THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNI NG (CTL ) WITH MULT IME DIA B ASED ON
COMPUTER TO IMPROVE COMMUNICATIVE AND INCREASE STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT IN
H Y D R O C A R B O N T O PI C
B y :
Ervi Luthfi Sheila Wanni Lubis Reg. Number : 4103332003 Chemistry Education Study Program
THESIS
Submitted to Fullfill the Requirement for Getting the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
FACULTY of MATHEMATICS and NATURAL SCIENCES STATE UNIVERSITY of MEDAN
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The greatest praise and thankfulness to the almighty God, Allah SWT for
his gracious and blessing who always provide health, spirit, strenght and
everything to the writer in finishing this thesis welll and accordance to the
planning time. and prophet Muhammad SAW.
This thesis with title “ The Implementation of Contextual Teaching and Learning with Multimedia Based on Computer to Grow Communicative and Increase Student Achievement and in Hydrocarbon Topic” has been arranged to obtain of Sarjana Pendidikan in Department of Chemistry,Faculty of Mathematic
and Natural Science, State University of Medan.
In this opportunity, I would like to express the great appreciation to
Prof.Dr. Ramlan Silaban, M.Si nad also (the late) Prof. Dr. Suharta, M.Si, as my
thesis supervisor that gives so many guidance and suggestion to prepare this
thesis and Prof. Drs. Manihar Situmorang, M.Sc., Ph.D., Dr. Ajat Sudrajat, M.Si.,
and Drs. Jamalum Purba,M.Si as the thesis examiners for their
advices,suggestion, guidance, comment and correction for completing this thesis.
and Also to Eddyanto Ph.D as the writer’s academic supervisor. And also to Prof. Dr. Ramlan Silaban, M,Si, Dr. Retno Dwi Suyanti M.Si and
Drs Jamalum Purba, M.Si as validator of research instrument.
I also says thanks to Prof. Drs. Motlan, M.Sc., Ph.D., as the dean faculty of
Mathematic and Natural Science, State University of Medan, then
Prof. Dr. Herbert Sipahutar, M.S., and Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Binari Manurung, M.Si as
head of Bilingual Program. And also to Dr. Iis Siti Jahro, M.Si as the secretary of
Bilingual Program.
I gratitude also thanks to principal of SMAN 1 Sunggal, Drs. Ramli Siregar,
principal of MAS PAB, M.Si. Drs. H.M. Fauzi, MA, principal of SMAN 16,
v
R Pardede S. Pd, M.Si and Elvi Syafrini M.pd who has given their helping,
motivation and support to finish this research.
The deepest and special gratitude, appreciation and love to my beloved
dedicated to my Opung Rambe (the late) that always wants be the first go to my
Graduation day.
And special thanks also goes to my best friend, Nurul (ndut,that crazy of
food), Shanty (santo, my most dilligent friend), Ika (tonenk, my rival for
handsome korean idol/actor), fredika (mbak fred, my friend that most stubborn)
and Nia (nia rahmania, my kindness friend) that accompany me during in
university, always with me trough in happy time and sad time during be a student
and that give me surprise in my birthday that never forgeted. Also would like say thanks for all my classmate in Bilingual Chemistry ’10 Ilmi (offer of PHP), Rudi (the stranger’s friend in class), Cici ( the older one in class), Andre (best couple in class), Debby (the most kreak in class), Dewi, Ferry, Mora, Lina (Funniest’friend), Indra (the best labil komting), Rayhan (religious girl), Nike (that always share korean drama to me) , Nitta, Yogi (the smartest boy in class),
Yasir (the best boy in class) and Rabiah, that make me feel what is true classmate
and there no more crazy than hanging out with all of you guys.
And special thanks for my friend in rest house jln M. Yakub no 130,
Shofiyah (that always grepe2 me in our room), Tari (the sensual girl if she
dancing) and Ari (most crazy if she disturb abang malaysia in font of our kos) and
Melisa (the best style sleep time and sensasional) that give me support and
discussion to finishing this thesis. Also to my thesis team, Fenny and Anggi that
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And the last for Jannah (most wises friend in kos gang jambu) and Nadiroh (the
smooth girl in old kos) for their kindness in early years in university and
accompany me from PAMB until now. And say thanks to my friends in PPLT
SMAN 2 Kisaran Shelly, Kiki, Kartika, Uli, Sartika, Rofi, Tri, Dian, Elfan and
Eska that accompany in during become real teacher and give me unforgettable
moment. .
