Perpustakaan STAIN Salatiga
llliilliill
0 7 T D 3 0 1 0 8 3 7 . 0 1
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
ON THE USE OF CONJUNCTIONS IN APS SONGS
THESIS
Submitted to the Board o f Examiners as a Partial Fulfillment o f the Requirements for the Degree o f Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I)
in the English Department o f Education Faculty State Institute for Islamic Studies (STAIN) Salatiga
NIM. 113 03 031
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FACULTY
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES (STAIN)
SALATIGA
DECLARATION
In the name of Allah The Most Gracious and The Most Merciful.
Hereby the writer fully declares that this thesis is made by the writer her
self, and it is not containing materials written or has been published by other
people, and other people's ideas except the information from the references.
The writer capable account for this thesis if in the future this thesis can be
proved of containing others' ideas or in fact the writer imitates the others' thesis.
Likewise, the declaration is made by the writer and the writer hopes that
this declaration can be understood.
Salatiga, Augst 10th 2007 Reseacrher
IIS TARW IY ATI NIM. 113 03 031
Dra. Woro Retnaningsih, M.Pd The Lecturer o f Education Faculty State Islamic Studies Institute o f Salatiga
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTES
Case : lis Tarwiyati’ s Thesis Salatiga, Agustus 22th , 2007
Dear
The Head of State Islamic
Studies Institute of Salatiga
Assalamu 'alaikum Wr. Wb.
After reading and correcting lis Tarwiyati’s thesis entitled “A DESCRIPTIVE
STUDY
ON THE USE OF CONJUNCTIONS IN ATS SONGS”,
I havedecided and would like to propose that if it could be accepted by the education
faculty, I hope it would be examined as soon as possible.
Wassalamu ’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Consultant
Dra. Woro Retnaningsih. M.Pd NIP. 150 262 646
Jl. Stadion 03 Phone (0298) 323706 Salatiga 50721
STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
ON THE USE OF CONJUNCTIONS IN AI’S SONGS
t
IIS TARWIYATI NIM. 113 03 031
Has been brought to the board of examiners in October 1st, 2007/Ramadhan 19th 1428 H to completely fulfill the requirement of the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) in English and Education Department.
Salatiga, Ramadhan 19th, 1428 H October 1st, 2007 M Board Examiners
Consultant
Dra. Woro Retnaningsih. M.Pd NIP. 150 262 646
MOTTO
Be Yourself
The thesis is dedicated to :
1. My dearest parent, my father (aim. Noto) and special for my mother (Uwuh)
who had given me advice, guidance, support and a prayer.
2. My dearest sister (Istiyani and Siti Nuijanah)
3. My beloved boy (Mas Ery) who always give me support, advice and attention
4. My best friend (Novia and Endah) who always help and support me
5. My best friend in boarding house (Retno and mbak Rosita) who had given me
motivation
6. All of my friends in English Department ’03
7. All of my friends in PPL ’06
ABSTRACT
The title of this thesis is “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE USE CONJUNCTION IN AI’S SONGS”. The problem had begun to interest the researcher since she found that lyric of AEs songs was not easy to be understood, especially to the student who are still studying English. The problem that were studied in the thesis are : 1) What conjunctions are used in AEs songs? 2) What are the significant meanings of conjunction in AEs songs? 3) What are the messages conveyed in AEs songs lyrics by using those conjunctions? In accordance to the problem, the thesis discussed about : 1) To identify the use of conjunctions in AEs songs, 2) To find out or to know the meanings of conjunction in AEs songs, 3) To reveal the messages conveyed in AEs songs using conjunctions.
The research is intended to be a descriptive study, and the writer uses documentation as the way to collect the data. Documentation, in this case is the text of AEs songs cassette the writer takes 10 (ten) songs from the second album (The A List) which is published in 2000. The tittle of the songs are : Take On Me, Same Old Brand New You, No More, One More Try, The Things We Never Did, Nothing But Trouble, Tomorrow, She Doesn’t See Me, I Wonder Why and I’ll Take The Tears. The goal is merely to describe the problems that had been stated before.
From the analysis, it can be concluded that there are two types of conjunction. Those are coordinating conjunction and subordinating conjunction. The next is the meaning of AEs songs by those conjunctions and the message conveyed in AEs songs almost all of them are about the living of the song author with love.
Alhamdulillahirobbil ’alamin, in the name of Allah the Lord of the
universe, because of Him the writer could complete this thesis as one of the
requirements of getting “Sarjana Pendidikan Islam (S.Pd.I) in English Department
of Educational Faculty of State Islamic Institute (STAIN) of Salatiga in 2007.
However, this success would not be achieved without support, guidance,
and encouragement from individuals and institutions, therefore let her to say
thanks to :
*
1. Drs. Imam Sutomo, M.Ag, as the head of State Islamic Studies Institute
(STAIN) of Salatiga.
2. Dra Woro Retnaningsih, M.Pd., as the consultant who was educated directed
and given the writer advices, suggestion and recommendation for this thesis
from beginning until to the end.
3. Hanung Triyoko, SS, M.Hum, as the head of English Educational Faculty,
thanks for guidance, kindness and brainstorming.
4. Ruwandi, S.Pd. M.A. thanks for your great attention, motivation guidance and
advice.
5. Mr. Sa’adi, Mr. Hammam, Mr. Norwanto, Mr. Ari Setiawan, Mrs. Setya Rini,
and whole lecturer in English Department, thanks for your guidance.
6. The main staff of library who have given services dealing with reading and
borrowing reference books.
8. All of my best friends in English Department ’03: Novia, Endah, Kuni, Nurul,
and others. Thanks for your supporting.
9. All of my friends in KKN 2007 Nunik, Imsi, Deqi’, Marsono, Ja’al and
Istiqomah, thanks for your motivation.
