Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi
ku Barimyi bato bo muri Afrika
Gushimira
© 2013 Rainforest Alliance
Nta muntu yemerewe kugira ico ahinduye muri aka gatabu
Umwanditsi:
Reiko Enomoto, Technical Capacity Manager, Sustainable Agriculture Division, Rainforest Alliance
Umugenduzi w'ubuhinga:
Winnie Mwaniki, Regional Projects Manager, Rainforest Alliance
Abatosoye n'intererano y'ubuhinga:
Marc Monsarrat, Manager (East Africa & South Asia), Rainforest Alliance Kathrin Resak, Technical Coordinator (Africa & Asia), Rainforest Alliance Sylvia Rutatina, Rainforest Alliance Tanzania Coordinator
Washington Ndwiga, Rainforest Alliance Trainer, Partner Africa Mark Omondi, Rainforest Alliance Trainer, Partner Africa Jane Nyambura, Regional Manager, Partner Africa Peter Mbadi, Project Manager, KTDA
Alfrick Sang, Sustainable Agriculture Coordinator, KTDA Dr. F. N. Wachira, Director, Tea Research Foundation of Kenya Gabriel Tuei, Unilever Kenya
Zakaria Mitei, Unilever Kenya Livingstone Sambai, Unilever Kenya Jagjeet Kandal, Unilever
Mark Birch, Unilever
Ria Kearney, Tata Global Beverages
Sebastian Michaelis, Tata Global Beverages Sarah Roberts, Ethical Tea Partnership Joseph Wagurah, Ethical Tea Partnership
Abafashe amasanamu
Reiko Enomoto, Rainforest Alliance Kathrin Resak, Rainforest Alliance Winnie Mwaniki, Rainforest Alliance Washington Ndwiga, Partner Africa Tea Research Foundation of Kenya
Iyi mfashanyigisho yanditswe, ihindurwa mu Kirundi iva mu ururimi rw'Icongereza, isohorwa kumfashanyo y'amafaranga ya : Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH), Flemish Authorities (FICA), Tata Global Beverages, Unilever Plc., Taylors of Harrogate, DFID-UK Aid na Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund.
Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi
ku Barimyi bato bo muri Afrika
Intangamarara
Igice ca 1:
Uburyo buhinyanyuwe bwo kurwanya ivyonyi
Igice ca 2:
Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi
Igice ca 3: Uburyo bwo
gutunganya imyanda
Igice ca 4: Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima
Igice ca 5: Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga amazi
Igice ca 6: Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga isi
Igice ca 7: Uburyo bwiza
bwo kubaho no gukora
Igice ca 8:
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Intangamarara mu nzira ija
ku burimyi burama
Icyayi ni kimwe mu biterwa bifise akamaro mu bihugu vyo mu buseruko n'uburaruko vya Afrika kikaba kininjiriza amafaranga adaharurwa ku barimyi bato. Yamara, niba ubuhinga butaramba, bwemerewe kubandanya, bizokwandukiza ibidukikije, bitume amazi n'agataka vyononekara, hanyuma abakirima nabo ntibahabwe agaciro. Kuri izo mvo uburimyi bw'icayi ntibushobora kuramba mu gihe kirekire.
Kugirango umwimbu w'icayi ushobore kuramba igihe kirekire, dusabwa gukorera hamwe mu guteza imbere umwimbu uramba, tugakuraho umwimbu utaramba ku rwego
rw'umurimyi muto. Birakenewe cane rero kumenya ko umurimyi wese ategerezwa gufata nkama ubuhinga bwo kurima icayi mu buryo buramba.
