INVENTARISASI GAS RUMAH KACA
SEKTOR KEHUTANAN
Ari Wibowo
Gelar Teknologi Badan Litbang Kehutanan
Jakarta, 19 November 2009
Latar
Latar Belakang
Belakang
LULUCF sbg sektor penting : Global 18%,
Nasional 74% (INC)
Laporan – laporan, selalu dengan dan tanpa
LULUCF : Tanpa LULUCF Indonesia
peringkat 15 (WRI, 2005), dengan LUCF
peringkat 15 (WRI, 2005), dengan LUCF
peringkat 3
Telah dilakukan inventarisasi GRK
menggunakan IPCC GL 2006 untuk SNC
Perlu sosialisasi tentang inventarisasi GRK
METODE INVENTORY LULUCF
Emission = Activity Data x Emission Factor
SNC base year 2000, trend 2000-2005
Activity Data menggunakan laporan-laporan (statistik
kehutanan, statistik Indonesia, FAO dan
literatur/laporan lainnya).
Penyesuaian dengan data terakhir hasil rekalkulasi
Penyesuaian dengan data terakhir hasil rekalkulasi
2008 oleh Ditjenplan
Emission Factor menggunakan IPCC Default dan local
studies
Metode inventarisasi menggunakan IPCC GL, 2006
dan mapping back menggunakan IPCC GL revised
1996.
Activity Data :
Activity Data : Deforestasi
Deforestasi ((Statistik
Statistik Kehutanan
Kehutanan) ) dari
dari
SPOT VEGETATION
SPOT VEGETATION images
images
Year Deforestation (1.000 ha/year)
Sumatera Kalimantan Sulawesi Maluku Papua Jawa
Bali and Nustra Indonesia 2000-2001 259,5 212,0 154,0 20,0 147,2 118,3 107,2 1.018,2 2001-2002 202,6 129,7 150,4 41,4 160,5 142,1 99,6 926,3 2002-2003 339,0 480,4 385,8 132,4 140,8 343,4 84,3 1.906,1 2003-2004 208,7 173,3 41,5 10,6 100,8 71,7 28,1 634,7 2003-2004 208,7 173,3 41,5 10,6 100,8 71,7 28,1 634,7 2004-2005 335,7 234,7 134,6 10,5 169,1 37,3 40,6 962,5 2000-2005 1.345,5 1.230,1 866,3 214,9 718,4 712,8 359,8 5.447,8
Average of Deforestation Rate period 2000-2005 is 5.447.800,0/5 =
1.089.560,00
ha/yearSource: SPOT-VEGETATION, Ministry of Forestry RI-Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Reporting Table
IPCC GL 2006
GHG Source and Sink Categories Net CO2 Emission/ Removal CH4 N2O NOx CO (Gg) Total Land Use Categories
A. Forest Land A.1. FL remaining FL A.2. Land converted to FL B. Crop Land B.1. CL remaining CL B.2. Land converted to CL C. Grass Land C.1. GL remaining GL C.2. Land converted to GL C.2. Land converted to GL D. Wet Land D.1. WL remaining WL D.2. Land converted to WL E. Settlements
E.1. Set. Remaining Set. E.2. Land converted to Set. F. Other Lands
F.1. OL. Remaining OL. F.2. Land converted to OL. G. Other (specify)
Biomass burning Liming
Definisi
.
(1) Forest Land
All land with woody vegetation consistent with thresholds used to define Forest Land in the national GHG inventory, including systems with a vegetation structure that currently fall below, but in situ could potentially reach the threshold values used by a
country to define the Forest Land category. (4) WetlandsIncludes areas of peat extraction and land covered or
saturated by water for all or part of the year (e.g., peatlands) and that does not fall into the Forest Land, Cropland, Grassland or Settlements categories. It includes reservoirs as a managed sub-division and natural rivers and lakes as unmanaged sub-divisions.
(3) Grassland
Includes rangelands and pasture land that are not considered Cropland. Systems with woody vegetation and other non-grass vegetation such as herbs and brushes that fall below
(2) Cropland
Includes cropped land, including rice fields, and agro-forestry systems where the vegetation structure falls below the thresholds used for the Forest Land category.
.
(6) Other Land
Includes bare soil, rock, ice, and all land areas that do not fall into any of the other five categories.
(5) Settlements
This category includes all developed land, including transportation infrastructure and human settlements of any size, unless they are already included under other categories. This should be consistent with national definitions
grass vegetation such as herbs and brushes that fall below the threshold values used in the Forest Land category. All grassland from wild lands to recreational areas as well as agricultural and silvi-pastural systems, consistent with national definitions.