TITLE PAGE ... i
DEKLARASI... ii
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR NOTES ... iii
CERTIFICATION PAGE... iv
MOTTO... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ABSTRACT... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ... x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1
B. The Research Problem ... 3
C. The Objective of the Study ... 3
D. The Limitation of the Study ... 3
E. Review of Related Literature... 4
F. The Theoretical Frame W ork... 5
G. The Benefit of the Study ... 5
H. The Methodology of Research... 6
I. Thesis Organization ... 7
A. Theoretical Review of Conjunction ... 8
1. Definition of Conjunction ... 8
2. Types of Conjunction... 8
3. The Meaning of Conjunctions... 14
4. The Using of Conjunctions in Sentence... 21
B. The Differences Between Conjunction and Preposition in Sentence... 24
1. Conjunction... 24
2. Preposition ... 24
CHAPTER III THE BIOGRAPHY OF AI CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS A. Conjunction Used in ATs songs... 28
B. Data Analysis ... 34
C. The Message Conveyed in AI’s songs... 45
CHAPTER V CLOSURE A. Conclusion ... 48
B. Suggestion... 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CURICULUM VITAE
APPENDIX
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Background of the Study
Language is one of the most important thing for human being, it is as a
means of communication. To survive the life, people have to build
communication with each other. As a mean of communication, language is used
to share ideas, knowledge, and feeling in written or spoken form, in formal or
informal situation. Human being as a social and individual person always
communicate with each other. In communication people use language as medium.
According to Pit Corder, language is thus seen as part of human psychology in
particular sort of behavior, the behavior which has as its principal function that of
communication.1
Language plays an important rule in every aspect of human life such as :
technology, sciences, economics and arts. There is branch of art, namely songs.
The songs have special things. It have imaginative quality and specific
characteristic of the language use such as denotation, connotation, and symbols.
Besides, to writes a song needs structure of sentence such as : tenses, preposition,
article, conjunction and others. Every word in the song has the power of meaning
to person through its rhythm, to get trick and suggestion.
’Corder Pit, Introducing Applied Linguistic, Penguin Books, New York, 1982, page 23
2
English songs are used to express human feelings. It is necessary for
listener especially Indonesia people to comprehend the content of the song. Now,
there are many young people or teenagers who like to collect English song
cassettes in order to improve their English.
A l’s songs have many popular songs such as Take on Me, Same Old
Brand New You, No More, The Things We Never Did, Nothing But Trouble, etc.
Conjunction can be difficult and confuse to interpret for general readers mainly
conjunction used in A l’s songs. For example :
You and me
We sit and talk o f friendship then I ask
I f you can see
I f we could be together, forever
I see the light die in your eyes
Coz you ’re cared you ’ll hurd
So you don ’t want to try
After reading the text, the listeners usually do not know what is the topic
of the text. They are unable to understand the sentences that they read or listen to.
In the song, there are many messages. The language used in literary work has
been specific language used in orderly communication. The style in the literary
language is to express maximum idea. Song and music parts of this world of
sound and art based on the organization of sounds in time. From the phenomena
songs. Here the writer carries out a research entitled : A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
ON THE USE OF CONJUNCTIONS IN A l’S SONGS.
B. The Research Problem
1. What conjunctions are used in Al ’s songs ?
2. What are the significant meanings of conjunction in Al ’s songs ?
3. What are the messages conveyed in A l’s songs lyrics by using those
conjunctions ?
C. The Objective of the Study
1. To identity the use of conjunction in Al ’s songs.
2. To find out or to know the meaning of conjunction in Al ’s songs.
3. To reveal the message conveyed in A l’s songs using those conjunctions.
D. The Limitation of the Study
In English song, there are many interesting problems that can be analyzed
and discussed. It is impossible to analyze all of them and this thesis is limited to
the following things.
1. This research was limited by the writer on analyzing the conjunction used by
A l’s songs
2. This research was limited on the second album of A l’s songs, especially ten
E. Review of Related Literature
In this thesis, the writer takes review of related literature from the other
thesis. As comparison the writer uses the other thesis and the title is “A
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE USE PREPOSITIONS IN BLUE’S SONGS”,2
which have been researched by Siti Aminah in 2004. The student of State Islamic
Studies Institute (STAIN) of Salatiga. In this thesis, she analyzed about
preposition, according to her, the are many preposition combinations (14%),
preposition based on the data analysis (38%).
The second review related to this research and the title is “A
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE USE OF COLLOQUIAL STYLE IN
ENGLISH SONGS”.3 Which have been researched by Endriana Sri Wahyuni in
2002-2003, the student of State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) of Salatiga. In
this thesis, she analyzed about colloquial style. According to her, the language
style used in English songs is colloquial style which discusses about non standard
English which is now recognized as normal and interesting variety of English.
The third review related to this research and the title is “A DESCRIPTIVE
STUDY ON FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN CELINE DION’S
SONGS”4 which have been researched by Mochamat in 2006 the student of State
2 Siti Aminah, A Descriptive Study on the Use Prepositions in Blue’s Songs, unpublished thesis, Salatiga, 2004
J Endriana Sri Wahyuni, A Descriptive Study on the Use o f Colloquial Style in English Songs,
Unpublished thesis, Salatiga, 2002
4 Mochamat, A Descriptive Study on Figurative Language Used in Celine Dion’s Songs,
Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) of Salatiga. In this thesis, he analyzed about
figurative language style. According to him, the language style used in Weslife’s
songs is figurative style based on simile, metaphor, personification and
metonymy, apostrophe and hyperbole.
F. The Theoretical Frame Work
According to Marcella Frank, the conjunctions are member of a small class that have no characteristics form.5 It joins the units of part of speech,
phrases and clause most conjunctions are historically derived from other part of speech, particularly from preposition. According to Thomson and Martinet, conjunction can join clause or sentences and are then often know as “conjunction”.6 It joins words, phrases and clauses. It can be used in other ways
and sometimes as other parts of speech.
G. The Benefit of the Study
The writer hope it has benefits to :
1. Theoretically, the student will add finding of learning English structure. So the other student research will use it as one of literature reviews in their
linguistic study to find out some other aspect of there song.
2. Practically, this study can contribute in the science of linguistic especially in giving description about the use of conjunctions in A l’s songs.
5 Marcella Frank, Modern English A Practical Reference Guide, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, page 206
6
3. It can increase our knowledge in English structure especially using
conjunctions in A l’s songs.
H. The Methodology of Research
1. The Method Research
In this study the writer uses library research. According to Mestika
Zed, library research is the study that used library sources to get the
information. Actually this research limits the activity only on the matter of
* 7
library collection without doing field research.