Ni gute umurimyi muto yorima icayi mu buryo burama? Iyi “mfashanyigisho ku giterwa c'icayi” irerekana ubuhinga bworoshe kandi busanzwe bwo kurima mu buryo buramba igiterwa c'icayi mu matongo y'abarimyi bo mu bihugu vya Afrika
Ibiri muri iyi mfashanyigisho bifatiye ku ngingo ngenderwako y'uburimyi Buramba yashizwe ahabona muri Mukakaro 2010 n'irunani rwishinze Uburimyi buramba, “Sustainable Agriculture Network”. Iyi ngingo ngenderwako irimwo ibice bihambaye vy' uburambe. Iyi mfashanyigisho niyo shingiro ku murimyi yipfuza kubona urupapuro rutanzwe na Rainforest Alliance
In
Ibitegerezwa gukwiza kugirango uronke urwo rupapuro
Gukwiza niburiburi 80% y'ingingo zose ( ingingo zose ni 99)
Gukwiza 50% muri buri kigabane (ibigabane vyose ni 10)
Gukwiza ijana kw'ijana ingingo zose zikomeye zohava zikubuza
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Kugirango uronke urupapuro rwa Rainforest Alliance, umuntu ategerezwa gukwiza ibi bikurikira:
Ku barimyi bato b'icayi nyinshi muri izi ngingo ntizikoreshwa. Muri iyi mfashanyigisho turashimikira gusa ku ngingo zifitiye akamaro kandi zikoreshwa mu matongo y'abarimyi bato b'icayi. Turabasaba ko mushira ku muzirikanyi ko iyi mfashanyigisho idashimikira ku ngingo zose zijanye n'ingingo ngenderwako z'uburimyi buramba, canke ku burimyi bwerekeye imirima minini minini.
Ibiri muri iyi mfashanyigisho
Igice ca 1:
Uburyo buhagije bwo kurwanya ivyonyi
Igice ca 2:
Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi
Igice ca 3: Uburyo bwo
gutunganya imyanda
Igice ca 4: Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima
Igice ca 5: Uburyo bwo
Kubungabunga amazi
Igice ca 6: Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga isi
Igice ca 7: Uburyo bwiza
bwo kubaho no gukora
Igice ca 8:
Ukubungabunga imirima
Iyi mfashanyigisho igizwe n'ibice 8 bikurikira, igice cose kigahura n'ibwirizwa ry'ingingo igize uburimyi buramba
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 8
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 6
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 10
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 2
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 4
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 9
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 5
Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 1 Page 4
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Gutera
Iyo utera igiti gishasha c'icayi, gerageza uhitemwo ubwokoburinda ivyonyi n'indwara nk' umuswa na helopelitis. Ni vyiza gutera ubwoko bw'icayi butandukanye aho gutera bumwe bwonyene gusa. Iyo uteye ubwoko bwinshi, ubwoko bwose butegerezwa guterwa ahabwo kugira ngo ushobore gukurikirana neza umurima wawe.
Gutera ubwoko bw'icayi burobanuwe
Niba umurima warabanje
kwanduzwa n'indwara z'imizi nka “arumilariya”, birashoboka ko iyo ndwara yoba icinyegeje mu mizi y'ibiti bigisigaye. Nico gituma ivyo vyonyi bitegerezwa kuvanwa mu murima hakoreshejwe uburyo “impeta ivanako urukoba” bwo kuvana igikoba ku nkikuro yose y'igiti. Ubu buryo ni ubwo kwica
ivyonyi vyose vyinyegeje mu mizi. Impeta ivanako urukoba
Kubagara
Kubagara bitegerezwa gukurikiranwa mu buryo bukurikira, hadakoreshejwe iterwa ry'imiti
Gusasira ibiti bikiri bito, canke ibimaze guhimburwa
Kugumana ibitanda vyiza ku biti vy'icayi vyakuze Kurandura n'intoke ivyatsi biri mu cayi
Uburyo buhinyanyuye
bwo kurwanya ivyonyi
Ikoreshwa ry'imiti iva mu mahinguriro sibwo buryo bwonyene bwo kurwanya ivyonyi n'indwara. Muri Afrika, Iyo igiti c'icayi gifashwe neza kikaba gifise
ubuzima, gitegerezwa kwerekana kwandura guke kw'ivyonyi n'indwara ku buryo bitaba ngombwa gutera imiti iva mu mahinguriro. Iyo umuntu ateye iyo miti yica n'utundi dukoko dusanzwe turya ivyonyi vy'icayi bigatuma rero ivyo vyonyi biguma biba vyinshi mu murima. Muri iki gice, turiga kurwanya ivyonyi n'indwara mu buryo buramba.