Finally, I say thanks to all my video in laptop (music video, film and
drama), music video of India, Super Junior (especially Kyuhyun), EXO
(especially Kriss and Luhan), Infinite (especially Hoya and Woo Young) and
another korean Boyband that make my brain refresh after watching them and
accompany me in doing my thesis until early morning.
The writer hope this thesis would be useful for everyone who like to explore
more about about learning method and learning media that suitable to learn
hidrocarbon and another subject in chemistry.
Medan, Juli 2014
Writer
Ervi Luthfi Sheila Wanni Lubis
vii
1.7 Operational Defenition 6
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Learning and Learning Outcomes 8
2.1.2 Learning outcomes 10
2.2 Character Education 11
2.2.1 Communicative 12
2.3 Contextual Teaching and Learning 15
viii
2.4 Direct Instruction 17
2.5 Media and Multimedia 19
2.5.1 Classification of Media 20
2.5.2 Multimedia 20
3.1 Research Location and Research Object 37
ix
CHAPTER IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 50
x
4.4.2 Homogenity Test 59
4.4.2.1 Student’s Character 60
4.4.2.2 Student’sAchievement 60
4.4.3 Hypothesis Test 60
4.4.3.1 Hypothesis Test 1 61
4.4.3.2 Hypothesis Test 2 61
4.4.4 Increasing Student’s Achievement 62
4.4.5 Effectiveness of Student’s Achievement 63
4.5. Discussion 63
CHAPTER V . CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 66
5.1 Conclusion 66
5.2 Suggestion 67
xi
LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1 Population of Research 37
Table 3.2 Sample of Resesarch 38
Table 3.3 Design of Research 39
Table 3.4 Categorized of Content Validity 45
Table 4.1 Description of CTL in Hydrocarbon 52
Table 4.2 Summary of Analysis of Instrument Test 55
Table 4.3 Student’s Character (communicative) 56
Table 4.4 Result of Experiment Class 57
Table 4.5 Result of Control Class 57
Table 4.6 Result Data of Gain 58
Table 4.7 Normality Data of Student’s Character. 59
Table 4.8 Normality Test of Student’s Character 59
Table 4.9 Homogenity Test of Student’s Character 60
Table 4.10 Homogenity Test of Student’s Achievement 60
Table 4.11 Hypothesis Test of Student’s Achievement 61
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Dale’s cone of Experiment 19
Figure 2.2 Classification of Hydrocarbon 22
Figure 2.3 Molecule of Alkanes 24
Figure 2.4 Molecule of Alkenes 27
Figure 3.1 Overview of Research on student’s Achievement 42
Figure 3.2 Overview of Research on student’s Character 43
xiii
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1 Silabus 70
Appendix 2 Lesson Plan Experiment class 76
Appendix 3 Lesson Plan Control Class 86
Appendix 4 Test Categories 95
Appendix 5 Observation Sheet 107
Appendix 6 Media for Research 117
Appendix 7 Instrument Test Hasil Belajar 128
Appendix 8 Key Answer 133
Appendix 9 Validity Test 134
Appendix 10 Reability Test 138
Appendix 11 Difficulty Test 139
Appendix 12 Discrimination Index 141
Appendix 13 Distructor Index 143
Appendix 14 Data of Student’s Achievement 145
Appendix 15 Observation of Student’s Character 151
Appendix 16 Normality Test 171
Appendix 17 Homogenity Test 179
Appendix 18 Hypothesis Test 181
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Background
Based on Undang Undang of Republic of Indonesia, number 20 in 2003
about National Education System, Learning is a process of interaction with
teacher and student and learning resources in a learning environment. And in
Undang Undang about education system defined that National education serves to
develop skills and form the character and civilization of dignity in the context of
the intellectual life of the nation, aimed at developing students' potentials in order
to become a man of faith and fear of God Almighty, noble, healthy,
knowledgeable, skilled, creative, independent , and become citizens of a
democratic and accountable. Therefore, the national education should function
optimally as a key vehicle in nation-building and character. Because if citizen of
Indonesia has good character, future of Indonesia will be more good.character is
related strenght to character moral, so if student has good character they will be
good moral. Character education in applying in school for improvement character
of student.
Curriculum 2013 focused on the goal to encourage learners or students,
better able to make observations, ask questions, reasoning, and communicating
(present) what they earn after receiving the subject matter. The curriculum has
also objects more emphasis on natural phenomena, social, cultural and arts.
