PENERJEMAHAN TEKS KHUSUS
REVIEW: WHAT IS TRANSLATION?
Tiga Kualitas Penerjemah
Profesional
1.
Menguasai pengetahuan umum yang luas
(dan pengetahuan khusus bila ia harus
menerjemahkan teks teknis)
2.
Memiliki kecerdasan untuk memahami
sebuah teks dan melihat secara cepat
“logika” teks yang harus diterjemahkan, dan
3.
Memiliki kemampuan retorika, yakni
kemampuan merekayasa bahasa untuk
menghasilkan terjemahan yang sepadan,
akurat, dan berterima pada pembacanya.
(Hoed, dalam Evand Halim: Lokakarya
Jenis Penerjemahan
Berdasarkan Penyampaian
1. Penerjemahan Tulis—Penerjemah 2. Penerjemahan Lisan—Juru Bahasa
Sumber Penerjemahan Tulis:
CARA KERJA PENERJEMAH
1. BEKERJA TETAP DI PERUSAHAAN
2. BEKERJA DI RUMAH SEBAGAI PENERJEMAH
LEPAS
3. BEKERJA DI RUMAH SEBAGAI PENERJEMAH
TETAP PERUSAHAAN
4. BEKERJA SAMBILAN SEBAGAI PENERJEMAH
PERUSAHAAN YANG
MEMERLUKAN PENERJEMAH
TETAP
1. Perusahaan Pertambangan Asing 2. Perusahaan Migas Asing
3. Perbankan Asing
4. Kantor Akuntan/Audit
5. Firma Hukum/Kantor Pengacara 6. Kantor Notaris
7. Media (Televisi, Koran, Media Online) 8. LSM Asing
PEMBERI PEKERJAAN UNTUK
PENERJEMAH LEPAS
1. Penerbit di Indonesia 2. Biro Penerjemahan
3. Perusahaan Multinasional 4. Perusahaan Periklanan 5. Kedutaan
6. Pemerintah atau BUMN 7. LSM Internasional
8. Perorangan
SYARAT PENERJEMAH YANG BAIK
1. Menguasai Bahasa Sasaran (Bahasa Indonesia);
terampil EYD
2. Menguasai Bahasa Sumber
3. Mengenal Bahan Terjemahan Dengan Baik
4. Mengetahui Cara Mencari Dan Menggunakan Sumber
Bantuan
5. Menguasai Beberapa Program Komputer: Word,
Excel, Powerpoint
ALAT BANTU PENERJEMAHAN DI
ERA 2000-AN
1. Program Komputer: Word, Excel, Powerpoint 2. CAT Tools: Wordfast, Trados, Omega3
3. Kamus Online :Kateglo, the freedictionary 4. Wikipedia, Google Search
5. Quick Time Player
6. Bahtera, Milis Penerjemah Indonesia:
bahtera@yahoogroups.com
DI MANA MENDAPATKAN
PEKERJAAN?
1. Penerjemah Buku:
http://blog.bahtera.org/2009/08/cara-merintis karier-sebagai-penerjemah-lepas-buku/
2. proZ, translatorcafe 3. HPI Notice
4. Milis Bahtera
BERAPA HONOR PENERJEMAH?
1. Berdasarkan halaman hasil terjemahan (1
halaman = 200 kata; Ariel, 12 fontsize, double space):
• Migas/Pertambangan/: Rp 75-150.000
• Perbankan/Kantor Hukum/Notaris: 50-100 • LSM Asing/Perwakilan Badan Dunia: 50-75 • Manufaktur: Rp 40.000 – Rp 60.000
BERAPA HONOR PENERJEMAH
(Lanjutan)
2. Berdasarkan jumlah kata dalam dokumen asli
3. Berdasarkan jumlah karakter
4. Berdasarkan jumlah jam yg digunakan dlm menerjemahkan
5. Berdasarkan jumlah subtitle dlm satu flm
6. Berdasarkan durasi flm (jumlah menit)
7. Berdasarkan derajat kesulitan
8. Berdasarkan jenis bahan yg diterjemahkan
9. Bahasa yg penerjemahnya langka
10.Peraturan Menkeu No. 084/PMK.02/2011: Indonesia-Inggris dan sebaliknya: Rp 125.000.
The Nature of the Legal
Language
• “We lawyers cannot write plain English. We use eight
words to say what could be said in two. We use old, arcane phrases to express commonplace ideas.