Gusasira no kugumana ibitanda bikoze neza bibuza urumuri gushika ku butaka, bigatuma ivyatsi bitamera mu cayi.
Kubagara ukoresheje isuka bishobora gutuma ukomeretsa imizi y'igiti c'icayi. Nico gituma ari vyiza kubagaza intoke.
Gusasira ibiti bikiri bito
Gukata icayi
Gukata icayi ni ngombwa kugirango ushobore kugumana ibiti vyawe vy'icayi bifise ubuzima kandi bitanga umwimbu. Gukata bifise akamaro gakurikira.
Amashami yakaswe ku giti akoreshwa nk'isaso ry'urusi. Kandi isaso ibuza ivyatsi gukura mu cayi. Isaso ituma urusi rugumana akanovera kandi ikarurinda isuri. Iyo isaso itanguye kubora izanira ifumbire urusi.
4.
Utemye icayi, gikatire hejuru ya centimetero 60 uvuye hasi (Ahagera kumavi yawe). Ukatiye hasi cane amazi atarutse avuye hasi ashobora kuzana ingwara zishobora kwinjira mu giti c'icayi
Inyuma yo gukata, shira amashami yakaswe hejuru y'igiti c'icayi kugirango ukirinde uruzuba.
Inyuma y'igihe gito niho ushobora kuyavanaho ukayakoresha nk'isaso.
Kurwanya imbeba, imfuku n'insiha
Imbeba, imfuku n'insiha bishobora gukomeretsa imizi n'ibiti vy'icayi. Ukwo gukomeretsa gushobora kurwanywa mu kwimba imyobo, kandi ugatera ivyatsi birura nabi nka teforoziya vogeli (Tephrosia vogeli), tageti minuta (Tagetes minuta) ariyo bita Mexican marigold,
ibitunguru vya onyo canke tungurusumu. Ugerageze ntuvyice.
Teforoziya vogeli yatewe mu matongo Tagetes minuta
Nimba ushaka gukoresha amazi ava mu mababi ya teforoziya vogeli nk' umuti wica udukoko, baza abagoronome
2. Gukata vyihutisha kumera kw'amashami n'amababi bisha vy'icayi. 1. Gukata amashami n'amababi arwaye bihagarika uruhererekane rw'ubuzima bw'ivyonyi
3. Gukata bikurikirana uburebure bw'igiti c'icayi bikorohera umurimyi
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Arumilariya
Nimba ufise igiti c'icayi capfuye canke igiti casadutse gifise urukoba rwera, ivyo ni
ibimenyetso vy'indwara ya Arumilariya. Arumilariya ni indwara ikwiragira mu giti cose ihereye mu mizi. Iyo utayirwanije hakiri kare iyo ndwara ishobora gukwiragira ikarigita umurima wose.
Igiti casadutse uhereye mw'itsina
Igiti capfuye Igiti capfuye canke igiti
gifise amababi asa n'umuhondo
Igiti casadutse uhereye
mw'itsina kiba gifise urukoba rwera
Nimba ufise igiti kirwaye
Arumilariya, utegerezwa kurandura igiti cose hamwe
n'imizi yaco, mbere
ukakirambika hasi kikuma
Umaze kurandura igiti kirwaye, urashobora gutera igiti gishasha umwaka ukurikira. Nimba ibiti vyaranduwe ahantu hanini, aho hantu hashobora kubanza guterwa ibiterwa bisiga uburyohe mu rusi nk'ivyatsi vya Gwatemala ( Guatemala grass).