National education serves to develop and form the character and civilization of
dignity in the context of the intellectual life of the nation (Republic law number
20 of 2003 on National Education System). Based on the functions and objectives
of the national education curriculum development must be rooted in the national
culture, national life today, and the life of the nation in the foreseeable future.
From above explanation, educational system goals and curriculum 2013 education
2
for improvement character, improvement moral for build good citizenship.
Character and moral is related.
Chemistry is a difficult subject. That is the asumption of chemistry, that
is two factor that influence to difficulty chemistry on school. First factor is
assume of student that chemistry is difficult, second factor is strategy learning
using of teacher is not suitable or make student difficult for understanding the
subject matter. Learning strategy involve about model, method and media. Some
school have difficult for preparing media learning and make teacher difficult for
doing variation in learning. Exactly its make student’s interest and help student
for studying about chemistry.
The impact of less learning media create monoton learning and not
interest for student and make student not have motivation for studying chemistry.
This problem make writer interest for applying one variation of strategy learning,
that is learning model and computer media . Contextual Teaching and Learning
(CTL) that help teacher relate the content to be studied and encourage student to
make connection between the knowledge possessed by the application in
everyday life. CTL model is a type of learning model that better applying to
student. Because with this model student will understand nature phenomena
related to chemistry subject to help students see meaning in the academic material
they are learning by linking academic subjects in the context of their daily lives.
In this type of learning model students will be motivated and want to know why that phenomena’s occurs. this model will make curiosity of student more higher to chemistry matter, will learn about what occurs in around of them.
Contextual teaching and learning (CTL) applying chemistry to real thing in
around of us. Student will can conduct chemistry to their real life, so it will more
understand because not just imagine, not assume that all chemistry is abstract
matter.
Now, we are in technologically era. Computer technology or internet is
3
especially computer/ laptop or internet. Computer technology can we use for a lot
of activitity like make easy to doing a job. If we connect to internet, we can know
anything in the world. Can searching about what we want. Student can studying
in internet and internet also make people more nearly with social network. Based
on the function of computer, computer also can use for make teaching process
more easy. Computer-based instructional media that is able to present real subject,
as we know Chemistry is abstract matter. We learning about knowledge in around
of us that cant we see directly. Chemistry learning science in more little aspect
like atom, substance and compound and its cant we see with our eyes .With
computer we can presenting that subject with real picture or real video. Student
not just imagine what they learning but they can see in media computer what they
will learning. And with computer make learning process is more effectively time,
slide ppt in computer will make learning process is more interest and make time
of learning process is effective than in blackboard/ whiteboard. Searching learning
material that support our permoncance in class and present in the class. Teaching
process not monoton, because presenting video, slide or another one make student
more interest than just listening teacher in front of class.
Hydrocarbon is chemistry topic in even semester taught in X grade.
Hydrocarbon is about alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, grouping of hydrocarbon
based on aromatic and aliphatic, saturated and unsaturated, isomer and reaction,
and uses of hydrocarbon in daily life. Many application of Hydrocarbon in our
daily life. With contextual learning conduct chemistry to real life, so student
required to memorize and understand many concept because student know
directly in real world.
Based on above explain Researcher will do modification appropriate with
chemistry subject. In senior high school class XI found standard competence
appropriate with contextual teaching learning (CTL) model that is understanding
about hydrocarbon . Much student not understanding and not know chemical
substance make researcher interest to choose materi about acid base as sub materi
4
Chemistry is abstract matter will understand by student will use modern
technology that are computer, with computer wee can see materi of chemistry by
picture, video or slide which we cant see with our eyes directly. Chemistry as
difficult subject matter will understand by student with use learning model (CTL),
with CTL student will understand nature phenomena or daily incident connected
to knowledge and be democration because they working together in their group
for solve problem.
Based on above research, the researcher is interested to conduct research
with title “The Implementation of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) with Multimedia Based on Computer to Grow Communicative and Increase Student’s Achievement in Hydrocarbon Topic .”
1.2 Problem Identification
Based on above background, problem identification of this research as follow :
1) Chemistry is difficult subject for student.
2) Hydrocarbon is subject matter which learning about concept and memo
rising that bored for student.
3) Learning model and learning media are still less aplication in school
4) Student achievement influence by learning model and learning media
5) So far, learning proces centered on teacher so student’s character not
grow because student just listening.