2. The Method of Collecting Data
In this study the writer applies documentation as the way to collect the
data. Suharsimi Arikunto states that, documentation is the study that is done to
obtain the information in record, picture, sound, etc. documentation in this
case is the text of A l’s songs.
The technique of collecting the data are as follows:
a. The writer selected the album from all of A l’s album
b. The writer selected the song from second album
c. The writer read all of the lyrics of those songs
d. The writer selected conjunctions belonging to Al ’s song
3. The Method of Analyzing Data
The writer uses descriptive analysis technique to analyze the use of
conjunction in AI’s songs.
The technique procedures of analyzing the data are as follows :
a. Collecting all of the albums by A1
b. Reading the text of the song
c. Identifying the types of conjunction
d. Analyzing the sentences which had conjunction
e. Describing the message of some lyrics
I. Thesis Organization
Chapter I, is the introduction which contains the background of the study, statement of the problem, the objective of the study, limitation of the study, review of related literature, the theoretical framework, the benefit of the study, the
methodology of the research and thesis organization.
Chapter II the review of related literature contains definition of
conjunction, types of conjunctions, meaning of conjunction, the using of conjunctions in sentence and the differences between conjunction and preposition
Chapter III is the biography of A1
Chapter IV is data analysis which contains the conjunction used in A l’s songs, data analysis, the message conveyed in A l’s songs.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Theoretical Review of Conjunction
1. Definition of Conjunction
The term conjunction comes from two Latin words : “con”, which
means “together” and “jungere” which means “j o i n A conjunction joins
things together. John E Warriner in “English Grammar and Composition”
says that the conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.1
According to Marcella Frank in “Modern English” most conjunctions are
historically derived from other parts of speech particularly from
prepositions.2 3 Arthur in “Spoken English” says that a conjunction is join
words, phrases and clauses.0
From definition above, a conjunction is a word that joins words,
phrases, clauses and derive from other parts of speech, like preposition. It
is very important used to write story, poem, song etc. There are many
conjunctions that we know in English language such as conjunctions are
usually used :
1 Warriner E. John, English Grammar and Composition First Course, Harcourt Brace, Jo Vanovich, New York, 1977, page 68
2 Marcella Frank, Modern English A Practical Reference Guide, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1972, page 206
3 Melville Clark Arthur, Spoken English an Idiomatic Grammar fo r Foreign Students,
Fourth Edition, Oliver and Boyd, London, 1958, page 158
And Not only - but also Since
But Not only - but - as well as That
Yet Both - and Till/until
Or Although/though When
For As Whenever
So Because While, etc.
Either-or Before
Neither-nor If
2. Types of Conjunction
Conjunctions are divided into two classes :
a. Coordinating conjunction
Coordinating conjunction joins sentences of equal rank, or it
joins words that stand in the same relation to some other word in the
sentences :
He was working and his sister was sleeping.
(Here, ‘and’ joins two sentences, ’’He was working’ and ’His
sister was sleeping’, and they are of equal rank).
Ram and Shyam came.
(Here, ‘and’ joins ‘Ram’ and ‘Shyam'\ and both these words
have the same relation with “came”)4
10
The chief coordinating conjunctions are : and, but, for, or, nor,
also either... or, neither... nor.3 Rachmat Taufiq in “Belajar Mudah
Bahasa Inggris” says that coordinating conjunctions consists of : and,
but, yet, or, for, either or, neither nor, both and not only but also or not
only but as well.5 6
Coordinating conjunctions maybe subdivided into five classes :
1) Cumulative : these conjunction simply add one statement to
another
It includes : and, both... and, also, too, as well as, no less than, not
only... but also, etc.
Example : Take this and leave the rest.
2) Alternative : These conjunctions offer a choice between one
statement and another
It includes : either... or, neither ... nor, or, otherwise, else.
Example : She must sweep, or she will die.
3) Adversative : These conjunctions help to contrast one statement
with another.
It includes : But, yet, still, however, nevertheless, though, whereas,
which, on the other hand, one the contrary.
Example : You may fin d him, yet you may not.
5 Wren and Martin, High School English Grammar and Composition. Schand and Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1995, page 128
4) Illative : these conjunctions help to infer one statement from
another
It includes : Therefore, on that account, hence, consequently,
accordingly, so, etc.
Example : You are young, therefore, do not lose heart.
5) Explanatory : These conjunctions help to explain more clearly one
statement by means of another
It includes : namely, that is, as, for example, say, let us say, that is
to say, etc.
Example : I know many varieties as red, black, pink.7
b. Subordinating Conjunction
Subordinating conjunction joins a clause to another on which
depends for its full meaning.
The chief subordinating conjunctions are : after, because, if,
that, though, although, till/until, before, unless, as, when, where, while
Example : I read the paper because it interests me.
The sentence contains two statements or clauses one of which,
‘because it interest me’, is dependent on the other. Hence the
conjunction introducing the dependent or subordinate clause.
Subordinating conjunctions maybe classified according to their
meaning, as follows
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1) Time
In includes : before, since, after and till
Example : l would die before 1 lied.
I returned home after he had gone.
Many things have happened since I saw you, etc.
2) Cause or reason
It includes : because, since, as
Example : My strength is as the strength o f ten, because my
heart is pure.
Since you wish, it shall be done.
As he was not there, I spoke to his brother.
He may enter, as he is a friend.
3) Purpose
It includes : that and lest
Example : We eat that we may live.
We held my hand lest I should fall.
4) Result or consequence
It includes : that
Example : He was so tired that he could scarcely stand.
5) Cossesion
It includes : though, although
Example : Rama will go i f Hari goes.
7) Comparison
It includes : than
o Example : he is stronger than Rustum.
Some conjunctions are used in pairs are called correlatives
conjunctions. Those are : either - or, neither - nor, both - and,.though
yet, whether or, not only - but also.
Conjunction may be also classified according to their form
those are simple, compound and phrasal conjunctions
1) The simple conjunctions are single words used to join grammatical
unit. Oldest conjunctions are in the main the shortest and simplest
ones and, if, but, though, lest, because most of these are derived
from simple on primary prepositions.
Example : Rani has finished and collected her homework.
Andrew is being it, but he looks fine.
