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x i .

H I S G N I N A I N R U K I N U

Y The In lfuence o f the Society toward Maria’ s s

o h l e o C n i n e e S t n e m p o l e v e D r e t c a r a h

C Eleven Minutes . Yogyaka tra :

a t a n a S , s r e tt e L f o y tl u c a F , s r e tt e L h s il g n E f o t n e m tr a p e

D Dharma Universtiy ,

. 3 1 0 2 , a tr a k a y g o Y

s i s e h t s i h

T analyzesPauloCoelho’ snove lenit ltedElevenMinutes .Thewrtie r a ir a M . l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t , a ir a M f o t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c e h t s e s s u c s i d

e h t f o e s u a c e b g n i g n a h c r e t c a r a h c e h t s e c n e ir e p x

e in lfuenceoft hes ociety.

e h t s i m e l b o r p t s ri f e h T . s n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e e r h t e r a e r e h t ,s i s e h t s i h t n I

s i d n o c e s e h T . l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t s a a ir a M f o r e t c a r a h

c thedesc irpitono f

s e it e i c o s e h

t .The las t i sthe in lfuence o fthe society toward Ma ira’ scharacte r .t

n e m p o l e v e d

s i h t f o a t a d y r a m ir p e h T . a t a d e h t n i a g o t h c r a e s e r y r a r b il s e s u y d u t s s i h T

d e lt it n e l e v o n s ’ o h l e o C o l u a P s i h c r a e s e

r ElevenMinutes .Theotherr eference saret he e

m o s o s l a d n a l e v o n s i h t t u o b a y d u t s s u o i v e r

p theo ire s o f characte r and

m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t d n a , y t e i c o s f o y r o e h t , n o it a z ir e t c a r a h

c ent .This t hesi s

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u approach to analyze the characte ro fMa ira ,the society ,and the d

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i thecharacter . e c n e u lf n i e h t s d n if y d u t s e h

T o f the society toward Maira’s characte r ,

y lt s ri F . t n e m p o l e v e

d the wrtier if s nd Ma ira’ scharacte r i sinnocen t and highl y d

e t a v it o

m tha tha san unreailsitcdream .Ma iradoe sno tbeileve i n rtuelovebecause n

i e r u li a f r e h f

o relaitonship .He rhumdrum l fie i n he rhometown also becomes t he y

h w n o s a e

r shedesries t ol eavehert ownt o anothe rplace .A tfe r ifnishinghe rschoo l e h t n I . ti s t p e c c a y lr e g a e e h s , y rt n u o c r e h t o n a n i k r o w o t y ti n u tr o p p o e h t s t e g e h s

ir a M , li z a r B m o r f t n e r e ff i d y r e v s i h c i h w y t e i c o s r e h t

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a nrtysotha tatt heendi tcauses characte rdevelopmenttoward Ma ira . eT h ,

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l thewrtier dif s n outt hat t he socieites i nSwtizelrand give a signi ifcanti nlfuence ti

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e p x e r e h g n i s s a p r e tf A . c it s il a e r e r o m s e m o c e b a ir a M t a h

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x . H I S G N I N A I N R U K I N U

Y The In lfuence o f the Society toward Maria’ s s o h l e o C n i n e e S t n e m p o l e v e D r e t c a r a h

C Eleven Minutes .Yogyaka tra :Jurusan S s a tl u k a F , s ir g g n I a rt s a

S asrta ,Universtia sSanataDharma ,2013.

s a h a b m e m i n i i s p ir k

S Nove lkarya Paulo Coelho yang be jrudu lEleven s e t u n i

M .Penuil smendiskusikanperkembangankarakte rMa irasebagai t okohutama h e l o n a k b a b e s i d g n a y k a t a w n a h a b u r e p i m a l a g n e m a ir a M . l e v o n m a l a

d pengaruh

.l a i s o s n a g n u k g n il a m a tr e p n a h a l a s a m r e P . h a l a s a m n a s u m u r a g it t a p a d r e t i n i i d u t s m a l a D s a h a b m e

m perwatakan Ma ira sebaga itokoh utama dalam nove ltersebut .Kedua k s i d h a l a d

a irps i mengena i ilngkungan sosial . Terakhi r mengena i pengaruh n

u k g n

il gan sosia l terhadap pekembangan karake r terhadap tokoh dalam certia .t u b e s r e t a t a d n a k t a p a d n e m k u t n u a k a t s u p i d u t s e d o t e m n a k a n u g g n e m i n i i d u t

S -data

l u d u jr e b g n a y o h l e o C o l u a P a y r a k l e v o n h a l a d a a y n a m a t u a t a D . n a k u lr e p i d g n a y .s e t u n i M n e v e l

E Referensi-referesi l ainnya adalah stud iyang t elah ada sebelumnya g n a t n e t i s n e r e f e r n a k a n u g g n e m a g u j s il u n e p , u ti n i a l e S . t u b e s r e t l e v o n i a n e g n e m i r o e

t perwatakan ,ilngkungan sosial ,dan perkembangan karakter .Dalam sk irpsi i ni , e m k u t n u s il a m r o f n a t a k e d n e p n a k a n u g g n e m s il u n e

p nganailsa karakter , ilngkungan a r e k n a g n a b m e k r e p n a d , l a i s o

s kternya.