1.3 Scope of Research
Based on the identification of problem above, this study is limited only see student’s learning outcomes in hydrocarbon chemistry topic. That taught in class X grade senior high school in even semester at academic year 2013/2014 in
SMAN 1 Sunggal, SMAN 16 Medan and MAS PAB 1. Learning will doing by
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1.4 Problem Statement
Using make contextual teaching learning (CTL) model have some
problem such as:
1) Is student achievement taught with contextual teaching and learning (
CTL) is better than student achievement taught with direct instruction in
hydrocarbon?
2) Is growth character of comunicative in learning with contextual teaching
and learning (CTL) is better than learning with direct intruction?
3) How many effectivity of student’s achievement taught by Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) compare than student’s achievement taught by Direct Instruction?
1.5 Research Objective Objective of this research are :
1) To increase student achievement taught with contextual teaching and
learning ( CTL) is better than student achievement taught with direct
instruction in hydrocarbon topic
2) To growth characteric of comunicative in learning with contextual
teaching and learning (CTL) is better than learning with direct intruction.
6
1.6 Benefit of Research The benefit of this research:
1) For student, learning model with model in research hopely can help
student understanding about chemistry subject specially in hydrocarbon
and with use this media and learning model can increase student
achievement in this materi include cognitive, psicomotoric and affective
domain.
2) For teacher, the result of this research can give information about the
effectiveness of using media and learning model that can use as alternatif
learning for help student to increase student achievement.
3) For other reseracher, the result of this research can give contribution to
same problem or as refferences in same research with different topic.
1.7. Operational Defenition
1) CTL is a cornerstone philosophy is a philosophy of learning contructivism
emphasize that learning is not just memorize, but recontruction or build
new knowledge and skills through the facts or propositions which they
experience in life. Contextual learning or contextual teaching and learning
(CTL) is a concept which helps teachers learn to associate the learning
material with real-world situations students and encourage students to
make connections between the knowledge possessed by its application in
daily life. students' knowledge and skills obtained from the students
construct their own knowledge and new skills when he studied.
2) Multimedia technology is one of the new technologies in the world of
computers that have excess to make a more complete study media .
multimedia contains various media in one making it easier for teachers to
present material. students feel involved in the learning process is
7
Atlantic University , Florida defines multimedia ascombination of various
media ; texts , graphics , animation , images and video .
3) Character education consists of two words, namely education and
character. Education is a lifelong process and the embodiment of
self-formation intact in terms of the development of all potential in order to
meet all mankind as a commitment individual, social, and as being God
(Siswoyo, 2007). From the definition it can be concluded that education Is
forming themselves fully conducted by educators to learners. According to
the language, the characters are nature or habit, while according to
psychologists, the character is a belief systems and habits directing the
actions of an individual (Alicia, 2008). According Soemarno, character is
the actualization of the potential and internalization of moral values from
outside be a part of his personality. of two definition of a character can be
66
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1. CONCLUSION
Based on the above result, can conclude that :
1. Student’s achievement taught by contextual teaching and learning
(CTL) is significant better than student achievement taught by Direct
Instruction with sig of hypothesis is 0.000, its means Ha is accepted
and Ho is rejected
2. Grow of comunicative’s student in learning taught by contextual
teaching and learning (CTL) is significant better than learning taught
by Direct Instruction with sig of hypothesis is 0.000, its means Ha is
accepted and Ho is rejected.
3. The effectivity of student’s achievement taught by contextual teaching
and learning (CTL) with multimedia based on computer is 22.53 %
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5.2. SUGGESTION
Based on descussion and conclusion above researcher can suggest :
1) For teacher and teacher’s candidate, the result of this research can give
information about method for applying as alternative method of character
education in hydrocarbon or another subject in class to increasing
student’s achievement and grow student’s character (especially in
communicative)
2) For students other reseracher, that will be doing research can using this research as comprehend increasing students’s achievement and student’s
character especially in hydrocarbon topic. And can variate this method
ii
BIOGRAPHY
Ervi Luthfi Sheila Wanni Lubis was born in Medan, Desember 10th 1991. Father’s
name is Drs. Marwan Lubis and Mother’s name is Dra. Mega Erni Siregar. The
writer is first child of three sibling. In 1997, the writer entered in TK SKB Bt.
Angkola and graduated in 1998. In 1998 the writer continued in SD 146934
Padang Nauli Bt, Angkola and graduated in 2004. In 2004 continued in SMP
Negeri 1 Bt.Angkola and graduated in 2007. In 2007 entered in SMAN 1 Bt.
Angkola and graduated in 2010. In 2010, the writer accepted in Bilingual
Chemistry Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science,
State University of Medan and graduated in 2014. During the academic program,