Ivyatsi vya Gwatemala Randura igiti cose hamwe n'imizi yaco
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Kurwanya Fomobuzis (Phomopsis) canke ibivyimba vy'igiti
Iyo hatanguye kuboneka ibivyimba ku giti cankeku mababi y'icayi, ico ni ikimenyetso c'indwara ya fomobuzis. Iyo ni indwara yinjirira aho amababi canke igiti cakomerekejwe. Ushobora
gukomeretsa igiti n'isuka iyo uriko urabagara, canke igiti kigakomeretswa n'imbeba canke imfuku.
igiti gifise ibivyimba Amababi atanguye gusa n'umuhondo
Kugirango urwanye iyi ndwara, utegerezwa gutema ibiti n'amababi vyose vyanduye hanyuma ubiturire. Guturira biremewe kuri iyi ndwara yo nyene, kuko nibwo buryo bwonyene buhari bwo kuyirwanya. Iyo uturiye, menya ko utegerzwa kuba hafi, uraba ko umuriro udatandukira ahandi.
Kwirinda iyo ndwara ni uguhitamwo ubwoko bwihanganira iyo ndwara iyo ugiye gutera icayi. Utegerezwa no kwirinda
gukoresha isuka iyo uriko urabagara icayi, kuko ishobora gukomeretsa imizi y' igiti c'icayi
Guturira amababi arwaye fomobusis
Kurwanya Ipogisilo (Hypoxylon) canke kubora kw'amashami
Ipogisilo ni indwara ifata amashami y'icayi. Amashami yanduye atangura kubora, akazana ibihurushi vyirabura ku rukoba. Kurwanya Ipogisilo, ni ugutema amashami yanduyehanyuma ugasiga ku bikomere umuti urwanya udukoko w'umuringa (copper-based fungicide). Iyo urimwo urakata icayi, utegerezwa kugikatira hejuru y'urugero rw'amavi (60 cm) kugirango agakoko gatera iyi ndwara ntigashike ku bikomere vy'igiti.
Igiti cose carwaye ipogisilo
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Helopelitis ( insazi y'icayi)
Iyo nsazi inunuza amababi mato y'icayi acoroshe, igasiga ibizinga vy'igitare ku mababi kubera amate yayo. Amababi yandujwe niyo nsazi akura nabi nabi.
Amababi y'icayi yandujwe na Helopelitis Helopelitis (insazi y'icayi)
Ibabi ryanunujwe na Helopelitis
Ukuvanako amababi yoroshe yose akiri
Kurwanya helopelitis birasaba kuvanaho amababi yoroshe yose akiri mato hanyuma mu murima hagasigara amababi akomeye gusa. Ubu buryo nibwo bita “ gutipinga”. Iyo uvanyeko amababi yoroshe yose ashobora kugaburira Helopelitis, ukwanduza kwiyo nsazi y'icyayi kuragabanuka.
Uburyo bwo kwirinda helopelitis ni
uguhitamwo ubwoko bw'icayi burinda iyo nsazi iyo ugiye kurima icayi bwa mbere.
Imbaragasa (Aphids)
Imbaragasa ni udukoko turya amababi yoroshe akiri mato y'icayi. Kwimbura kenshi gashoboka nokugabanya igihe co kwimbura umara hagati y'umwimbu n'uwundi, ni uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya imbaragasa.
Amababi yatewe n'udusurira
Agasurira ni umwansi
w'imbaragasa. Udusurira turya imbaragasa bigatuma
zitagwira. Iyo rero uteye imiti iva mu mahinguriro ushaka kwica imbaragasa n'udusurira ntidusigara. Kudatera iyo miti bituma utica udusurira natwo tukagufasha kurwanya imbaragasa.
Agasurira karya imbaragasa
Mayite (Mites)
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa mayite, hari ubusa n'igitare, ubutukura, n'ubundi.