r e t k a r a k n a g n a b m e k r e p p a d a h r e t n a g n u k g n il h u r a g n r e p n a k u m e n e m i n i i d u t S n a d u g u l h a l a d a a ir a M k it s ir e t k a r a k n a k u m e n e m s il u n e p , a m a tr e P . g n a r o e s e s k a d it g n a y n a n i g n i e k n a g n e d s u i s i b m

a reailsits .Kegagalannya dalam menjailn i k a l n a m e t a p a r e b e b n a g n e d a r a m s a n a g n u b u

h -lakinya juga membua tdia itdak a i d , a y n a t o k i d n a k n a s o b m e m g n a y n a p u d i h e k a n e r a K . it a j e s a t n i c n a k a a y a c r e p l o k e s n a k i a s e l e y n e m h a l e t e S . n i a l a t o k e k i g r e p k u t n u n a n i g n i e k r e

b ahnya ,dia

i D . a y n a m ir e n e m n u p a i d n a d , ir e g e n r a u l i d a jr e k e b k u t n u n a t a p m e s e k n a k t a p a d n e m k a y n a b n a k t a p a d n e m a ir a M , li z a r B i r a d a d e b r e b t a g n a s g n a y l a i s o s n a n u k g n il i d a j n e m g n a y h a l u ti a y n l a i s o s n a g n u k g n il a y n ri h k a a d a p a g g n i h e s n a m a l a g n e p p a m a t u r o t k a

f erkembangankarakter .Dengan demikian ,penuil smenemukanbahwa p a d a h r e t n a k if i n g i s g n a y h u r a g n e p i r e b m e m d n a lr e z ti w S i d l a i s o s n a n u k g n il i s u b ir t n o k r e b d n a lr e z ti w S i d l a i s o s n a g n u k g n il , g n u s g n a l k a d it a r a c e S . g n a r o e s e s r a M . g n a r o e s e s k a t a w n a k u t n e b m e p m a l a

d ia sebagai t okoh utama berubah menjad i a d a p a y a c r e p i d a j n e m a ir a M , tr a H f l a R n a g n e d a y n n a u m e tr e p i r a D . a s a w e d h i b e l h a l e t e S . s it s il a e r h i b e l i d a j n e m a ir a M h a l a d a n i a l g n a y n a g n a b m e k r e P . it a j e s a t n i c n a m a l a g n e p i t a w e l e

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ii i v E

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(12)

x i .

H I S G N I N A I N R U K I N U

Y The In lfuence o f the Society toward Maria’ s s

o h l e o C n i n e e S t n e m p o l e v e D r e t c a r a h

C Eleven Minutes . Yogyaka tra :

a t a n a S , s r e tt e L f o y tl u c a F , s r e tt e L h s il g n E f o t n e m tr a p e

D Dharma Universtiy ,

. 3 1 0 2 , a tr a k a y g o Y

s i s e h t s i h

T analyzesPauloCoelho’ snove lenit ltedElevenMinutes .Thewrtie r a ir a M . l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t , a ir a M f o t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c e h t s e s s u c s i d

e h t f o e s u a c e b g n i g n a h c r e t c a r a h c e h t s e c n e ir e p x

e in lfuenceoft hes ociety.

e h t s i m e l b o r p t s ri f e h T . s n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e e r h t e r a e r e h t ,s i s e h t s i h t n I

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r ElevenMinutes .Theotherr eference saret he e

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r a w o t y t e i c o s e h t f o e c n e u lf n

i thecharacter .

e c n e u lf n i e h t s d n if y d u t s e h

T o f the society toward Maira’s characte r ,

y lt s ri F . t n e m p o l e v e

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e t a v it o

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ir a M , li z a r B m o r f t n e r e ff i d y r e v s i h c i h w y t e i c o s r e h t

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t s a

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m o r F . e r u t a m e r o m s e m o c e b r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h T . y ti l a n o s r e p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i p a h s

s i t n e m p o l e v e d r e h t o n A . e v o l e u rt n i s e v e il e b o s l a a ir a M , tr a H f l a R h ti w g n it e e m r e h

e p x e r e h g n i s s a p r e tf A . c it s il a e r e r o m s e m o c e b a ir a M t a h

t irence t o reach happiness ,

(13)

x . H I S G N I N A I N R U K I N U

Y The In lfuence o f the Society toward Maria’ s s o h l e o C n i n e e S t n e m p o l e v e D r e t c a r a h

C Eleven Minutes .Yogyaka tra :Jurusan S s a tl u k a F , s ir g g n I a rt s a

S asrta ,Universtia sSanataDharma ,2013.

s a h a b m e m i n i i s p ir k

S Nove lkarya Paulo Coelho yang be jrudu lEleven s e t u n i

M .Penuil smendiskusikanperkembangankarakte rMa irasebagai t okohutama h e l o n a k b a b e s i d g n a y k a t a w n a h a b u r e p i m a l a g n e m a ir a M . l e v o n m a l a

d pengaruh

.l a i s o s n a g n u k g n il a m a tr e p n a h a l a s a m r e P . h a l a s a m n a s u m u r a g it t a p a d r e t i n i i d u t s m a l a D s a h a b m e

m perwatakan Ma ira sebaga itokoh utama dalam nove ltersebut .Kedua k s i d h a l a d

a irps i mengena i ilngkungan sosial . Terakhi r mengena i pengaruh n

u k g n

il gan sosia l terhadap pekembangan karake r terhadap tokoh dalam certia .t u b e s r e t a t a d n a k t a p a d n e m k u t n u a k a t s u p i d u t s e d o t e m n a k a n u g g n e m i n i i d u t

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l u d u jr e b g n a y o h l e o C o l u a P a y r a k l e v o n h a l a d a a y n a m a t u a t a D . n a k u lr e p i d g n a y .s e t u n i M n e v e l

E Referensi-referesi l ainnya adalah stud iyang t elah ada sebelumnya g n a t n e t i s n e r e f e r n a k a n u g g n e m a g u j s il u n e p , u ti n i a l e S . t u b e s r e t l e v o n i a n e g n e m i r o e

t perwatakan ,ilngkungan sosial ,dan perkembangan karakter .Dalam sk irpsi i ni , e m k u t n u s il a m r o f n a t a k e d n e p n a k a n u g g n e m s il u n e

p nganailsa karakter , ilngkungan a r e k n a g n a b m e k r e p n a d , l a i s o

s kternya.

