COMPLIMENT EXPRESSIONS AND COMPLIMENT
RESPONSES USED BY CHARACTERS IN “LITTLE WOMEN”
NOVEL
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of
Education in English Department
By DWI ASTUTI
A320130232
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
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MOTTOS
The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet -Aristotle-
And if you count the favors of Allah, you could not enumerate them. Indeed Allah is Forgiving and Merciful
(The Glorious Qur’an, An Nahl: 18)
Terkadang, kesulitan harus kamu rasakan terlebih dahulu sebelum kebahagiaan yang sempurna datang kepadamu
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DEDICATION
Gratefully I dedicate this paper to :
1. Allah S.W.T for blessing me
2. My beloved father, mother, and sister
3. My best partner
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
Assalamu’alaikumWarrahmatullahiWabbarakatuh
AlhamdulillahiRobbil’aalamiin, all praise being to Allah SWT, Lord of the world, the Most Merciful, who blesses the researcher so that she could complete her research paper as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for getting Barchelor Degree of Education in Department of English Education at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Also praise for the prophet Muhammad SAW for his family, his companions, and his followers. Amin.
The researcher would like to express her sincere gratitude for all people who give contribution and support in accomplishing this research. Thus, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Purnomo, M. Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., the Head of Department of English Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Drs. Agus Wijayanto M.A., Ph.D.,the consultant who has given guidance, advice, help, and information patiently during the arrangement of this research and during the study.
4. The examiners who has given a great chance and easiness for the researcher to get through this one of the most steps in her life
5. All the lectures in the Department of English Education who have helped and guided for all of their beneficial knowledge that has taught to the researcher.
6. Her beloved parents, Misman and Kamtini, for the support, endless love, prayer, motivation, and patience
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7. Her beloved family, Mbak Asti, Melisa, and De Parmi thank for the support and pray
8. Her beloved best friends, Zakiyatul Fitria, Anggi Widyastuti, Arifatul Azizah (wifi hunter), Wiwit, Yuni, Dhani, Puji thanks for their support, loves, and friendship.
9. Her best partner, Dany Aryanto, thanks for the support, motivation, happiness, and togetherness.
10. Her beloved Workaholic team (Ritmika, Anggi, Aisyah, Inggit, Maya, Laudita, Mbak Dita, Mas Wisnu, Mas Rizqi, Mas Praditha, Hammam, Donny, Mas Jalu, Aji) thanks for happiness, and togetherness.
11. Her big family of LPM Pabelan, thanks for their love, friendship, solidarity and enlightenment.
12. Her beloved friends in the big family of Jamur Community and DEE (Department of English Education)
13. Her beloved friend in Kidnap Kos.
14. All the people who cannot be mentioned one by one for their support to the researcher for completing this research paper.
Finally, the researcher realizes that this research paper was still far from being perfect. So, the suggestion and structural criticism are expected for the perfection of this work.
Wassalamu’alaikumWarrahmatullahiWabarrakatuh
The Researcher
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COMPLIMENT EXPRESSIONS AND COMPLIMENT RESPONSES USED BY CHARACTERS IN “LITTLE WOMEN”
NOVEL
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kategori-kategori ekspresi dalam pujian, mendeskripsikan fungsi-fungsi yang digunakan dalam pujian dan mengklasifikasikan respons dari pujian yang digunakan oleh karakter-karakter dalam novel Little Women. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Wolfson (1983) untuk menganalisis kategori dan fungsi pujian, serta menggunakan teori Herbert (1989) untuk menganalisis respons dari pujian.