Amababi yatewe na mayite ahindura ibara
agasa n'umuringa
Umurima watewe na mayite itukura
Amababi yafashwe na mayite itukura
Gufumbira ku gihe kandi ugafumbira neza
Ibiti bitarwaye kandi bikomeye bifise ubuzima bishobora kurinda indwara ya mayite. Gushiramwo ifumbire igihe kandi ugafumbira neza bituma igiti kigira ubuzima, kigakomera.
Gutera ubwoko bw'icyayi burinda mayite navyo bituma urwanya iyo ndwara.
Reka turinde imirima yacu ivyonyi n'indwara mu buryo buramba kandi tunabona ibiti vy'icayi vyiza bifise ubuzima kandi bitanga umwimbu
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ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi
Igice ca 2
Abarimyi bafise urupapuro ntibarekuriwe gukora imirimo ibangamira ubuzima bwabo canke ubw' abandi bantu. Nimba ukoresha imiti iva mu mahinguriro mu murima wawe w'imboga canke ibitungwa vyawe, iyo miti itegerzwa gukoreshwa mu buryo butabangamira ubuzima bwawe, ubwo umuryango wawe nubwo ababanyi bawe.
Ntivyemewe gutera umuti uva mu mahinguriro utambaye
imyambaro yabigenewe yo kwirinda (PPE) kubera ko:
Iyi ngingo irakomeye. Kutayubahiriza, bishobora Gutuma ubura urupapuro.
Menya Neza:
Akayungiro kayungurura Imiti (Akayungurura ivumbi ntikayungurura imiti)
Ikoti ry'imvura canke igikingira umugongo
Ibirato vya nilo wambara kun toke kugira bizikingire
Umwambaro wo hasi ukozwe n'udukuko twa plasitike (ushobora kongerwako mu gihe rya koti ry'imvura ridafuka neza amaguru)
Menya Neza: ushobora gukoresha mu rugo rwawe umufuko wa plasitike utavuyemwo imiti uva mu mahinguriro. Ntugakoreshe n'imifuko yavuyemwo amafumbire ava mu mahinguriro
Ibirato vy'ingamiya bitinjirwamwo n'imiti Akayungiro
k'ivumbi
Umwambaro ukingira amaso
Utegerezwa Kwibuka ko ibice vy'umubiri vyose bitegerezwa gufukwa
Imyambaro y'umuntu wese mu kwirinda (PPE)
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ushobora kumira iyo miti biciye mu kanwa no mu mazuru
Iyo ipompo yawe iva umuti ushobora gutotesha impuzu zawe hanyuma umubiri ukanduzwa n'iyo miti
Intoke zawe zishobora gutoteshwa
n'uwo muti ukakwinjiramwo
Nimba utambaye ibirato, umuti ushobora kwinjira no mu birenge vyawe
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Kwambara impuzu yo kwikingira yabigenewe (PPE) ntibikenewe gusa iyo uriko uratera imiti mu mboga zawe ahubwo biranakenewe niyo uriko uratera umuti ibitungwa vyawe canke ushira ifumbire mu murima wawe.
Uburyo bwiza bwo kubikamwo imiti
Imiti iva mu mahinguriro
Imiti iva mu mahinguriro
Ni izihe ngaruka mbi iyo ubitse imiti iva mu mahinguriro mu nzu?
Imyuka mibi ituruka mu bubiko bwayo iraza ikonona ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
Nimba wabitse iyo miti mu gikoni, abantu bo mu muryango wawe, bashobora kwibesha bakayishira mu biribwa batazi ko ari imiti y'ubumara
Nimba wabitse iyo miti mu cumba, abana bashobora kuyifata
bakayinywa, bazi ko ari amazi canke ikindi kinyobwa
Imiti iva mu mahinguriro
Nimba wabitse iyo miti ahantu huguruye hadafunze, abana bashobora kuyifata bakayikinisha, canke umuntu wo hanze akayiba.