r e t k a r a k n a g n a b m e k r e p p a d a h r e t n a g n u k g n il h u r a g n r e p n a k u m e n e m i n i i d u t S n a d u g u l h a l a d a a ir a M k it s ir e t k a r a k n a k u m e n e m s il u n e p , a m a tr e P . g n a r o e s e s k a d it g n a y n a n i g n i e k n a g n e d s u i s i b m

a reailsits .Kegagalannya dalam menjailn i k a l n a m e t a p a r e b e b n a g n e d a r a m s a n a g n u b u

h -lakinya juga membua tdia itdak

a i d , a y n a t o k i d n a k n a s o b m e m g n a y n a p u d i h e k a n e r a K . it a j e s a t n i c n a k a a y a c r e p l o k e s n a k i a s e l e y n e m h a l e t e S . n i a l a t o k e k i g r e p k u t n u n a n i g n i e k r e

b ahnya ,dia

i D . a y n a m ir e n e m n u p a i d n a d , ir e g e n r a u l i d a jr e k e b k u t n u n a t a p m e s e k n a k t a p a d n e m k a y n a b n a k t a p a d n e m a ir a M , li z a r B i r a d a d e b r e b t a g n a s g n a y l a i s o s n a n u k g n il i d a j n e m g n a y h a l u ti a y n l a i s o s n a g n u k g n il a y n ri h k a a d a p a g g n i h e s n a m a l a g n e p p a m a t u r o t k a

f erkembangankarakter .Dengan demikian ,penuil smenemukanbahwa p a d a h r e t n a k if i n g i s g n a y h u r a g n e p i r e b m e m d n a lr e z ti w S i d l a i s o s n a n u k g n il i s u b ir t n o k r e b d n a lr e z ti w S i d l a i s o s n a g n u k g n il , g n u s g n a l k a d it a r a c e S . g n a r o e s e s r a M . g n a r o e s e s k a t a w n a k u t n e b m e p m a l a

d ia sebagai t okoh utama berubah menjad i a d a p a y a c r e p i d a j n e m a ir a M , tr a H f l a R n a g n e d a y n n a u m e tr e p i r a D . a s a w e d h i b e l h a l e t e S . s it s il a e r h i b e l i d a j n e m a ir a M h a l a d a n i a l g n a y n a g n a b m e k r e P . it a j e s a t n i c n a m a l a g n e p i t a w e l e

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s i c i p o t e h t y h w n o s a e r e h t d n a c i p o t e h t f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t t u o b a s n i a l p x e h c i h w

, d e t a l u m r o f s i m e l b o r p e h t w o h s i d n o c e S . g n i y d u t s h tr o w d n a n e s o h

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e h t f o r e d r o e h t n o d e s a b y d u t s e h t f o e v it c e j b o s i d ri h T . s n o it s e u q f o m r o f e h t n i

s m r e t y e k e h t n i a l p x e h c i h w s m r e t f o n o it i n if e d s i t s a l e h T . n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p

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y r o t s e h t t a h t e u l a v l a r o m e h t t u o b a t h g u o h t a o t t h g u o r b e b y a m s r e d a e r , l e v o n e h t

e h t s i s i h T . y r o t s e h t m o r f e g d e l w o n k e h t n r a e l n a c o s l a s r e d a e r e h T . r e v il e d o t s e ir t

s y r o t s e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u f o t l u s e

r ince t he story i n t he novel i s t he representaiton o f

e h t o t e fi l l a e r e h t n i n e p p a h t a h w e s o p x e o t s e ir t l e v o n e h t f o r o h t u a e h T . y ti l a e r

.s r e d a e r

c i s n ir t x e d n a c i s n ir t n i e h t g n i s u y b m e o p a , a m a r d , l e v o n a s e ti r w r o h t u a e h T

t a r e ti l f o k r o w e h t n i s t n e m e l

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s t c e lf e r ti e s u a c e b r e d a e r e h t o t n o it a ri p s n i s e v i g e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w A . d e r u t c u rt s d n a

f o k r o w y r e v e n i s t n e m e l e c i s n ir t n i e h t f o e n o s i r e t c a r a h C . e fi l f o s t c e p s a y n a m

tr e c a s a h r o h t u a n A . e r u t a r e ti

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(15)

n o it p ir c s e d , r e h t o n a y b n e e s s a r e t c a r a h c , n o it p ir c s e d l a n o s r e p g n i s u e l p m a x e r o f

h t o n a f o s n o i n i p o r o s e y e e h t h g u o r h

t er ,pastl fieands oon .

l a e r n a m u h n i n e p p a h o s l a y a m t a h w e k il s t c il f n o c e v a h y a m e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w A

s m e l b o r p e h T . y e n r u o j e fi l a s a h t a h t r e t c a r a h c a e t a rt s u ll i y a m t i ,l e v o n a n i e k i L . e fi l

n i e b n a m u H . t n e r e ff i d e r a s r e t c a r a h c e h t e c a f h c i h w e fi l f

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h g u o h t n e v e c it s ir e t c a r a h c n w o r i e h t s a h e n o y r e v E . r e h t o h c a e e t e l p m o c o t r e d r o n i

. t n e r e ff i d k o o l m e h t s e k a m t a h t g n i h t e m o s e v a h l li t s y e h t ,s n i w t n e v E . s n i w t e r a y e h t

e r e h t s A . g n i k n i h t f o y a w s 'e n o e c n e u lf n i s e c n e r e ff i d e h

T sul tthey have differen t

t u b , c it s ir e t c a r a h c n i a tr e c a h ti w n r o b t o n s a w n o s r e p A . w e i v f o t n i o p d n a e v it c e p s r e p

f o s s e c o r p e h t d a h d n a n r o b e r e w e W . e m it e h t y b d e p o l e v e d d n a w e r g y e h t

t n o d e s a b g n i k n i h t f o y a w r i e h t e v a h e l p o e P . r e t c a r a h c f o t n e m p o l e v e

d hei r

.s e it e i c o s d n a , s d n e ir f , y li m a f m o r f e c n e ir e p x e r i e h t t e g y e h T . e c n e ir e p x e

e l p m a x e r o f e c n e ir e p x e l a n o s r e p e h t f o e s u a c e b p o l e v e d n a c c it s ir e t c a r a h c s 'e n O

e c n e u lf n i y t e i c o s e h t w o H . y t e i c o s e h t h ti w r o e l p o e p r e h t o h ti w n o it c a r e t n i e h t m o r f