Kategori Lahan IPCC dan Nasional
Tabel Pembagian kategori hutan Indonesia kedalam IPCC GL 2006Kategori IPCC 2006 Kategori Hutan
FL Hutan Lahan Kering Primer (UD) FL Hutan Rawa Primer (UD) FL Hutan Mangrove Primer (UD) FL Hutan Lahan Kering Sekunder (D) FL Hutan Rawa Sekunder (D)
FL Hutan Mangrove Sekunder (D) FL Hutan Tanaman
Area Penggunaan Lain (APL)
GL Belukar GL Belukar WL Belukar rawa OL Tanah terbuka WL Rawa CL Pertanian
CL Pertanian campur semak CL Transmigrasi S Permukiman GL Padang rumput CL Sawah CL Perkebunan OL Tambak OL Bandara - Air - Awan
Tingkat kerincian (Tier)
Pendekatan untuk menentukan perubahan luas (Activity Data)
Tingkat kerincian faktor emisi (Tier): perubahan cadangan karbon
1. Pendekatan Non-spasial : dari data statistik negara (mis FAO)
memberikan gambaran umum
1. Memakai data yang diberikan oleh IPCC (data default values) pada skala benua
memberikan gambaran umum perubahan luas hutan
pada skala benua 2. Berdasarkan peta, hasil survey dan
data statistik nasional
2. Data spesifik dari negara
bersangkutan untuk beberapa jenis hutan yang dominan atau yang utama
3. Data spatial dari interpretasi
penginderaan jauh dengan resolusi yang tinggi
3. Data cadangan karbon dari Inventarisasi Nasional, yang diukur secara berkala atau dengan modelling
Contoh Emission/Removal Factor Indonesia
Land use/cover category MAI
(tB/ha/y)
Sdev of MAI Lowland and hill forest formation (0-1000 m a.s.l.) 0.25 0.10 Lowland and hill logged-over forest (0-1000 m a.s.l.) 6.70 1.40
Secondary re-growth 2.23 0.85
Grassland 0.00 0.00
Mountain forest (>1000 m a.s.l.) 0.25 0.10
Fresh water swamp forest 6.04 2.20
Fresh water swamp forest 6.04 2.20
Peat swamp forest 2.32 0.85
Secondary re-growth on swampy 0.04 0.01
Mangrove forest 0.25 0.10
Industrial forest plantation 9.29 3.39
Mosaic of fruit trees, cinnamon, coffee and habitation 9.70 2.20
Small holder rubber 3.57 1.59
Estate plantation (rubber, oil palm, coconut) 6.00 1.26 Sumber: Boer et al (2001; dari berbagai Sumber)
LAND CHANGE MATRIX
Forest Land Remaining Forest Land Land Converted to Forest Land
Crop Land Remaining Crop Land Land Converted to Crop Land
Grassland Remaining Grassland Land Converted to Grassland Land Converted to Grassland
Wet Land Remaining Wet Land Land Converted to Wet Land
Settlement Remaining Settlement Land Converted to Settlement
Other Land Remaining Other Land Land Converted to Other Land
LCM : Forest Land
TOTAL LAND 187913 187913 187913 187913 187913 187913 187913 Non Forest 88382 88382 89503 90522 91448 93354 93989 Forest land 99531 99531 98410 97391 96465 94559 93924 Land Categories Sub Categories 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 90907 91960 93924 A. Total Forest Land 100856 99531 98410 97391 96465 94559 93924
1. Forest Land remaining Forest Land 100845 99521 98390 97349 96410 94220 93897
Undisturbed NF 54557 50761 48161 46029 42780 38399 36467 Undisturbed NF 54557 50761 48161 46029 42780 38399 36467 Disturbed NF 44143 46477 47867 48891 51099 53171 54648 Timber Plantation (SRS) 1032 1118 1176 1232 1320 1420 1533 Timber Plantation (LRS) 1113 1165 1187 1197 1211 1230 1249 2. Land converted to Forest Land 11 10 19 42 55 339 27
2.1 Cropland converted to Forest Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2 Grassland converted to Forest Land Reforestation 11 10 19 42 55 339 27 2.3 Wetlands converted to Forest Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.4 Settlements converted to Forest Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 Other Land converted to Forest Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LCM : Crop Land
B. Total Cropland 45314 47164 50208 46030 52506 54562
1. Cropland remaining Cropland 43867 45839 49077 44248 50315 53756 11525