Ingaruka zo kutabika imiti neza, zirakomeye kandi zishobora kuvamwo urupfu rw'umuntu wo mu muryango wawe.
Imiti iva mu mahinguriro
U
Ni vyiza kugura umuti uca ukoresha ako kanya ku buryo atawusigara ngo uwubike mu nzu yawe. Mu gihe bibaye ngombwa ko ubika umuti wasigaye aho ubaye, ushobora guhitamwo mu buryo bukurikira bwo kubikamwo iyo miti iva mu mahinguriro ata ngaruka bigiriye wewe ubwawe n'umuryango wawe.
Ububiko bwubatswe mu ngunguru Ububiko bwubatswe mu ki nyankoko
1. Uko ingana nuko imeze
Nimba ushaka kubika umuti uri mu ma cupa, si ngombwa ko wubaka icumba c'ububiko. Ku murimyi muto asanzwe, ahantu hato harakwiye kugirango habikemwo iyo miti.
Nk'akarorero ashobora gusatura ingunguru, agakoresha ikindi cuma cose gishaje, canke agaturu k'inkoko gashaje katagikoreshwa mu kubika ya miti iva mu mahinguriro. Ubu bubiko bwose twavuze haruguru ntibutegere zwa kuba buri mu nzu imbere.
2. Ibikoresho bitononwa n'amazi
Ushobora kwiyubakira ububiko ukoreshejeje ibikoresho biri hafi ariko bitononwa n' amazi.
Igisenge gitegerezwa kuba cubatswe neza kandi kitava. Iyo ushatse gukoresha imbaho, utegerezwa gukoresha
ubumwanya ukazipfuka kugira imiti iva ntitonyangire kuri izo
Imbere mu bubiko bwubatwe n'imbaho hakingiriwe n'ubumwanya
3. Ukwugara
Ububiko butegerezwa kuba bwugaye neza n'igufuri, ahasigaye urupfunguruzo rukaba rubitswe ahantu heza hizigiwe. Ni vyiza kuhugaza igufuri kugira ngo abana canke abandi bantu ntibahugurure ngo batware iyo miti ihabitswe.
4. Icapa c'ukugabisha.
Gerageza ushire icapa co kugabisha ku bubiko bwawe kugira ngo uwo ariwe wese amenye ko habitswe imiti ishobora kwica ubuzima bw'abantu.
Ingazi y'urubaho ijako imiti ipfukishijwe akamwanya.
U
Ugukingira ibiterwa vy'imiti n'ibiti canke ivyatsi
Iyo uteye imiti utegerezwa kumenyako abantu baca i ruhande y'umurima batokwanduzwa n'ubumara buva mu murima. Kugira ngo twirinde gutemba kw'imiti iva mu murima ni vyiza gutera ibiti canke ivyatsi. Uruzitiro rurabungabunga igwirirana ry'ibinyabuzima mu murima wawe.
Uruzitiro rw'ivyatsi canke ibiti Umurima
rw'ivyatsi canke ibiti
Uruzitiro rw'ivyatsi canke ibiti
Umwanya uri hagati y'uburaro
bw'abantu n'ahategerezwa kurimwa
Akaba umuryango wawe canke abakozi bawe baba aho umurima uri, ni ngombwa ko hoba umwanya hagati y'uburaro n'umurima. Iyo umurima w'icayi canke izindi ndimo zo mw'itongo vyegereye amazu, canke abana bakinira hafi y'iyo mirima, bazokwanduzwa ni miti itemba iva muri ya mirima. Kugirango uvyirinde ni vyiza gusiga umwanya canke ukubaka uruzitiro rw'ibiti canke ivyatsi iruhande y'iyo mirima.