a h c e h t o

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e n o m o r f y ti l a n o s r e p e h t f o s e g n a h c e h t s w o h s e H . s r e d a e r e h t o t r e v il e d o t s e ir t

e h t o n a o t y t e i c o

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s ' o h l e o C o l o a

P ElevenMinutes i sa storyabou ta gri lnamedMaria who ilve s

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(16)

f o r e t c a r a h c e h t n o s e s u c o f e H . e c n a r a e p p a d o o g a s a h t a h t r e t c a r a h

c Maria and he r

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j Maria ha sa high ambiiton t o be an acrtess ,she get sa smany

r e h e k a m y a m s k n i h t e h s h c i h w s e c a l p e m o s o t g n i v o m y b e l b i s s o p s a s e c n e ir e p x e

dream scome rtue .Ast her esul,ti tcausest hechangingt owardMa ir 'a scharacter .The

e h t y b d e c n e u lf n i e b n a c r e t c a r a h c s ’ g n i e b n a m u h t a h t s w o h s e fi l r e h n i y t e i c o s

.r e h d n u o r a e l p o e p e h t d n a n o it i d n o c

r e t c a r a h c e h t d r a w o t y t e i c o s e h t f o e c n e u lf n i e h t w o

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d e t a l e R . h c r a e s e r a s a t i e k a m o t r e ti r w e h t s t s e r e t n i o h l e o C o l u a P f o e v it c e p s r e p e h t

s i l e v o n s i h T . h c a o r p p a m s i c it ir c t s il a m r o f s e s u s i s e h t s i h t f o r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s s i h t o t

n i e s u a c e b h c r a e s e r s i h t r o f e l p m a x e e l b a ti u

s Eleven Minute sCoelho present sabou t

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m e l b o r p e e r h t s t n e s e r p r e ti r w e h t , y d u t s e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e h t n o d e s a B

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(17)

t u o d n if o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , d ri h T . l e v o n e h t n i d e t n e s e r p s a s e it e i c o s t n e r e ff i d o w t

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( 1963 :172).

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s w o d n i w e h t f o n o it a c o l e h t s a s t n e m e g n a r r a l a c i s y h p h c u s d n a , y r e n e c s , y h p a r g o p o t

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n o it a t n e s e r p l a i c o s f o y t e ir a v l a m r o f e h t e r u c s b o o t d e d n e t e v a h d r o w e d i s t u

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s i t a h w h ti w y ti r a li m i s s a h Y a k e r a P a s i R y b e n o d s i h c i h w s i s y l a n a d n o c e s e h T

e m a s e h t h ti w s l e v o n t n e r e f fi d o w t e h t s e r a p m o c e h S . r e h c r a e s e r s u o i v e r p e h t y b e n o d

a h t t x e t n o

c ti sMo itvaiton o fthe Main Characte rin Becoming A Prosttiute :A n a m o W s 'i w a d a S l E l a w a N d n a s e t u n i M n e v e l E s ' o h l e o C o l u a P f o y d u t S e v it a r a p m o C

. o r e Z t n i o P t

a Thi sresearch t ired to look fo rthe simlia irite so fthe two dfiferen t t

n e r e f fi d e h t h ti w s l e v o

n backgroundof t he societybecausebasicallyt he t wonovel s .

o o t y t e i c o s t n e r e f fi d e h t m o r f e m a c

i n u y ir T a y s a t s a n A ; s e i d u t s o w t t s ri f e h t m o r f t n e r e f fi d s i h c r a e s e r d ri h t e h T

i n e a r g g n

A t iredt o ifndoutt hei n lfuenceoft hemino rcharacter( Ral fHar)tt owardt he d

e lt it n e s i s e h t e t a u d a r g r e d n u r e h n I . t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c n i a

(21)

o l u a P n i n e e S s a t n e m p o l e v e D r e t c a r a h C s ' a i r a M d r a w o t r e t c a r a h C s 't r a H f l a R

n i M n e v e l E s ' o h l e o

C ute ,ss heanalyzedt heroleoft hemino rcharactert owardMa ira’ s .t

n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c

g n i o g s i y d u t s s i h t s i s e i d u t s s u o i v e r p e h t d n a y d u t s s i h t n e e w t e b e c n e r e f fi d e h T

e h t d r a w o t y t e i c o s f o e c n e u lf n i e h t e z y l a n a o

t m aincharacte rdevelopment .Thiss tudy e h s e r e h w y t e i c o s e h t y b d e p o l e v e d e b n a c r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h r e p e e d e e s o t g n i o g s i

. d e v il

s e i r o e h T d e t a l e R f o w e i v e R . B

e h t r e w s n a o

T problem formulaiton sstated previously ,the wrtie ruse ssome s

e ir o e h

t asf ollow .s

.

1 Theoryo fCharacterandCharacteriza iton

i r e t c a r a h

C n a nove li screated by the autho ra sthe focu so fthe story .E.M k

o o b s i h n i r e t s r o

F Aspect soft heNovel(1974 :30 )saidt hat t hecharactersi nanove l u

b , s l a m i n a e r a s r e t c a r a h c e h t ,s l e v o n e m o s n i h g u o h tl A . n a m u h y ll a u s u e r

a tt heyare

. n a m u h e k il c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t s e s u r o h t u a e h t , e r o f e r e h T . n a m u h e b o t d n e t e r p

6 4 : 4 7 9 1 ( r e t s r o F o t g n i d r o c c

A -48) ,there are two kind so fcharacter , lfa tcharacte r e h T . e c n e t n e s e n o n i d e s s e r p x e e b n a c r e t c a r a h c t a lf e h T . r e t c a r a h c d n u o r d n a

h

c aracte rdoe sno tuse the actua lphrase to show wha tkind o fperson he/she is . t a lf f o e g a t n a v d a e h T . r e t c a r a h c r e h / s i h d e b ir c s e d y d a e rl a s i e c n e t n e s e h t r e v e w o H

(22)

e h w s e y

e never t hey come i n .Therefore, t he readers t hey are easliy remembered by a n i p u d e m m u s e b t o n n a c r e t c a r a h c d n u o r e h t , y r a rt n o c e h t n O . d r a w r e tf a r e d a e r e h t