Berdasarkan analisis data, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat 48 data yang mengandung ungkapan pujian dan 33 data yang mengandung respons dari pujian. Terdapat 4 kategori pujian yang digunakan karakter- karakter dalam novel Little Women, yaitu 10 data pada pujian penampilan (21%), 7 data pujian kepemilikan (15%), 16 data pada pujian kemampuan (33%), dan 15 data pada pujian terhadap aksi tertentu (31%). Serta ada 6 fungsi dalam pujian yang digunakan dalam novel Little Women yaitu mengekspresikan ketertarikan, menjaga persabahatan, memperhalus ungkapan syukur dan selamat, memperhalus kritik dan permintaan, membuka percakapan dan untuk menguatkan kebiasaan. Selain itu, ada 7 respons pujian yang diungkapkan dalam novel Little Women yaitu Tidak berhubungan; Pujian diterima; Merendah; Pujian diterima dengan penambahan; Ketidaksetujuan; Pengembalian; dan Pengembalian pada objek lain. Kata kunci : kategori pujian, fungsi pujian, respons terhadap pujian,
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to identify the topics of compliment, describe the functions of compliment and classify the responses of compliment used by the characters in “Little Women” novel. The method used descriptive qualitative to analyze the data. This research used Wolfson’s theory (1983) to analyze the topics and functions of compliment, and used Herbert’s theory (1989) to classify the compliment responses.
Based on the data analysis, the results of this research showed that there are 48 data containing compliments and 33 data containing responses of compliment. There are 4 the topics of compliment used by characters in “Little Women” novel, 10 data on personal appearance (21%), 7 data on
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possession of appearance (15%), and 16 data general ability (33%), and 15 data on specific act ability (31%). There are 6 functions of compliments used by characters in “Little Women” novel to express admiration or approval with the data is 15 data (31%); to reinforce desired behavior with 9 of 48 data; the functions of compliment to soften replace gratitude and congratulations with 8 data of 48 data (17%); to maintain solidarity with 7 data (15%); to open and sustain conversation with 5 data (10%); whereas the lowest frequency is to soften face threatening acts in critique and request with the frequency 4 data (8%). There are 7 responses of compliment such as, No Acknowledgement; Appreciation Token; Praise Downgrade; Comment Acceptance; Disagreement; Return; and Reassignment.
Keywords : topics of compliment, functions of compliment, compliment responses
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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ... i APPROVAL ... ii ACCEPTANCE ... iii DECLARATION ... iv MOTTOS ... v DEDICATION ... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vii ABSTRAK ... ix ABSTRACT ... ix TABLE OF CONTENT ... xiLIST OF TABLE AND DIAGRAM ... xiv
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Limitation of the Study ... 3
C. Problem Statement ... 4
D. Objective of the Study ... 4
E. Benefit of the Study ... 4
F. Research Paper Organization ... 5
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY A. Underlying Theory ... 6
1. Pragmatics ... 6
a. Notion of Pragmatics... 6
b. The Scope of Pragmatics ... 7
2. Speech Acts ... 8
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b. The classification of Illocutionary acts ... 9
3. Compliment ... 11 a. Notion of Compliment ... 11 b. Topics of Compliment ... 12 c. Functions of Compliment ... 13 d. Compliment Responses ... 14 4. Context ... 16 B. Previous Study ... 19
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD A. Type of Research ... 27
B. Object of Research ... 27
C. Research Data and Data Source ... 27
D. Technique of Collecting Data ... 28
E. Data Validity ... 28
F. Technique of Analyzing Data ... 28
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS, FINDING AND DISCUSSION A. Data Analysis ... 30 1 Topics of Compliment ... 30 a. Topics of Appearance ... 30 1) Personal Appearance ... 30 2) Possession Appearance ... 34 b. Topics of Ability ... 38 1) General Ability ... 38
2) Specific acts Ability ... 42
2 Functions of Compliment ... 46
a. To express admiration or approval ... 47
b. To maintain solidarity ... 50
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d. To soften face threatening acts ... 56
e. To open and sustain conversation ... 59
f. To reinforce desired behavior ... 62
3 Compliment Responses ... 65 a. Appreciation Token ... 65 b. Comment Acceptance ... 67 c. Praise downgrade ... 71 d. Reassignment ... 73 e. Return ... 74 f. Disagreement ... 75 g. No Acknowledgement ... 76 B. Research Finding ... 77 C. Discussion ... 80
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 83
B. Suggestion ... 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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LIST OF DIAGRAM
CHAPTER II
Table 1.1 Speaking Abbreviation CHAPTER IV
Diagram 1.2. Percentage amount diagram of topics of compliment Diagram 1.3. Percentage amount diagram of functions of compliment Diagram 1.4 Percentage amount diagram of compliment responses