Umwanya hagati y'imirima n'uburaro Umurima w'icayi iruhande y'inzu
Ugutunganya imyanda
Igice ca 3
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Imyanda ishobora kutugirira akamaro, mu gihe itunganijwe neza. Ariko iyo ida tunganijweneza, ishobora kwonona impwemu, amazi n'isi yo mu murima wawe. Iyo utiriye ubumwanya, canke uducupa twavuyemwo imiti, imyotsi ivamwo ishobora kwonona ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe. Reka dutunganye imyanda mu buryo bukwiye kugirango tugire imirima irangwamwo isuku n'amagara meza.
Guturira imyanda ntivyemewe
Ugutunganya imyanda ibora
Imyavu yo mu gikoni n'imyavu y'ibitungwa ishobora gushirwa muri nyabarega ikavyara ifumbire. Iyo wayishize muri nyabarega utegerezwa kwibuka ko utegerezwa
kuyihindukiza mu ndwi 2-3 kugira ngo hinjiremwo akayaga, ubushuhe bwongerekane bitume
n'ifumbire ibora neza.
Gutunganya imyavu y- ubumwanya n-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti
Imyavu y-ubumwanya- n-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti itegerezwa kuvangurwa n-iyindi myavu igakoranirizwa hamwe. Uducupa twavuyemwo imiti dutegerezwa kwozwa incuro zitatu hanyuma ukatumenagura imbere yo kudukoraniriza hamwe. Tumaze kwegeranywa uwurongoye umugwi ategerezwa kutujana ahantu mu buryo
budashobora kwanduza ibidukikije.
Ntidutegerezwa kurekerwa mu murima.
Umufuko w-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti.
Umupfuko w-imyanda ya plastike Igice c-ingunguru co gushiramwo ubumwanya canke uducupa.
Ku
Nimba ufise mu murima wawe hamwe mu hantu hameze nk'aha hakurikira, ico ikinyabuzima gikeneye gukingirwa
Ahantu hari ibiti cimeza
Ahantu hari ibikoko canke ivyatsi n-ibiti biriko birahona.
Imyonga n-inzuzi Ibishanga
Ama park n-ahandi aho ari hose hagendurwa na Leta y-uburundi.
Aho hantu hose havuzwe hategerezwa
gukingirwa kuberako ko habitse ibinyabuzima vy-ubwoko bwose, hanyuma guhomba ahantu nkaho bituma haba ihungababana rikomeye ry-ibidukikije, nko guhomba ibinyabuzima biriko birahona, n-amoko y-ibiti cimeza, nko gutera inkukura canke kwanduza amazi. Ni co gituma ahantu nkaho hadategerezwa kurimwa ngo haterwe icayi.
Birabujijwe guca, guhiga no kurima
Ku mvo zo gukingira aha hantu, ntibirekuwe kwirukana, guhiga ibikoko vyo mw-ishamba, kurima canke ngo upompe imiti aho hantu hakingiwe
Ibi bitegerezwa kumenyeshwa umuryango wawe wose n-abakozi ukoresha.
Kubungabunga uruvange
rw-ibinyabuzima
Igice ca 4
Guhonya ibinyabuzima ni urufatiro rukomeye rwotuma ubura urupapuro
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Gutera ibiti cimeza
Mu buryo bwo gukingira uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima vy-ahantu hakingiye, ushobora gutera ibiti cimeza ku mpande z-imirima, irunhande y-imigezi y-amazi n-ahandi hose hari imitumba ihanamye. Ni vyiza gutera ibiti vy-ishamba, atari ibiti vyazanywe n-abazungu kuko ibiti cimeza nivyo usanga bimenyereye isi n-ibirere vyacu kandi bigashobora kubika uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima.
Ahantu hahanamye haterwa ibiti cimeza.
Gutera ibiti cimeza
Ubwoko bw'ibiti cimeza buboneka muri
Afrika y-ubuseruko
Gutera ivyatsi canke ibiti bikoreshwa nk-imbago
Ni vyiza gutera imbago z-ivyatsi canke ibiti hagati y-ahantu hakingiwe kugirango ubuze imiti yapompwe mu mirima kujana ha hantu hakingiwe. Birafasha no kugira ngo imirimo ukorera mu burimyi itabangamira aho hantu hakingiwe.