Seeking to be precise, we become redundant. Seeking to be cautious, we become verbose. Our sentences twist on, phrase within clause, clause within clause, glazing the eyes and numbing the minds of our readers. The result is a writing style that has, according to one critic, four outstanding characteristics. It is: (1) wordy, (2) unclear, (3)
Example 1: Ina – Eng
KUHPer Pasal 1425
“Tidaklah biaya rugi dan bunga, harus
digantinya, apabila lantaran keadaan memaksa atau lantaran suatu kejadian tak disengaja si berutang berhalangan memberikan atau
Example 2: Eng - Ina
Contractual Clause
The Security Agent shall not, nor shall any receiver appointed pursuant to any Finance Document or any attorney or agent of the Security Agent by reason of taking possession of the whole or any part of the Security
Property or any other reason whatsoever and whether as mortgagee in possession or on any other basis whatsoever, be liable for any loss or
damage arising from the realization of the whole or any part of the Security Property or any other property, assets, rights or undertakings of
whatsoever nature whether or not owned by the Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person or in which the Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person has an interest, from any act, default or omission in relation to all or any of the Security
Property or any other property, assets, rights or undertakings of
whatsoever nature whether or not owned by the Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person or in which the Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person has an interest, or from any act, default or omission in relation to the whole or any part of the
Security Property or from any exercise or non-exercise by it of any right, remedy or power conferred upon it in relation to the whole or any part of the Security Property or any other property, assets, rights or undertakings of whatsoever nature whether or not owned by the Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person or in which the Obligors (other than the Individual Guarantor) or any other person has an interest, by or pursuant to any Finance Document or otherwise, unless such loss or
Tiga syarat terjemahan teks
hukum yang baik (1):
1.
Terjemahan yang baik harus
benar (
accurate
) dan sepadan
(
congruent
) bila ditinjau dari
aspek linguistik maupun
hukum: “Dalam penerjemahan
teks hukum, istilah-istilah
hukum harus diterjemahkan
Tiga syarat terjemahan teks
hukum yang baik (2):
2. “Tolok ukur utama dalam
penilaian penerjemahan adalah
kesepadanan makna
antara
teks sumber dengan teks
sasaran. Terjemahan dianggap
salah apabila mengandung
distorsi makna referensial (tidak
sekadar dianggap sebagai
Tiga syarat terjemahan teks
hukum yang baik (3):
3.
“Terjemahan teks
hukum harus
setia
pada teks sumber
dan
memperhatikan laras
(
register
), gaya (
style
)
Some Principles of Translating
Legal Documents (1)
1. The legal translation should be faithful to the
source text.
Being “FAITHFUL” means:
• The translation should refect accurately the
meaning of the original text.
• The translator should refrain from changing
the style of the source text.
• Nothing should be arbitrarily added or
removed to the extent that it afects
Practice 1
•
I hereby appoint,
designate and constitute
Jonathan Tahir, M.Hum, as
my true and lawful
attorney-in-fact for me
and in my name, place,
Some Principles of Translating
Legal Documents (2)
2. Faithful Translation does not mean that the translator should do the translation word for word, like machine translation.
• The translator should at all times prioritize
readability of his/her translation by making any necessary changes through addition, deletion, tarnsposition, paraphrasing, etc.
• Such adaptation is called “the translator’s
strategy”, which is necessary to achieve a
Practice 2
•
No Party shall assign,
convey, sell, dispose of or
otherwise transfer any of the
Assets, either now or
hereafter existing, whether
in part or in whole, to any
third parties without the
• Partai manapun tidak diizinkan untuk
menetapkan, menyampaikan, menjual,
mengatur atau sebaliknya pemindaian aset apapun, baik untuk saat ini maupun
seterusnya, baik sebagian maupun
Practice 3
•
Licensor further agrees
that neither it nor any
of its legal
representative will
institute any action or
proceeding against
Some Principles of Translating
Legal Documents (3)
3. The translator should translate terminologies consistently into the target language.
• In legislation and other drafting, there is a convention that
the same idea is always expressed using the same wording.
• In statutory interpretation, this convention is refected in
the rule that ordinarily the same words should be
understood to have the same meanings while diferent words should be understood to have diferent meanings.
• In short, variations in wording in a legal text are generally
taken to signal a change in meaning. There is no room for aesthetically motivated variation in the translation of
As Robert Dick writes:
“Monotony is not abhorrent to a drafter. There is great satisfaction and comfort in seeing the same term over and over again. Reliance on the same meaning of the terms speeds the
understanding of the context. This is much like an editor who tries to achieve consistency of type faces for headings of a book as well as consistency in numbering patterns for
footnotes and chapters. The same approach is required for recurring word groups or
BE CONSISTENT
•
Perjanjian: Contract, Agreement
•Pasal: Article, Section, Clause
•
Harta/Kekayaan: Assets, Property, Estate
•Penggugat: Plaintif, Claimant
•
Appellant: Pembanding, Pemohon Banding
•Biaya hukum: Legal fees, Legal costs
•
Penyewa: Tenant, Lessee
•
Pemegang saham: Stockholder,
Some Principles of Translating
Legal Documents (4)
4. The translator should do terminological
research to ensure lexical accuracy (semantic equivalence).
“A translator is not an expert who knows