. y a w e t e l p m o c e r o m a n i d e b ir c s e d e r a s r e t c a r a h c d n u o r , y a s o t g n i n a e M . e s a r h p e l g n i s

e d r e h t o e h

T ifniitonoft hecharacteri sexplainedbyM.H .Abrams inhi sbookA ,s

m r e T y r a r e ti L f o y r a s s o l

G explained tha tthe feeilng sand expe irence so fthe . e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w r e h / s i h n i r o h t u a e h t y b n w o h s s i e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w a n i r e t c a r a h c

e r e h t p l e h l li w s i h

T ade r to understand each characte rfrom conversaiton sand :

s e t a t s s m a r b A . s r o i v a h e b

e r a o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n r o c it a m a r d a n i d e t n e s e r p s n o s r e p e h t e r a s r e t c a r a h C

d n a , l a n o it i s o p s i d , l a r o m h ti w d e w o d n e g n i e b s a r e d a e r y b d e t e r p r e t n i

t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it o m

e are expressed i n what t heysay– the dialogue – and o

d y e h t t a h w y

b – theaciton( Abrams ,1993 :23 .)

k o o b s i h n i s m a r b A H . M o t g n i d r o c c

A AGlossaryo fL tieraryTerm ,sthe r eader scan e h t m o r f e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w a n i d e t n e s e r p s i t a h t n o s r e p a f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t e z y l a n a

o s l a r e t c a r a h c r e h t o o t r e t c a r a h c e n o f o n o it c a r e t n i e h t m o r F . n o it c a e h t d n a e u g o l a i d

u a e h t , e r o f e r e h T . s i e h s r o e h n o s r e p f o d n i k t a h w s e n i m r e t e

d thor smaket hedialogue

d n a s y a s r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h W . fl e s ti r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e d u ti tt a e h t w o h s n o it c a e h t r o

s e z i s a h p m e o s l a n o t n a t S t r e b o R . e d u ti tt a r e h / s i h s w o h s y a m e u g o l a i d a n i s e s s e r p x e

d n w o s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t s i ll a f o e c n e d i v e t n a tr o p m i t s o m e h t t a h

t ialogueand behavio r

e h t f o e c n e u q e s a y l n o t o n s i n o it c a d n a , h c e e p s , e u g o l a i d y r e v E . ) 8 1 : 5 6 9 1 , n o t n a t S (

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k o o b r i e h t n i n i a l p x e o s l a a l o i G a n a D d n a y d e n n e K J .

X An Introduciton to

a m a r D d n a , y r t e o P , n o it c i

F abou tcharacteri nas tory:

h g u o h tl a y r o t s a s ti b a h n i o h w n o s r e p d e n i g a m i n a y l b a m u s e r p s i r e t c a r a h c A n i a m e h t n i y ll a u s u t u B . s n o it a t c e p x e w e f a t i m d a y a m n o it i n if e d e l p m i s t a h t o t s e h t fI . s u o t r a il i m a f e m o c e b s e it il a n o s r e p n a m u h , y r o t s a f o s r e t c a r a h

c ry

y l b a n o s a e r n i s t c a s r e t c a r a h c s ti t a h t d n if y ll a r e n e g e w ” e fi l f o e u rt “ s m e e s n o it a v it o m h ti w m e h t d e d i v o r p r o h t u a e h t t a h t d n a , r e n n a m t n e t s i s n o c ) 0 6 : 8 9 9 1 ( . l a e r e h t n i d n a y r o t s a n i e l p o e p e h t r e h t e h w n o it s e u q e h t r e w s n a n a c s e n il e s o h T m i s e r a d lr o

w lia ro rnot .Accordingt oKennedy,t hosearedfiferent .Peoplei nt her ea l s e k a m t s u j r o h t u a e h T . l e v o n e h t n i d e b ir c s e d r e t c a r a h c e h t m o r f t n e r e f fi d e r a d lr o w . n o it a v it o m h ti w s r e t c a r a h c e h t g n i d i v o r p y b r a li m i s m e h t k o o b s i h n i s n i a l p x e n o t n a t S t r e b o

R An Introduciton to Ficiton the term r a e p p a o h w s l a u d i v i d n i e h t s e t a n g i s e d t i : s y a w o w t n i d e s u y l n o m m o c s i ” r e t c a r a h c “ f o e r u t x i m e h t o t s r e f e r t i d n a ” ? e r e h t e r a r e t c a r a h c y n a m w o H “ n i s a , y r o t s e h t n i a h t s e l p i c n ir p l a r o m d n a , s n o it o m e , s e ri s e d , s t s e r e t n

i t make up each o f these

, l e v o n a n I . ) 7 1 : 5 6 9 1 ( ” ? r e t c a r a h c s i h e b ir c s e d u o y d l u o w w o H “ n i s a , s l a u d i v i d n i l a rt n e c e h T . r e t c a r a h c r o n i m d n a r e t c a r a h c r o j a m ; o w t o t n i d e d i v i d e r a s r e t c a r a h c m e h t s t u p r o h t u a e h t e s u a c e b r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t o t s r e f e r r e t c a r a h

c ain focus i n t he

t I .r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t h g u o rt d n u o f e b n a c y ll a u s u a e d i s ’ r o h t u a e h T . r e t c a r a h c r o j a m n i r e h ti e s e g n a h c e m o s e s u a c s t n e v e e h t y ll a u s u ; y r o t s e h t n i t n e v e y r e v e o t t n a v e l e r s i c e h t s i r e t c a r a h c r o n i m e h T . m i h d r a w o t e d u ti tt a r u o n i r o m i

h haracte rtha tha sa

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r o j a m e h t e c n e u lf n i o t r e d r o n i y r o t s e h t e v o r p m i o t s i r e t c a r a h c r o n i m e h t f o e c n e s e r p

r e t c a r a h c e h t , y r o t s e h t f o d n e e h t t a , e r o f e r e h T . r e t c a r a h