2) The compound conjunctions have formed by combining two or
more words into compounds, “because, although, unless, and
nevertheless” are compounds conjunctions because they have been
formed by combining two or more words
14
Example: Although Madonna is beautiful, many people are
impressed on her.
Because he is bad, I do not want to love him.
3) The phrasal conjunctions are those connectives that are made up of
two or more separate words, each group of words serving as a
single grammatical unit to join words on groups of words. “As if,
as though, in case that, in as much as, in order that, provided that,
supposing that, and so that are phrasal conjunction in common use
in standard and literary English.9
Example : She looks at me as i f I were stupid.
In spite o f the rain, we keep going out.
3. The Meaning of Conjunctions
The meaning of conjunctions as follows :
Coordinate conjunction those are :
a. And means to show continuation
It uses to relate :
Noun - noun
Example : Susan and Agnes are my close friends.
Pronoun - pronoun
Example : She and I love to go to the movies.
- Adjective - adjective
Example : He is diligent and clever.
- Verb - verb
Example : Peter sang and danced.10
b. However
It means “but”. It can precede or follow its clause or come after
the first word or phrase.
Example : I will offer it Tom, however, he may not want it on.
c. Otherwise
It means if not/or else
Example : We must be early, otherwise we will not get a seal.
d. So
It means precedes its clause
Example : Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi.
e. Therefore
It can be used instead of ‘so’ in formal English. It can come at
he beginning of the clause or after the first word or phrase, or before
the main verb.
Example : You are not, still you could do something to help him.
f. Still, yet
Those are come at the beginning of the clauses they introduce
still means admitting that yet means in spite of that/all the same.
16
Example : You are not rich, still you could do something to help him.
She was ill, yet she go to campus. ' 1
g- Or
It means to introduce and alternatives. It same with “otherwise"
Example : You may choose this book or that one.
h. For
It means showing the reason
Example : We took a taxi, for it was yet..
i. Both - and
Example : Both Nina and Susi will go to the campus.
j. N either-nor
Example : Neither Tom nor Agnes speak Indonesian.
k. Not only - but also / not only - but - as well
Example : Mrs. Todd not only told the students to do the exercise but
also helped them.
Anne not only speaks carefully but clearly as well.
l. Either - or
Example : Either Tom or Helen must go.
You may either stay or go for a walk.
Subordinate conjunction has classified by single word, two word
conjunctions, conjunctions with three or more words. It has also indicated
the adverbial relationship that each conjunctions expresses :
a. Time
1) After
Example : She never saw him again after he left town.
2) As
Example : As she was leaving the house, the mailman arrived
with a package.
3) Before
Example: She always hat a chat with her neighbor before she
begins her morning chores.
4) Once
Example: once the news about the merger becomes known, the
price o f the company ’s stock will rise sharply.
5) Since
Example : He has been very ill since he had his accident.
6) Till/until
Example : Let’s sit out here till the sun sets.
We will wait inside until the rain stops.
7) When (ever)
Example : We can leave when (ever) you are ready.
8) While
Example: Please watch my baggage while I purchase my train
18
9) Now (that)
Example : Now that we are ready to leave, we must say goodbye
to all our friends.
h. Cause
1) As
Example : They left the party at 11 P.M. as they had to get up
early the next day.
As he was ill, he couldn ’t come.
2) Because
Example : He succeeded because he worked hard.
3) Since
Example : Since we were late, we did not get any food.
4) Where as
Example : Where as I believe her story, I shall help her.
5) In as much as
Example : In as much as no offer has been made to pay for the
damage, our company will have to take this case to court.
6) Now (that)
Example : Now that it has started to rain, the crops will be saved.
c. Contrast
1) Although
Example : Although I love her very much I can not possibly marry
2) Though
Example : She listened to me patiently though she was angry
3) Where as
Example : He was very generous, where as his brother was quite
stingy.
4) Granted (that)
Example : Granted that he was dealt with unjustly, he still should
not have killed the man.
d. Manner
1) As
Example : He always does as he pleases.
2) In that
Example : Both girls are similar in that they love expensive clothe.
3) As if
Example : He looks as i f he is very tired.
4) As though
Example: They are spending money as though there is not
tomorrow.
e. Condition
1) If
Example : I f the temperature drops tonight, the lake will freeze
20
2) Once
Example : Once you have made a mistake, you can not corrective
3) Unless/if not
Example : He never goes to any social function unless his wife can
come with him.
4) Beyond that
Example : I have no complaint about my job beyond that it is
boring.
5) But that
Example : But that he needed money desperately, he would never
have turned to his brother for help.
6) Except
Example : That house is just what we want, except that it is too
expensive.
7) Only that
Example : I have no complaint about the hotel, only that it is dull
here.
8) Provided (that)
Example : We should be able to do the job f o r ,you quickly,
provided (that) you give us all the necessary
9) Save that
Example : The plane would have gone o f f very well, save that one
o f the officials become very greedy.
10) If only
Example : I could get more work done i f only there were not so
much noise.
11) In case
Example : In case you leave the house, please close the windows.
12) Only if
Example : We will manufacture these handbags only i f we can
obtain the right leather.
f. Purpose
1) Lest (negative)
Example : Lest their young son get into further trouble with
police, they decided to send him to a strict military
academy.
2) So (that)
Example : He traveled through half the world so (that) he might
see her once more.
4. The Using of Conjunctions in Sentence
There are some sentence structure that used conjunctions. Those
are compound, complex and compound - complex sentences.
22
a. Compound
Compound sentence is made up of two or more independent
clauses and no adverbial or relative clauses.
The independent clauses in compound sentence are joined by
coordinating conjunction : and, but, for, or, yet, nor, so. It may also be
joined by a semicolon (;). In most case, the semicolon replaces the
coordinating conjunction.
Example :
1) / put the package on the table, and I sat down
That sentence consists o f :
I put the package on the table (independent clause)
But (coordinating conjunction)
I sat down (independent clause)
2) Arthur was late for school; that school bus broke down
That sentence consists o f :
Arthur was late for school (independent clause)
; (semicolon)
that school bus broke down (independent clause)
b. Complex sentence
Complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause. A subordinate clause may be an adjective clause or an adverb clause. Adjective clauses begin with a relative pronoun, 13
13 Richard Bossone D.M., English Proficiency Developing Your Reading and Writing
who, whom whose, which, that. Adverb clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. After, although, because, if, until, when, etc.
