ABSTRAK
Proses pemberesan harta pailit yang dilakukan oleh Balai Harta Peninggalan sebagai Kurator diantaranya adalah penjualan seluruh harta pailit melalui penjualan di muka umum (lelang), apabila tidak berhasil maka Kurator dapat melakukan penjualan di bawah tangan dengan izin Hakim Pengawas. Penjualan harta pailit di muka umum (lelang) dilakukan oleh Kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang (KPKNL) Medan atas permohonan lelang dari Balai Harta Peninggalan Medan selaku Kurator. Dalam praktiknya, penjualan harta pailit melalui lelang sering tidak optimal sehingga Balai Harta Peninggalan Medan selaku Kurator melakukan penjualan di bawah tangan dengan meminta izin Hakim Pengawas terlebih dahulu. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi harta pailit pada KPKNL Medan dan mengapa eksekusi harta pailit melalui penjualan di muka umum (lelang) pada KPKNL Medan kurang optimal serta apakah pelaksanaan penjualan di bawah tangan terhadap harta pailit oleh Kurator telah melindungi kepentingan kreditor dan debitor.
Penelitian ini adalah hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan didukung data empiris. Sumber data penelitian yaitu dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier. Pengumpulan data melalui data primer dengan studi lapangan (field research) yaitu melakukan wawancara kepada Pejabat Lelang dan Kepala KPKNL Medan serta pihak Balai Harta Peninggalan Medan selaku Kurator, dan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan (library research).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi harta pailit pada KPKNL Medan telah peraturan dan ketentuan yang berlaku serta memenuhi asas-asas lelang. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kurang optimalnya pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi harta pailit pada KPKNL Medan yaitu tingginya nilai limit harta pailit yang dilelang, kreditor separatis tidak kooperatif, debitor pailit tidak kooperatif dan besarnya biaya persiapan lelang. Penjualan di bawah tangan yang dilakukan oleh Balai Harta Peninggalan Medan selaku Kurator dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap kreditor dan debitor.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, disarankan agar Balai Harta Peninggalan Medan selaku Kurator dan KPKNL Medan selaku pihak yang berwenang dalam pelaksanaan lelang menjalankan fungsi dan tanggung jawabnya masing-masing sehingga pelaksanaan lelang eksekusi harta pailit dapat optimal serta perlunya dibuatkan Standart Operating Procedure (SOP) mekanisme penjualan di bawah tangan harta pailit yang dilakukan oleh Kurator.
Kata Kunci : Pemberesan Harta Pailit, Lelang, Penjualan di Bawah Tangan
ABSTRACT
The process of bankruptcy estate settlement done by the Probate Court as the Curator is by selling the whole bankruptcy estate in the public sale (auction). If the Curator fails to do it, it can be sold underhandedly with the permission of the Supervisory Judge. Selling bankruptcy estate in the public sale (auction) is done by KPKNL (State Assets and Auction Service Office), Medan, with the request of auction from the Probate Court, Medan, as the Curator. In practice, the sale of bankruptcy estate is not optimal; therefore, the Probate Court, Medan, as the Curator does it underhandedly with the permission of the Supervisory Judge. The problems in this research were as follows: how was the implementation of the public auction of bankruptcy estate at KPKNL, Medan, why the execution of bankruptcy estate through the public auction at KPKNL is not optimal, and whether the implementation of the public sale of bankruptcy estate underhandedly by the Curator has protected the interest of creditors and debtors.
The research used judicial normative approach with descriptive analytic analysis, supported by empirical data. The data comprised primary, secondary, and tertiary data. They were gathered through the primary data by performing field research through interviews with the Auction officials, the Head of KPKNL, Medan, and the officials of the Probate Court, Medan as the Curator. The secondary data were gathered by performing library research.
The result of the research showed that the implementation of the execution auction of bankruptcy estate at the KPKNL, Medan, had fulfilled the legal provisions and the principles of auction. Some factors which caused the implementation of the execution auction of bankruptcy estate at the KPKNL, Medan, were not optimal were as follows: the limiting value of the bankruptcy estate which was auctioned was high, the separated creditors were not cooperative, the debtors who went bankrupt were not cooperative, and the preparation cost of the auction was high. Selling underhandedly by the Probate Court, Medan, as the Curator could give legal protection to creditors and debtors.
It is recommended that the Probate Court, Medan, as the Curator and the KPKNL, Medan, that has the authority as the executor of the auction should do their job and take the responsibility in order that the execution of the auction of bankruptcy estate can be optimal. It is also recommended that Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of the mechanism in selling bankruptcy estate underhandedly by the Curator should be made.
Keywords: Settlement of Bankruptcy Estate, Auction, Selling Underhandedly