Palm oil 3436.1 3769.0 3974.0 4116.0 5239.0 5390.0 5630.0 Rubber 3631.5 3595.0 3345.0 3318.0 3290.0 3262.6 3346.0 Cacao 689.3 798.9 866.9 919.0 921.7 929.7 Coconut 3679.3 3696.6 3897.5 3884.9 3882.5 3886.4 Coffee 1122.4 1385.1 1322.0 1376.2 1380.8 1395.9 Rice field 7810.1 7787.3 7779.7 7748.8 8400.0 7696.2 8179.0 Others 23498.1 24806.7 27892.3 22885.3 27201.3 31194.9 Others 23498.1 24806.7 27892.3 22885.3 27201.3 31194.9
2. Land converted to Cropland 1446.9 1325 1131 1781.5 2191 806.3 2.1 Forest Land converted to Cropland Palm oil 372.2 205.0 142.0 1123.0 151.0 240.0
Rubber 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83.4 Cacao 26.2 68.0 52.1 2.7 8.0 0.0 Coconut 41.0 200.9 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 Coffee 14.8 0.0 54.2 4.6 15.1 0.0 Rice field 226.8 0.0 0.0 651.2 0.0 482.9 Others 766.0 851.1 882.7 0 2013 0
2.2 Grassland converted to Cropland 2.3 Wetlands converted to Cropland 2.4 Settlements converted to Cropland 2.5 Other Land converted to Cropland
Hasil Inventory
GHG Source and sink categories - 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 (x Gg CO2)
Total Land Use Categories A. Forest Land
A.1. FL remaining FL - 38,758.7 53,859.4 56,938.1 71,621 50,744 A.2. Land converted to FL - 878.4 1,840.1 3,627.4 21,449
13,897 B. Crop Land - - - - -B. Crop Land - - - - -B.1. CL remaining CL - 41,895.8 42,966.4 33,098.0 32,363 26,345 B.2. Land converted to CL - (730,696.6) (650,099.7) (1,367,265.2) (454,077) (678,466) C. Grass Land -C.1. GL remaining GL - - - -C.2. Land converted to GL - - - -D. Wet Land - - - -E. Settlements - - - -Total - (649,163.6) (551,433.9) (1,273,601.7) (328,644) (587,489) G. Other (specify) - - -
-Sumber Emisi/Serapan
Kategori /Sub Kategori Sumber Removal Sumber emisi
FL-FL (UD, D, SGP, FGP) Biomass growth Wood removal, Fuel wood removal, Fire, Drained organic soils
L-FL (Reforestation, Abandoned ricefield, Hutan Rakyat, Gerakan tanam, Rehab. Mangrove)
Biomass growth, DOM
-CL-CL (Sawit, karet, kelapa,
sawah, kopi, dan others) Biomass growth Organic soil drainage
L-CL (FL-CL) (sawit, karet, Biomass growth Biomass loss, DOM dan Soil drainage L-CL (FL-CL) (sawit, karet,
sawah, others) Biomass growth Biomass loss, DOM dan Soil drainage GL-GL Tetap Mineral soil pada lahan miring
L-GL WL-WL L-WL Potential : Pembangunan dam/bendungan SL-SL L-SL
Mapping back IPCC GL 1996
LUCF categories CO2
emissions COremoval2 CH4 N2O CO NOX 5A. Changes in forest and
other woody biomass stocks 114,798.5 329,953.0 and grassland conversion
729,655.2 -5C. Abandonment of
croplands, pastures, - 81,639.9 croplands, pastures,
plantation forests, or other managed lands
- 81,639.9
5D. CO2emissions and
removals from soils 216,312.5
-5E. Others (Burning) 3 - 1 41 TOTAL
1,060,766.2 411,592.9
Hasil Invent + Peatfire Studi
No Options Emission from
Peatfires (Mt CO2)
Total
(+ 649.16 Mt CO2)
1 Study of 2000 the highest (Page et al, 2002) 711.0 1,360.2 2 Study of 2000 the lowest (IFCA, 2007) 2.4 652.6 3 Study of 2000 the latest (van der Warf et al.
(2008) 172.0 821.2
(2008)
4 Average the highest (Page et al, 2002) 3778.0 4,427.2 5 Average the lowest (IFCA, 2007) 6.4 656.6 6 Average of all studies all years 1206.0 1,855.2
The latest average (van der Warf et al. (2008), 466.0
Kendala dan Upaya Perbaikan untuk Inventarisasi GRK
IPCC GL 2006 memerlukan data lengkap perubahan lahan 6 kategori dan karbon
pools : Data terbatas dan tidak konsisten sehingga banyak asumsi
Banyaknya tipe hutan/vegetasi memerlukan lebih banyak studi untuk local
emission/removal factors
Data kebakaran peat (menggunakan studi asing)
Rencana Perbaikan
Dephut : Rekalkulasi 2008 dapat dilakukan setiap tahun dengan memperhatikan
kategori IPCC
Deptan : Perlu data landuse yang akurat untuk setiap komoditi dan menyesuaikan
dengan IPCC
Special attention untuk lahan gambut (fire dan drainase) dengan IPCC
Special attention untuk lahan gambut (fire dan drainase)