Example : When I watch Martha Graham 's dances, I feel like studying
dance
I feel like studying dance (one independent clause)
When I watch Martha Graham's dances (subordinate clause)
c. Compound - complex sentence
A compound - complex sentence is a combination of the
compound sentence and the complex sentence. It has two or more
independent clauses and at least on subordinate clause.
Example : Isabel began painting only two years ago, but she has al
ready been asked to hang one o f her paintings at the art
exhibit that is scheduled for next month.
(Two independent clauses)
Isabel began painting only two years ago, but she has al
ready been asked to hang one o f her paintings at the art
exhibit.
(Subordinate clause)
That is scheduled for next month.14
24
B. The Differences Between Conjunction and Preposition in Sentence
Sometimes, the using of conjunction in sentence is very confuse. There
are some conjunctions that used as preposition. So, the writer try to present the
differences between conjunction and preposition.
1. Conjunction
a. A conjunction simply joins the two part of the sentence
“Take this and give that”
b. A conjunction is never connected with an object
“That was long before Tom came”
2. Preposition
a. Preposition also joins two word but it does more. It govern a noun or pronoun
“He sat beside Rama. He stood behind me”
b. Preposition is connected with an object
“Stand before me”
some time, several words are used in the sentences as conjunction and
sometime as preposition. Look at the following word list
Preposition
Stay ‘till’ Monday
I have not met him ‘since’ Monday He died ‘for’ his country
The dog ran ‘offer’ the cat
Everybody ‘but’ Ganpat was present He stood ‘before’ the painting
Conjunction
We shall stay here ‘till’ you return We shall go ‘since’ you desire it I must stay here, ‘for’ such is my duty We came ‘after’ they had left
He tried ‘but’ did not succeed Look ‘before’ you leap
best selling single and their newest single “Like A Rose”. It sold for gold in just in
short time. The album “Here Were Come” has sold for gold ,that is 10.000 copies
cassettes.
The second album The A List was released in 2000. This album consists of
15 top single hits. Take On Me, Same Old Brand New You, No More, One More
Try, The Things We Never Did, Too Bad Baby, Nothing But Trouble, Tomorrow,
She Doesn’t See Me, Scared, Celebrate Our Love, Living The Dream, I Wonder
Why, I’ll Take The Tears and One In Love. The popular song that got no 1 hits on
radio chart in Singapore. No More has been topping the chart of radio station all
over Singapore too. The video clip of this album was made in Singapore. This
album sold for gold more millions copies of cassette and CD. Because of their
popularity in The A List album, they were crowned “Best New Comer” at the
Brit. Awards 2001.
After the success Here We Come and The A List albums AI released the
third album make it good on the 20th of May 2002. One of the popular hit was
Caught In The Middle. It made it to number is in the U.K. Charts. This album
consists of is hits songs. All songs were written by the lads themselves and several
of the instrument played by them too. Caught in The Middle become the most
played song on French radio for 8 years. AI left the UK soon after that, to “Make
It Good” in the US. The released AI their first American Album on the 25th of
June. It had 7 track which have been previously released or put on album back in
the UK.
After Paul left AI on October the 9th 2002 because personal reasons, Ben
working on individual project which means that we need to take temporary break
from the band and to part company with Sony Music. Ben was making his own
solo demo album at the moment, Mark was writing songs with people at the
moment and Christian has formed a record company in his native land Norway
which was going to be releasing singles from a new Norwegian artist called Maria 27
In this chapter, the data are taken from English song by AI’s especially the
second album such as :
1. Take On Me
2. Same Old Brand New You
3. No More
4. One More Try
5. The Things We Never Did
6. Nothing But Trouble
7. Tomorrow
8. She Doesn’t See Me
9. I Wonder Why
10. I’ll Take The Tears
A. Conjunction used in AI’s Songs
In the chapter II (Review of Related Literature), it has been about the
conjunction. Here the writer wants to identification the type of conjunction its
29
Expression Type of conjunction
TAKE ON ME
I’ll be gone in a day or two Coordinating conjunction (alternative) So, needless to say at adds and ends Coordinating conjunction (cumulative, But I’ll be stumbling away adversative)
Slowly learning that life is ok Subordinating conjunction (result) It’s so much better to be safe than Subordinating conjunction (comparison) sorry
Yeah is it life or just a play Coordinating conjunction (alternative)
SOME OLD BRAND NEW YOU
I can still remember the time you were Subordinating conjunction (time) there when I needed to hold you, feel
you
You said you’d change but I’m afraid Coordinating conjunction (adversative) Can appear to be so real and Coordinating conjunction (cumulative) Yet turn out to be a fantasy Subordinating conjunction (result)
A fool for you (a fool for you) Coordinating and subordinating But I’ve got better things to do than let conjunction (adversative, comparison) you walk all over me
NO MORE
Telling me you’ll walk away Coordinating conjunction (cumulative, But then you go and stay adversative)
You’re calling me day and night Coordinating conjunction (cumulative) Then you always turn around Coordinating conjunction (cumulative) And give him one more try
You expect me to be there Coordinating conjunction (adversative) But we never get nowhere
Expression Type of conjunction
If I’m not what you want. I don’t wanna hear no more
Better make a move or you gonna find I did’nt taken it ‘cos you know it’s wrong
ONE MORE TRY You gave me everything I need And now I’m lost
Could be day and rights so wild
Could be the times I wasn't there and all the nights we didn't share
THE THINGS WE NEVER DID You and me
We sit and talk of friendship then I ask If you can see
If we could be together, forever I see the light die in your eyes ‘Cos you're scared you'll hurt So you don't wanna to try
Well take a chance and come home with me
If you try then at least you'll see You turn to me, I see your eyes and
Subordinating conjunction (condition)
Coordinating conjunction (alternative) Subordinating conjunction (cause or reason)
Coordinating conjunction (cumulative)
Coordinating conjunction (cumulative)
Subordinating conjunction (cause or reason)
Subordinating conjunction (cause or reason)
Coordinating conjunction (illative) Coordinating conjunction (cumulative)
