, specify the name of

the group to which you want to assign the file followed by the name of the file. For example, you can type chgrp webadmins index.htmlto assign the index.html file to the webadmins group.

PERMISSIONS: OCTAL VALUE: DESCRIPTION:

--- 0 None

--x 1 Execute only

-w- 2 Write only

-wx 3 Write and execute

r-- 4 Read only

r-x 5 Read and execute

rw- 6 Read and write

33

Country Kitchen Web

www.company.com jsmith Web hosting services are companies that

make Web pages available on the Web. When choosing a Web hosting service, you should consider several factors. For example, you may want to look for a Web hosting service with adequate technical support services to meet your needs. You should also ensure that your hosting service offers enough storage space for any multimedia files included in your pages. A good Web hosting service will also be able to supply you with statistics about your pages, such as where users are from and any error messages that may have been generated.

You can create a new directory to store and organize your Web server connections. In the Configured Sites area of the Connection dialog box, click the directory you want to store the new subdirectory. If you want to create a main directory, click the Sites directory. Then click to create the directory. In the New Folder dialog box, type the name of the new directory and then click Finish.

‡

Click this area and type your password. A symbol (x₎ appears for each character you type to prevent others from seeing your password.

°

To save your password so you will not need to retype the password again later, click this option ( changes to ).

·

Click Save to have the program store the information you entered for the connection.

⁄

Click the connection for the Web server you want to transfer your Web pages to.

■

If the connection you set up is not displayed, click the plus sign ( ) beside the Ipswitch directory ( changes to ).

32

SET UP A CONNECTION CONNECT TO A WEB SERVER

⁄

Start the FTP program you will use to transfer your Web pages to a Web server.

■

The Connection dialog box appears.

¤

Click to display the New Site dialog box and set up a new connection to the Web server.

‹

Type a name for the connection.

›

Click this area and type the address of the Web server you want to transfer your Web pages to.

ˇ

Click Finish to continue.

■

The name of the connection appears in this area.

■

The address of the Web server you specified appears in this area.

Á

Click this area and type your user ID.

I

f you do not have a Web server that can make your

Web and PHP pages available on the Web, you must transfer the pages to a Web hosting service's Web server. You need a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) program to transfer your Web and PHP pages to a Web server. WS_FTP Pro for Windows is a popular FTP program. In the example below, we use WS_FTP Pro version 6.7. You can obtain the latest version of WS_FTP Pro at the www.ipswitch.com Web site.

Before you can transfer Web and PHP pages to a Web hosting service's Web server, you must set up a connection to the server. FTP programs can connect and transfer files to different types of Web servers using different types of operating systems. For example, you can use an FTP program to transfer PHP pages developed on a Windows computer to a Unix computer.

To set up a connection to a Web server, you must know the address of the server, your user ID and your password. If you do not know this information, contact your Web hosting service. Many FTP programs allow you to save your password, which saves you from having to retype your password each time you transfer Web pages to the Web server. When you save your password, anyone who uses your computer will be able to connect to the Web server, so you should not save your password if other people have access to your computer.

You need to set up a connection to a Web server only once. After you set up a connection, you can connect to the server at any time.

TRANSFER PAGES TO A

WEB HOSTING SERVICE

CONTINUED

FTP programs allow you to set up multiple connections. This is useful if you want to use one connection to transfer your Web and PHP pages to a Web server and another connection to download files from a different Web server. Perform steps 1 to 9 starting on page 32 for each connection you want to set up.

www.company.com

recipes . htm

www.company.com

My Webs

www.company.com

public www.company.com

You should check all references to files on your Web and PHP pages before transferring the pages to a Web server. For example, if an image on a page is stored in the same directory as the page, make sure you specified only the name of the image (example: banner.gif). If the image is stored in a subdirectory, make sure you specified the location and name of the image (example: images/banner.gif). If you have accidentally transferred a

file to the Web server, you should delete the file from the server. This helps save storage space and prevents clutter on the Web server. To delete a file from the Web server, select the file in the right pane of the WS_FTP Pro window and then click the Delete button. To confirm the deletion, click Yes in the dialog box that appears.

If you use a Macintosh computer to create your PHP pages, you can use the Fetch FTP program to transfer your pages to a Web hosting service. Fetch is available at the www.fetchsoftworks.com Web site. You can delete a connection you no

longer need. Click the connection in the Configured Sites area of the Connection dialog box and then click to delete the connection. To confirm the deletion, click Yes in the dialog box that appears.

ˇ

Click the file or directory you want to transfer to the Web server.

Á

Click to transfer the file or directory to the Web server.

■

The file or directory appears on the Web server.

‡

Repeat steps 3 to 6 for each file and directory you want to transfer.

TRANSFER PAGES TO A WEB HOSTING SERVICE

■

The WS_FTP Pro window appears.

■

This area displays the directories and files stored on the Web server.

⁄

Locate the directory you want to transfer your Web pages to. In many cases, the directory is named "public."

¤

Double-click the directory to display the

■

This area displays the directories and files stored on your computer.

‹

Locate the directory that contains the Web or PHP page(s) you want to

Note: You can double-click to move up one level in the directory structure.

›

Double-click the directory to display the contents of the directory.

O

nce you have connected to a Web hosting service's Web server, you can transfer information to the server. You can transfer a single file, multiple files or an entire directory to the Web server in one operation.

Before transferring your Web or PHP pages to a Web server, you should make sure the filenames all have the .html, .htm or .php extension and do not include spaces or special characters, such as * or &. You should also check with your Web hosting service to ensure that you have used the correct name for your home page.

You must also locate the directory on the Web server you want to transfer your files and directories to. This directory is often named "public." If you do not know the name of the directory, contact your Web hosting service. Your Web hosting service may also stipulate where you can place PHP files on the Web server.

If your connection to the Web server is idle for an extended period of time, the server may automatically disconnect you. This helps ensure that the Web server's resources are available for other people who need to access the server.

If you later make changes to the Web or PHP pages stored on your computer, you must transfer the updated pages to the Web server. The updated Web or PHP pages will replace the old pages on the server. When you transfer updated pages, a message may appear, indicating that the updated pages will replace the old pages.

Many Web and PHP pages work together and require other pages in order to work correctly. When transferring files, you should ensure that you also transfer any needed support files.

TRANSFER PAGES TO A

WEB HOSTING SERVICE

°

Click Close to end the connection to the Web server.