c isitc of t he main characte r

. d e g n a h c e v a h d l u o h s

n i n o m r a H m a il li W d n a n a m l o H h g u

H A Handbook of Ltierature (1986:95) , l e v o n e h t n i s r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h t o s n o s r e p y r a n i g a m i f o n o it a e r c e h t s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c

t , n o m r a H d n a n a m l o H o t g n i d r o c c A . e k il e fi l m e e

s here aret hree basict echnique so f , r o t a r r a n e h t h g u o r h t r e t c a r a h c e h t s n i a l p x e y lt i c il p x e r o h t u a e h t ,t s ri F . n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c

e h t y b t n e m m o c t i c il p x e o n r o e lt ti l h ti w n o it c a n i n o it a t n e s e r p s ’ r e t c a r a h c e h t d n o c e s

w h ti w n o it a t n e s e r p e h t d ri h t d n a , r o h t u

a tihin the characte rwtihou tthe author’ s .r

e t c a r a h c e h t n o t n e m m o c

e h t w o h s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C . y r o t s a n i e l o r t n a tr o p m i n a s a h o s l a n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C

m a il li W d n a n a m l o H h g u H C o t g n i d r o c c A . r e t c a r a h c e h t s e z ir e t c a r a h c r o h t u a

a z ir e t c a r a h c , ) 1 8 : 6 8 9 1 ( n o m r a

H iton i sthe creaiton o fimagery person so tha tthey 1

6 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( y h p r u M J . M . e fi l s a r e d a e r e h t r o f t s i x

e -173) i nUnderstandingUnseens :

t n e d u t S s a e s r e v O r o f l e v o N h s il g n E e h t d n a y r t e o P h s il g n E o t n o it c u d o r t n I n

a state s

e t e d n i s y a w e m o s s a h r o h t u a e h t t a h

t rminingt hecharacter soft henovel .

.

a Persona lDescrip iton

e h T . ) 1 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( ” s e h t o l c d n a e c n a r a e p p a s ’ n o s r e p a e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h T “

r e h , d li u b r e h : e k il s k o o l n o s r e p e h t w o h g n i b ir c s e d y b r e t c a r a h c e h t s y a rt r o p r o h t u a

o s d n a , s d n a h r e h , ri a h r e h , n i k

(25)

.

b Characterass eenbyanother

f o d a e t s n i ,r e h t o n a f o s n o i n i p o d n a s e y e e h t h g u o r h t r e h s e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h T “

” e g a m i d e t c e lf e r a , e r e w t i s a , t e g n a c s r e d a e r e h T . y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c a g n i b ir c s e d

.) 2 6 1 : 2 7 9 1

( The reader smay examine t he characte rfrom t he othe rcharacter’ spoin t .r

e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t t u o b a w e i v f o

.

c Speech

n i n o s r e p e h t f o e n o f o r e t c a r a h c e h t o t n i t h g i s n i n a s r e d a e r e h t s e v i g r o h t u a e h T “

s n o s r e p a r e v e n e h W . s y a s n o s r e p t a h t t a h w h g u o rt k o o b e h

t peaks ,wheneve rshei si n

s u g n i v i g s i e h s , n o i n i p o n a d r a w r o f s t u p e h s r e v e n e h w , r e h t o n a h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c a

e h t f o e n o s i l e v o n e h t n i s y a s r e t c a r a h c e h t t a h W . ) 4 6 1 : 2 7 9 1 ( ” r e t c a r a h c r e h o t s e u l c

.s i e h s r o e h n o s a e r f o d n i k t a h w w o h s o t s y a w s ’ r o h t u a

.

d Pastl fie

s e v i g r o h t u a e h t , e fi l t s a p s ’ n o s r e p a t u o b a g n i h t e m o s n r a e l s r e d a e r e h t g n it t e l y B

n a c s i h T . r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a e p a h s o t d e p l e h e v a h t a h t s t n e v e o t e u l c a s r e d a e r e h t

r e h h g u o r h t s t h g u o h t n o s r e p e h t h g u o h t , r o h t u a e h t y b t n e m m o c t c e ri d y b e n o d e b

. n o s r e p r e h t o n a f o m u i d e m e h t h g u o r h t r o n o it a s r e v n o c

.

e Conversa itono fother

e h t h g u o r h t s r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a o t e u l c s r e d a e r e h t s e v i g o s l a r o h t u a e h T

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d n a e l p o e p r e h t

o the t hingst heysayo tfen givet he r eader sa cluet ot he characte ro f .t

u o b a n e k o p s n o s r e p e h t

.f Reaciton

m e h t g n it t e l y b r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a o t e u l c s r e d a e r e h t s e v i g o s l a r o h t u a e h T

.s t n e v e d n a s n o it a u ti s s u o ir a v o t s t c a e r n o s r e p t a h t w o h w o n k

.

g Direc tcomment

. y lt c e ri d r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p a n o t n e m m o c r o e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h T

.

h Thought

.t u o b a g n i k n i h t s i n o s r e p a t a h w f o e g d e l w o n k t c e ri d s u e v i g n a c r o h t u a e h T

.i Mannerism s

h c i h w s e i s a r c n y s o i d i r o , s ti b a h , s m s ir e n n a m s ’ n o s r e p a e b ir c s e d n a c r o h t u a e h T y a

m alsot el luss omethingabou thi scharacte .r

.