31
Expression Type of conjunction
somehow they cease to shine
You see the light die in my eyes ‘cos I'm scared to lose you
Subordinating conjunction (cause or reason)
NOTHING BUT TROUBLE Funny on how I just give up on my defenses but she's one of a kind
Coordinating conjunction (adversative)
Just a girl that could easily twist your mind but right now it feels so fine
Coordinating conjunction (adversative)
She's nothing but trouble To let her go
Cause somewhere inside of me When I look in her eyes
It's just hard to anyone's advice But somewhere I realize
Coordinating conjunction (adversative) Subordinating conjunction (cause or reason)
Subordinating conjunction (time) Coordinating conjunction (adversative)
TOMORROW You know that when you smile You stop the rain
Subordinating conjunction (time)
And we will be together
Although I'm gone, remember me While I'll here, all I'm thinking about is Used to make me feel so blue
But know I'm with you
Coordinating conjunction (cumulative)
Like the first drop of sun from the sky And I know she's a queen who deserves a king
Expression Type of conjunction
But I'm not a king And she doesn't see me
When she dances, she moves me to a smile
She doesn't see me and the closer I get I can't help but hide
So ashamed of my body and voice There are boundaries we pass in spite of war
But our own, we can't seem to cross So delicate with a glory that the reigns in his life
There are things we can change, if we just choose to fight
But the walls of injustice are high Someone other than me, she doesn't see me
I WONDER WHY
I'm tired of fighting, got a fever when you try to get out
I've tried but I can't understand what all the fuss is about
I wish that I could be the man that you wanted me to be
I try and I try, yet I can't seem to fly
Coordinating conjunction (adversative)
Subordinating conjunction (time)
Coordinating conjunction (cumulative, adversative)
33
Expression Type of conjunction
My soul full of pain when you cry Subordinating conjunction (time)
I wish I was perfect and god knows I Coordinating conjunction (cumulative, try
But everything I do just tears your heart in two
adversative)
Whenever you and I were near Subordinating conjunction (time) Can't you see Coordinating conjunction (cumulative)
I'LL TAKE THE TEAR
. r
I see that you're in love, I know it's not with me
Subordinating conjunction (result)
I know it's not with me, but I don't Coordinating conjunction (adversative) want the truth to haunt my memory
How is it now that I can tell you I love Subordinating conjunction (result) you
So you take the smiles from all of our years, and I'll take the tears
I sit and reminisce of times that we
Coordinating conjunction (illative, cumulative)
Coordinating conjunction (cumulative) once shared
You gave me more than love, but never thought I cared
My feelings were all for you Although it didn't show
Now I realize that you're no longer
Subordinating conjunction (comparison) Coordinating conjunction (adversative) Subordinating conjunction (cossesion)
Subordinating conjunction (result) mine
But I'm hoping that the pain will ease in time
Expression Type of conjunction
Although you're leaving, I won't say Subordinating conjunction (cossesion) goodbye
Because I know you're here with me Subordinating conjunction (cause or
inside reason)
B. Data Analysis
The writer present the most important part of the thesis, namely the
result of data analysis. This analysis based on the text meaning of conjunction.
In this regard, the writer tries to elaborate and illuminate the meaning of
conjunction.
1. The Data (01) entitles “Take On Me”
a. Lyric : I’ll be gone in a day or two
Meaning : Alternative
Reason : or is used to show for choosing two alternatives among
day and two
b. Lyric : So, needless to say at adds and ends, but I’ll be stumbling
away
Meaning : Continuation, contrast
Reason : and is used to relate noun - noun
But to indicate the express positive and negative statement c. Lyric : Slowly learning that life is ok
Meaning : Result
35
d. Lyric : It’s so much better to be safe than sorry
Meaning : Comparison
Reason : than is used to express comparative degree among safe
and sorry.
e. Lyric : Yeah is it life or just a play
Meaning : Alternative
Reason : or to indicate for, choosing life and play in life
2. The Data (02) entitles “Same Old Brand New You”
a. Lyric : I can still remember the time you were there when I
needed to hold you, feel you
Meaning : Time
Reason : When is used to express memory in last time
b. Lyric : You said you’d change but I’m afraid
Meaning : Contrast
Reason : But is used to show positive and negative statement
between you had change and I’m afraid
c. Lyric : Can appear to be so real and yet turn out to be a fantasy
Meaning : Continuation
Reason : It shows to relate sentence - sentence
d. Lyric : I fool for you (a fool for you) but I’ve got better things to
do than let you walk all over me
Meaning : contrast
3. The Data (03) entitles “No More”
a. Lyric : Telling me you’ll walk away but then you go and stay
Meaning : - Contrast
- Continuation
Reason : but is used to show contrasting positive and negative
statements and is used to relate verb - verb
b. Lyric : You’re calling me day and night
Meaning : continuation
Reason : it is used to relate adverb - adverb
c. Lyric : Then you always turn around, and give him one more try
Meaning : continuation
Reason : It is used to relate adverb and adverb
d. Lyric : You expect me to be there, but we never get nowhere
Meaning : contrast
Reason : but is used to express contrasting statement
e. Lyric : No more back and forth, I don’t wanna hear ‘bout him no
more
Meaning : continuation
Reason : and is used to relate back and forth adverb - adverb
f. Lyric : If I’m not what you want. I don’t wanna hear no more
Meaning : condition
37
g. Lyric : Better make a move or you gonna find
Meaning : Alternative
Reason : or shows for choosing two alternatives
h. Lyric : I din’t taken it ‘cos you know it’s time to go
Meaning : cause
Reason : ‘cos, because to show the reason of taken it
4. The Data (04) entitles “One More Try”
a. Lyric : You gave me everything I need and now I’m lost
Meaning : continuation
Reason : and is used to relate sentence - sentence
b. Lyric : And you said this is going nowhere, girl and you said I
turned my back on
Meaning : continuation
Reason : and is used to relate sentence - sentence
c. Lyric : Let’s give it one more chance ‘cos I can’t give you up
Meaning : cause
Reason : ‘cos, because to show the reason
d. Lyric : Could be the days and nights so wild
Meaning : continuation
Reason : and is used to relate adverb - adverb
e. Lyric : Could be the times I wasn't there and all the nights we
Meaning : continuation
