ANALYSIS ETHYL ESTER IN BIODIESEL OF RAW MATERIAL
WASTE COCONUT OIL AND ARAK
I Wayan Bandem Adnyana1), Ni Made Suaniti 2)
1)
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University, Badung 80361.
2)
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of mathematic and Sciences, Udayana University, Badung 80361.
e-mail: bandem.aiwa@yahoo.com
Abstract
Arak is alcoholic beverages are only allowed to contain ethanol, but unfortunate if misused its use so that the wine can be used as a substitute of reactant in the manufacture of biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of the ethyl ester is formed in product of biodiesel. The methode used cooking oils by households and the level of wine as a reactant in the process of esterification and transesterification using phosphoric acid. Analysis ethyl esters in biodiesel by GC-MS that the results showed ethyl laurate the maximum produced (39.55%) at a retention time of 12.741 minutes by ethanol p.a in the process of biodiesel and ethyl myristate each 36.33%; 48,09%; 32,62%; and 39,62% at retention time 15.008 minutes using arak destillated one, twice, and three times.
Keywords: level of wine, ethyl ester, biodiesel
INTRODUCTION
Arak as one of the drinks in Bali, production was still in level of households with traditional distillation. Arak is obtained from coconut and palm trees that plants richness Indonesia which allows it to be processed to meet the energy for transportation (biodiesel). Arak of palm and coconut are produced by the domestic industry could reach 30 to 50% [4] depending on the habits and way of distillation performed. Enau ethanol content in wine varies greatly depending on the customs processing or process.
Product biodiesel derived renewable because the reactants and reagents derived from plants, namely oil. Because wine grapes are used then the ethanol processing into biodiesel is referred to as ethyl ester, or more commonly called Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester (my face). This was stated in a national energy policy (Instruction No. 1/2006 and Presidential Decree No. 5/2006). Oils derived from plants such as sunflower and waste, canola, soybean, olive, corn and hazelnuts using methanol and hydrochloric acid catalyst there was no significant difference in the biodiesel produced [3]. The use of used cooking oil and ethanol pa with GC-MS, the maximum qualitative ethyl ethyl lauric Other [5, 2].
Based on this, the research is directed at the establishment of the percentage of each ethyl esters in biodiesel made of vegetables with varied concentrations of the wine.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Ethyl ester (FAEE) formed in biodiesel from waste cooking oil with ethanol than ethanol from wine obtained using phosphoric acid catalyst in varying results with m/z 88 for specific fragment in FAEE. Acid can be used the catalyst to make biodiesel [1,5]. The use of ethanol is obtained ethyl laurate pro analyzes the maximum (39.55%) at a retention time of 12.741 minutes. The same results have been obtained only appear at longer retention time is 16.52 minutes [6], this means that the analysis time ethyl laurate affected by operational conditions GC-MS. Detection of the next ester compound is ethyl myristate (retention time 15.008 minutes) and stearate (retention time 18.953 minutes) respectively 19.31%, then ethyl palmitate (retention time 17.068 minutes) 10.84%, and other esters with a percentage of less than 10%. However, the use of wine as a reagent (substitute ethanol pa) ethyl myristate produce the maximum (36.33%) as shown in Figure 1 (a). Reagent wine distilled one time as shown (48,09%) in Figure 1 (b), wine distillated twice times (32,62%) as shown in Figure 1 (c), as well as the total chromatogram biodiesel using a reagent ethanol, arak, arak distillation first time, wine distilled twice times, and the arak distilled three times (39,62%) as in Figure 1 (d).
Figure 1. Percentage of Ethyl Ester in biodiesel with varies ethanol level (a) Ethanol p.a and arak; (b) Ethanol, arak, and Arak destilated one time; (c) ethanol p.a, arak, arak destillated one, twice times;
dan (d) etanol p.a, arak, arak destillated one, twice, and three times.
FAEE with m/z 88 fit or continuation of previous studies that the FAME for using methanol appeared at m/z 74 and 87 are specific, it is submitted in the National Engineering Hospitality Conference 2014 and has not shown a determining effect of type of ester of the engine [7,9]. Alleged ionic compounds with m/z 88 in FAEE are formed in this study is -+ C-COOC2H5 as ethyl carboxylate, that all biodiesel from waste cooking oil with ethanol varies
(64.61%); and Arak distilled three times (79.32%) in before studying by Adnyana and Suaniti. This study supported that use waste cooking oil as biodiesel feedstock using an acid catalyst can be formed biodiesel without significant differences of the various types of oil such as sunflower oil and waste, soybean oil, and others. Analysis biodiesel from different oils have been worked on chromatographic and reviewed [3,8].
One form of mass chromatogram spektrometry ethyl laurate according Entry 131. 473 Wiley7.LIB library with a mass 260 and the base peak (m/z) 88 as shown in Figure 2. The other name is dodecanoate acid, ethyl ester (CAS) Ethyl Laurate with molecular formula Me(CH2)10C(O)OEt and the formula C14H28O2 CAS 106-32-2, the molecular weight of 228.
other allegations according Entry 164.499 Library Wiley7 LIB by any other name is tetradecanoate acid, ethyl ester (CAS) Ethyl myristate with molecular formula Me(CH2)12C(O)OEt and the formula C16H32O2 CAS 124-06-1, molecular weight of 256.
CONCLUSIONS
Ethyl ester in biodiesel has made from waste coconut oil and ethanol p.a.; arak; arak has destilled one, twice, and three times. The results showed that ethanol p.a. formed maximum of ethyl laurate (39.55%) at a retention time of 12.741 minutes, ethyl myristate (retention time 15.008 minutes) and stearate (retention time 18.953 minutes) respectively were 19.31%, then ethyl palmitate (retention time 17.068 minutes) was 10.84%, and other esters with a percentage of less than 10%. The next analysis showed that arak and detillated one, twice, and three times showed maximum of ethyl myristate produce the maximum, each 36.33%; 48,09%; 32,62%; and 39,62%.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to the Rector of Udayana University through LPPM Chairman replied as the person in accordance with the letter of Research Activities Assignment Agreement Implementation PNBP Research Fund (Grant-seeded Udayana) Fiscal Year 2015 No. 246-323 /UN14.2/PNL 01-03-00 / 2015 for all the facilities provided. 246-323 /UN14.2/PNL 01-03-00/2015.
Fragment specific of FAEE biodiesel
Fragment specific of FAEE biodiesel
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