2 LtieratureandSociety

n o t n a t S t r e b o

R in An Introduciton to Ficiton say sthat setitng o fa story i sthe r u c c o y e h t h c i h w n i d lr o w e t a i d e m m i e h t r o , e c a l p e k a t s t n e v e h c i h w t n e m n o ri v n e

(Stanton ,1965:18) .Moreove ,ri nt hel tierarywork ,setitngha sar olea sabackground e h t s i l e v o n e h t f o g n it t e s e h T . g n it t e s l a i c o s r o , e c a l p , e m it s i ti r e h t e h w , y r o t s e h t f o

. ) 1 4 1 : 2 7 9 1 , y h p r u M ( e v il r i e h t t u o e v il s r e t c a r a h c e h t h c i h w t s n i a g a d n u o r g k c a b

s e t a t s y h p r u M , r e v o e r o

(27)

e h T . r e t c a r a h c e h t f o g n i k n i h t f o y a w e h t d n a , s n o it c a e h t , c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t r o f t c e ff a

, d e g n a h c y t e i c o s e h t fI . s e v il r e t c a r a h c e h t h c i h w n i e c a l p e h t d e t a l e r s i e c a l p f o g n it t e s

, s e it il a n o s r e p e h

t acitons ,andt hewayoft hinkingoft hecharacte rwli lbedi fferen.tI f f o e s u a c e b A s s e l r o e r o m e b l li w s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o c it s ir e t c a r a h c e h t , A s i y t e i c o s e h t

.s r e t c a r a h c e h t d n u o r a y t e i c o s e h t f o e c n e u lf n i e h t

y b d e t a t s o s l a s i g n it t e s f o y r o e h t r e h t o n

A Hugh Holman and Wliilam Harmon .

n o it c a e h t h c i h w t s n i a g a d n u o r g k c a b l a u ti ri p s s e m it e m o s d n a l a c i s y h p e h t s i g n it t e S

g n it t e s s f o s t n e m e l e e h T . e c a l p e k a t ) m e o p , y r o t s t r o h s , a m a r d , l e v o n ( e v it a r r a n a f o

: e r

a (1) t he actua lgeographical l ocaitons , tis t opography ,scenery ,and such physica l s n o it a p u c c o e h t ) 2 ( ; m o o r a n i s r o o d d n a s w o d n i w e h t f o n o it a c o l e h t s a t n e m e g n a r r a

n o it c a e h t h c i h w n i d o ir e p n o e m it e h t ) 3 ( ;r e t c a r a h c e h t f o g n i v il f o r e n n a m y li a d d n a

o s a e s r o y r o t s i h n i h c o p e e l p m a x e r o f , e c a l p e k a

t n o f year ; (4 ) the genera l

d n a , l a i c o s , l a r o m , l a t n e m , s u o i g il e r , e l p m a x e r o f , s r e t c a r a h c e h t f o t n e m n o ri v n e

.) 5 6 4 : 6 8 9 1 ( e v o m e v it a r r a n e h t n i e l p o e p e h t h c i h w h g u o r h t n o it i d n o c l a n o it o m e

.

3 CharacterDevelopment

o F M .

E rste rin Aspec to fthe Nove lsay sthat characte rdevelopmen ti sthe i

n n i g e b e h t m o r f r e t c a r a h c e h t f o g n i g n a h

c ngunt lit heendoft hestory .Acharacteri s f

i d e p o l e v e

d she o r he expe irence s a change are some aspec t o f disposiiton , a

s a w e h s a n o s r e p e m a s e h t t o n s i e H . k o o lt u o r o , y ti l a n o s r e

p t t he beginning of t he

d n a n o it i d n o c e h t n o s d n e p e d g n i g n a h c e h T . r e t c a r a h c w e n a o t n i s e g n a h c e H . y r o t s

o F ( y r o t s e h t n i s i ti s a s e c n e ir e p x

(28)

. N . r D d n a r a a L n a V E . s r D m o r f s i t n e m p o l e v e d r e t c a r a h c t u o b a y r o e h t r e h t o n A

n i d r e o w r e d n o o h c

S An Approach to Engilsh L tierature .I tsays tha taciton and d n e e h t t a t a h t o s ,t i e g n a h c y e h t d e r r u c c o g n i v a h , d n a r e t c a r a h c f o t u o g n ir p s t n e d i c n i

e b d l u o h s . e .i d n a , d e p o l e v e d e v a h , d e g n a h c e v a h d l u o h s r e t c a r a h c a l e v o n a f o

o h c S d n a r a a L ( l e v o n e h t f o g n i n n i g e b e h t n i s a w t i t a h w m o r f t n e r e f fi

d onderwoerd ,

.) 1 7 1 : 3 6 9 1

n i e n ir r e P e c n e r u a

L Ltierature :Structure ,Sound ,and Sense states tha tthe e h T . p e t s y b p e t s s e g n a h c t u b , y a w n e d d u s a n i e g n a h c t o n s e o d l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h c

n e i c if f u s e b d l u o h s e g n a h c r e ll a m s h ti w e g n a h c e h t n i g e b t s u m r e t c a r a h

c ltymoitvated

t u o h ti w y l n e d d u s o s s c it s ir e t c a r a h c r e h r o s i h s e g n a h c t o n n a c e n O . s e c n a t s m u c ri c y b

, e n ir r e P ( s e g n a h c e h t f o n o s a e r d n a e m it y lt n e i c if f u s w o ll o f t s u m t i t u b , s n o s a e r y n a

.) 1 7 : 4 7 9 1

.

C Theore itca lFramework

e h t s i y d u t s s i h t f o s u c o f e h

T developmen toft he maincharacter .Somet heo ire s r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t e h T . s i s y l a n a e h t r o f l u f e s u y r e v s i e r o f e b d e n o it n e m e r a h c i h w

r e t c a r a h c e h t f o g n i d n a t s r e d n u e h t t u o b a n i a l p x e o t r e ti r w e h t p l e h c it s ir e t c a r a h c d n a

T . l e v o n e h t n i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c d n

a hose t heo ire swli lbe t he basic understanding t o .

n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p t s ri f e h t r e w s n a

. d e il p p a o s l a e r a s e it e i c o s d n a e r u t a r e ti l o t d e t a l e r s e ir o e h t e m o

S There are t wo

m o r f s e c r u o

(29)

e h t t u o b a n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p d n o c e s e z y l a n a o t r e ti r w e h t p l e h o t l u f e s u e r a s e ir o e h t

. y t e i c o s e h t d n a g n it t e s

y r o e h t r e h t o n

A related to developmen to fcharacte ri s also appiled .There are e

e r h

t sources mfro E.M Forste renitltedAspec toft he Novel, Drs .EVanLaa rand Dr . d

e lt it n e d r e o w r e d n o o h c S .