Reason : and is used to relate sentence - sentence
5. The Data (05) entitles “The Things We Never Did”
a. Lyric : You and me
Meaning : continuation
Reason : and is used to relate noun - noun
b. Lyric : We sit and talk of friendship then I ask
Meaning : continuation
Reason : and is used to relate verb - verb ,
c. Lyric : I f you can see, i f we could be together
Meaning : condition
Reason : I f is used to show
d. Lyric : I see the light die in your eyes
Meaning : cause
Reason : 'cos, because to show the reason I see the light die in your
eyes
e. Lyric : Well take a chance and come home with me
Meaning : continuation
Reason : and is used to relate verb - verb
f. Lyric : I f you try then at least you'll see
Meaning : condition
39
g. Lyric : You turn to me, I see your eyes and somehow they cease
to shine
Meaning : continuation
Reason : used to relate sentence - sentence
h. Lyric : You see the light die in my eyes, ‘cos I'm scared to lose
you
Meaning : cause
Reason : ‘cos is used to show the reason why you see the light die
in my eyes
6. The Data (06) entitles “Nothing But Trouble”
a. Lyric : Funny on how I just give up on my defenses but she's one
of a kind
Meaning : contrast
Reason : but is used to express contrasting statement
b. Lyric : Just a girl that could easily twist your mind but right now
it feels so fine
Meaning : result, contrast
Reason : that is used to explain noun clause
But is used to express contrasting
c. Lyric : She's nothing but trouble
Meaning : contrast
d. Lyric : To let her go cause somewhere inside of me
Meaning : cause or result
Reason : cause is used to show a reason to letting her go
e. Lyric : It’s just hard to take anyone’s advice but someone I realize
Meaning : contrast
Reason : but is used to show contrasting statement
7. The Data (07) entitles “Tomorrow”
a. Lyric : You know that when you smile
Meaning : result
Reason : that is used to explain you know
b. Lyric : You stop the rain and we will be together
Meaning : continuation
Reason : and is used to relate sentence - sentence
c. Lyric : Although I'm gone, remember me
Meaning : contrast
Reason : Although is used to indicate forgotten
d. Lyric : While I'm here, all I'm thinking about is
Meaning : time
Reason : while to show the situation I’m here
e. Lyric : Used to make me feel so blue but now I'm with you
Meaning : contrast
41
8. The Data (08) entitles “She Doesn’t See Me”
a. Lyric : When she passes me by, she's a ray of light
Meaning : time
Reason : when is used to indicate the situation during the time
b. Lyric : Like the first drop of sun from the sky and I know she's a
queen who deserves a king
Meaning : continuation
Reason : and is used to relate sentence - sentence
c. Lyric : But I'm not a king and she doesn't see me
Meaning : contrast, continuation
Reason : but is show impossibility
And is used to relate sentence - sentence
d. Lyric : When she dances, she moves me to a smile
Meaning : time
Reason : when is used to indicate the time she dance
e. Lyric : She doesn't see me and the closer I get I can't help but hide
Meaning : continuation, contrast
Reason : and is used to relate sentence - sentence
But is used to show contrasting statement between help
and hide
f. Lyric : So ashamed of my body and voice
Meaning : continuation
g. Lyric : So delicate with a glory that reigns in his life
Meaning : result
Reason : that to explain noun clause
h. Lyric : There are things we can change, i f we just choose to fight
but the walls of injustice are high
Meaning : condition, contrast
Reason : i f to indicate the condition to do change
but is used to express the stressing the condition we just
choose to fight
i. Lyric : Someone other than me, she doesn't see me
Meaning : comparison
Reason : than is used to show comparative degree between
someone other and me
9. The Data (09) entitles “I Wonder Why”
a. Lyric : I'm tired of fighting, got a fever when you try to get out
Meaning : time
Reason : when is used to indicate the situation when you try to get out
b. Lyric : I've tried but I can't understand what all the fuss is about
Meaning : contrast
Reason : but is used for showing contrasting between tried and
understand
43
yet is used to express contrasting statement
: My soul full of pain when you cry
: time
: when is used to show the condition when you cry
: I wish I was perfect and god knows I try, hut everything I
do just tears your heart in two
: continuation, contrast
: and is used to indicate sentence - sentence
but is used to show contrasting statement
: Whenever you and I were near
: time, continuation
: whenever to express the situation you and I wear near can
you see
and is used to relate pronoun - pronoun
entitles “I'll Take The Tears”
: I see that you're in love
: result
b. Lyric
but is used to show contrasting statement How is it now that I can tell you I love you result
that to express saying love
How is it only now that it's too late
result
that to explain the late situation
What can I do, the love that we had is tom in two result
that to explain the love
So you take the smiles from all of our years and I'll take
the tears
continuation
used to relate sentence - sentence
I sit and reminisce of times that we once shared continuation
and is used to relate verb-verb
that is used to show purpose
45
Reason : than is used to express comparative degree among
something more and love
but is used to express positive and negative statement i. Lyric : My feelings were all for you although it didn't show
Meaning : cossesion
Reason : although to show the feeling that didn’t show
j. Lyric : Now I realize that you're no longer mine Meaning : purpose
Reason : that express the hoping of the pain will ease the time k. Lyric : But I'm hoping that the pain will ease in time
Meaning : purpose
Reason : that express the hoping of the pain will ease the time
1. Lyric : Although you're leaving, I won't say goodbye Meaning : cossesion
Reason : although is used for showing leave taking through say
goodbye
m. Lyric : Because I know, you're here with me inside
Meaning : cause
Reason : because is used to express the reason I know
C. The Message Conveyed in AI's Songs
After analyzed about the types of conjunction and the meaning of
conjunction, here the writer wants to rise up the messages conveyed in AI's
The writer finds the messages that are conveyed in AI's songs as
follows :
1. Take On Me
The song author wants to express his optimistic. The indicator lyric
are I'll be coming for your love ok, slowly learning that life is ok, I'll be
coming for you anyway.
2. Same Old Brand New You
The singer wants to express his disappointment. The indication
lyrics are you're never never gonna your promises, you break your
promises in two.
3. No More
The song author wants to express the wisdom of his love to
someone that has another partner again. The indicator lyrics are if you're
sure that you really love me. I don't wanna hear about him no more. If I'm
not what you want. I don't wanna hear no more.
4. One More Try
The singer wants to express the hoping of love. The indicator lyrics
are please give it one more try for the sake of our love, let's give it one
more chance ‘cos I can't give you up, I can't live one more day without you
47
5. The Things We Never Did
The song author wants to express his sadness. The indicator lyrics
are I'm scarred to lose you, I see the light die in your eyes, you're scared
you'll hurt.
6. Nothing But Trouble
The singer wants to tell his problem. The indicator lyrics are
Everyone says I'm playing a game with fine, I'm searching for reason.
7. Tomorrow
The song author wants to express his heart in believing someone.
The indicator lyric are to reach the sun where I belong, and we will be
together once again, please be strong I'll never leave.
8. She Doesn’t See Me
The singer want to express the injustice of life. The indicator lyrics
are when the passes me by, she's ray of light, if we just choose to fight but
the walls of injustice of light.
9. I Wonder Why
The song author want to express the tiredness in his soul. The
indicator lyrics are I'm tired of fighting, my soul full of pain when you cry.
10. I’ll Take The Tears
The singer want to express his anxious. The indicator lyrics are
maybe I won't remember the words I have not heard, but I don't want the
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the AI's songs, the writer got the types of conjunction
are used in their songs. Those are coordinating conjunction and subordinating
conjunction. Coordinating conjunction joins sentences of equal rank, or it
joins words that stand in the same relation to some other word in the sentences
such as and, but, for, or etc. It also maybe subdivided into five classes :
cumulative, alternative, adversative, illative and explanatory. Subordinating
conjunction joins a clause to another on which depends for its full meaning
such as after, if, that, though, although, because, etc. It maybe classified
according to their meaning, as follow time, cause or reason, purpose, result or
consequence, cossesion, condition and comparison.
The next point that was got by writer is the significant meaning of AI's
songs by using those conjunctions. Those are "and" shows continuation,
"however" means but, "otherwise" means if not, "or" means alternative, "for"
showing the reason. Time such as after, as, before, when, since, etc. Cause
such as because, where as, since, as etc. contrast such as, although, though,
where as, granted (that). Manner such as, "as, in that, as if and as though"
condition such as "if, once, unless/if not, beyond that, but that, etc. purpose
such as lest (negative), so (that).
49
The last point is the message conveyed in AI's songs by using those
conjunction. Those are almost all of them songs are about the living of the
song author with love. The way of love full of with sadness, disappointment,
problem, tiredness, anxious, hoping, etc. it same with a way of human life.
B. Suggestion
Having studied the song, the written would like to propose some
suggestion. The writer hopes that suggestion will be beneficial. The
suggestion are as follow : .
1. For the readers
As the readers can understand the conjunction is useful to guide
them in making true sentences.
2. For the following researchers
The writer hopes that there are other researchers who will analyze
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Name
Bom
Address
Education
: Iis Tarwiyati
: Magelang, 19 May 1985
: Surojoyo I RT 05/RW 02 Candimulyo Magelang
: - SD Negeri I Surojoyo 1997
- MTs Ma’arif Candimulyo 2000
- MA Negeri I Magelang 2003
DATA PRESENTATION
Take on Me
Talking away, I don’t know what I’m to say I’ll say it any way
Today’s another day to find you
Shine away, I’ll be coming for your love ok
Chorus
Take on me (take on me) Take me on (take on me) I’ll be gone in a day or two
So, needless to say at adds and ends But I’ll be stumbling away
Slowly learning that life is ok Say after me
It’s so much better to be safe than sorry
Chorus
I’ll be gone in a day or two
Instrumental
O, things that you say Yeah is it life or just a play My worries away,
You’re all the things I’ve got to remember You shine a way, I’ll be coming for you anyway
Chorus
Take on me (Take on me) Take me on (Take on me) I’ll be gone in a day or two ...
Repeat chorus Take on me Take on me
Same Old Brand New You
I can still remember the time you were there when I needed to Hold you, feel you
Every time I ask you to find a new way You lie a new way
You said you’d change but I’m afraid It’s something I won’t live to see It seem so strange
That sometimes fate
Can appear to be so real and Yet turn out to be a fantasy
Bridge
Some old line, one more time, Say you’re gonna be, there for me Say you’ll change, change your ways Never gonna keep your promises
Same old game, (You know it doesn’t turn me on) Brand new day (You’re singing that same old song)
No more lies (If you don’t wanna find me gone gone gone gone)
Chorus
Another night, another day, What can I say,
You’re still the same old brand new you You break your promises in two
What can I do,
When you’re the same old brand new you You’ll change you’ll never change
You’re never never gonna keep your Promises
Because of you, I guess we’re through Is this the way it has to be
I’ve been a fool (I’ve been a fool) A fool for you (a fool for you)
Promises
No More
You say you’re gonna work it out, Then you say you’re having doubts Telling me you’ll walk away But then you go and stay
You’re calling me day and night, Saying he don’t treat you right Then you always turn around, And give him one more try
Pre-chorus
Baby you know it isn’t fair You expect me to be there But we never get nowhere
Chorus
I got on foot out the door, I don’t wanna hear ‘bout him no more I’ll make a long story short
Time to make up your mind girl
No more back and forth, I don’t wanna hear ‘bout him no more If I’m not what you want. I don’t wanna hear no more
Stop telling me you need more time, Tired of the same old line
Better make a move or you gonna find, I din’t taken it ‘Cos you know it’s wrong
You’re movin on
Baby you don’t know how close I am to being gone
Repet pre-chorus
Chorus
I don’t wanna hear no more
If you’re sure that you really love me I don’t wanna hear no more
Out the door if you still don’t know I been there for you
And you know it’s true You belong with me What you gonna do
One More Try
Could be your eyes, Could be your smile
Could be the way you freed my mind, Your precious touch caressed my soul You gave me everything I need And now I’m lost
Lost forever
Lost forever
And you said this is going nowhere, girl And you said I turned my back on You said I’m not the only one for you
Please give it one more try for sake of our love
Let’s give it one more chance ‘cos I can’t give you up I can’t live one more day you in my arms