N AnApproacht oEngilshLtierature ,andLaurencePer irne n

i Ltierature :Structure ,Sound ,and Sense .Those wli lbe useful t o answer t he t hrid y

t e i c o s e h t w o h s i h c i h w n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r

p in lfuences Ma ira’ s characte r

(30)

7 1

I

I

I

R

E

T

P

A

H

C

M

E

T

H

O

D

O

L

O

G

Y

.

A Objec itveoft heStudy

d e lt it n e l e v o n a s e z y l a n a h c r a e s e r s i h

T Eleven Minutes .Thi snoveli swirtten

. o h l e o C o l u a P y

b ElevenMinute si scatego irzeda sa ifcitonbook.I twa spubilshedby

f o t n i r p m I n

A Harpe rColiln sPubilsher ,NewYork .Thi snove lconsist so f273page s

. a t s o C l l u J t e r a g r a M y b h s il g n E o t n i e s e u g u tr o P e h t m o r f d e t a l s n a rt s i d n a

s i h t d n a t s il e v o n n a il i z a r B a s i e H . o h l e o C o l u a P s i l e v o n s i h t f o r o h t u a e h T

t s e b l a n o it a n r e t n i s i h f o e n o s i l e v o

n -selilng novels . He had been resounding

t s e b e h t r o f e s i a r p l a n o it a n r e t n

i -sel ilngwork o fPaulo Coelho .Eleven Minutes i shi s

e h t f o e n o s i e h e s u a c e b l a it n e u lf n i y lt a e r g e r a s k r o w s ’ o h l e o C o l u a P . k o o b h t n i n

t n e e b e v a h s l e v o n s i h d n a s l e v o n f o s t o l n e tt ir w e v a h t a h t s r o h t u a s u o m a

f ranslated

e h t n i n e tt ir w s a w d n a e d i w d lr o w d e h s il b u p n e e b s a h k o o b s i H . s e g a u g n a l y n a m o t n i

f o s t s

il bests elleri nt hi tryl anguage s(http://biography.coelhopaulo.com).

e m it e h t m o r f g n it r a t s r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t f o e fi l e h t t u o b a s ll e t s e t u n i m n e v e l E

s n e h

w he wa sstli leleven .Ma ira ha sa high ambiiton to go to the big ciite sand

o t o g o t e c n a h c a r e h e v i g o ri e n a J e d o i R n i d n e k e e w r e H . s s e rt c a n a e m o c e b

r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t e c n i S . e t u ti t s o r p a s a n o i s s e f o r p r e h n i p u s d n e e h S . d n a lr e z ti w S

g u rt s o t e g a r u o c s a

h gle f romherl fiei nt heSwtize lrand ,shechange shert houghti nto

g n i n i a l p m o c m e h t o t s n e t s il o s l a e h s , s t n e il c r e h s e v r e s e h s , n e h W . y a w e v it i s o p a

(31)

t s n i d e t s e r e t n i s e m o c e

b udying abou thumanemoiton and psychology .Unit lone day

d n a , tr a H f l a R ; r e t n i a p s u o m a f g n u o y h c ir a s t e e m e h s , n o it a r u t a s r e h f o t n i o p e h t t a

. m i h m o r f e v o l f o g n i n a e m e h t s d n if e h s n e h t

.

B Approachoft heStudy

f m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a d n a l e v o n e h t e z y l a n a o

T ormulaiton s the wrtie r use

e h t w o h e z y l a n a o t e l b a ti u s s i h c a o r p p a s i h t , c i p o t e h t n o d e s a B . h c a o r p p a c it s il a m r o f

e r e h w s e it e i c o

s Maria ilve sin lfuence he rcharacte rdevelopment .Mary Rohrberge r

d n

a Samue lH .Woods .rJ in Reading andWriitng abou tLtieratur ,e statetheex rteme

s ’ r o h t u a e h t f o s t c a f o t e c n e r e f e r t u o h ti w e c e i p y r a r e ti l e h t s e n i m a x e c it ir c t s il a m r o f

f o t n e m p o l e v e d e h t n i e c a l p s ti o t r o e c e i p e h t f o e r n e g e h t o t e c n e r e f e r t u o h ti w , e fi l

o t e c n e r e f e r t u o h ti w d n a , y r o t s i h y r a r e ti l n i r o e r n e g e h

t ti ssocia lmiileu ( Rohrberger

) 7 : 1 7 9 1 , d o o W d n a

. R n h o J d n a , n a m s e e R . C e n n a e J , n a g r o M e e L , r o b a L e lr a E , n ir e u G . L d e r fl i W

n i m a h g n il li

W A Handbook o fCriitca lApproache sto Ltierature ,state stha tthe

g n i d a e r f o r e n n a m e h t s e z i s a h p m e h c a o r p p a t s il a m r o

f ltierature tha twa sgiven ti s

o w t t s ri f e h t n i c it ir c n a c ir e m A d n a h s il g n E y b s e s a h p m e d n a n o i s n e m i d l a i c e p

s - ithrd

y n a m o T . y r u t n e c h t e it n e w t e h t f

o students o fltierature, thi sapproach came to be

.) 6 9 : 1 1 0 2 , n ir e u G ( m s i c it ir C w e N e h t d e ll a c

p a c it s il a m r o

F proachi susefult oanalysist his r esearch becauset hist hi sapproach

o s l a r e ti r w e h t , h c r a e s e r s i h t g n i z y l a n a n I . fl e s ti e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w e h t n o s e s u c o f

. h c a o r p p a c it s il a m r o f s e il p p a r e ti r w e h t e r o f e r e h T . fl e s ti l e v o n e h t n o s e s u c o

(32)

.

C Methodoft heStudy

s i h t g n i z y l a n a n

I research ,the wrtie rused ilbrary research to ifnd the data .In

e h t , h c r a e s e r y r a r b

il p irmary data w as the nove lfrom Paulo Coelho enitlted Eleven

s e t u n i

M .Since the analysi sfocuse d on the in lfuence o fthe society toward Ma ir 'a s

t c a r a h

c e rdevelopmen,tt herefore, t he othe rsource swere t he t heoryo fcharacte rand

e h t , e n o d e r e w s t n e m e l e c i s n ir t n i e h t r e tf A . g n

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