Ishamba
Imbago z-ivyatsi canke ibiti Umurima
Ibishanga Imbago z-ivyatsi
canke ibiti Umurima
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Guhuza uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima
Iyo ibikoko n-inyoni vyo mw-ishamba biva ahantu bija ahandi, bikeneye kugenda bica mu mashamba adafatanye kuko yagiye aratandukanywa n-imirima, ibikoko ntishobora
gutembera uko bishatse. Iyo umugezi w-amazi udafatanye n-ishamba ibikoko ntibishobora kuwugeramwo.
Fatanya amashamba aho ibikoko n-inyoni bishobora gutembera mu mwidegemvyo.
Udushamba dutoduto twagiye turahuzwa.
Mu guhuza uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima, ushobora gutera ibiti cimeza ku mpande z-imirima yawe ugahuza n-udushamba
dutoduto twagiye turasigara canke gukingira udushamba dusanzwe tuhari.
Kwishira n-ukwizana mu ruja n-uruza rw-ibikoko n-inyoni.
Kutagira umwidegemvyo
Amashamba yahonejwe agatandukanywa n-imirima bigatuma ibikoko n-inyoni
Uburyo bwo kubungabunga amazi
Igice ca 5
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Kuosha vifaa
Amazi ni igihambaye ku buzima bw-abantu n-ibikoko. Muri iki gice twigira hamwe ukuntu twobungabunga amazi akaguma ari meza n-ukuntu twokingira amasoko y-amazi.
Inyuma yo gupompa imiti, ukeneye ibikoresho vyawe n-ivyambarwa vyawe (PPE] amazi yakoreshejwe mu kuvyoza aba arimwo ubumara, nico gituma ashobora kwonona ibidukikije iyo adatunganijwe neza.
Ibikoresho ntibitegerezwa kwogerezwa mu nzuzi, mu myonga, canke mu bidengeri
Iyo upomfye imiti mu murima wawe w-imboga ogereza ibikoresho mu
murima wawe, ni waheza amazi
Iyo upomfye imiti ibitungwa, ogereza ibikoresho mu kinogo cabigenewe. Ico kinogo gitegerezwa kwuzuzwamwo amakara afasha kumimina amazi. Birabujijwe guca ibiti cimeza ubikuramwo amakara.
Icobo cuzuyemwo amakara
Wibuke kandi no kumesura impuzu zigukingira iyo utera imiti (PPE]. Amazi wakoresheje umesura uyasese aho twakubwiye.
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Imicafu y-amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo
Kumesurira ivyambarwa mu myonga bituma
yononekara. Gusesa amazi wakoresheje yo mu gikoni vyonona ibidukikije kandi bikorora imibu. Amazi
yakoreshejwe mu rugo nayo ategerezwa gutunganywa neza.
Iyo urugero rw-amazi akoreshwa mu rugo ari ruto, ashobora guseswa mu mufurege inyuma y-urugo iruhande y-uwo mufurege ushobora kuhatera ibitoke canke amateke kuko bishobora kunywa amazi ku buryo bworoshe.
Umuringoti w'imetero imwe
Gusesa amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo mu mufurege wimbwe mu murima uri inyuma y-urugo.
Umuv
Imitsinda y-ibitoke Amateke
Amazi yakoreshejwe
Iyo witegereje amazi atega mu murima, usanga ari amazi acafuye ari menshi cane kugira isi iyanywe canke ibigize iyo si n-ibiyiranga
bidatuma ayo mazi ashobora kwinjira ngo anyengetere muri iyo si. Iyo bimeze gutyo ushobora gushira umuringoti mu kuzimu ya mazi
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Kurandura ibiti vy-imikaratusi biteye iruhande y-imyonga.
Ibiti vy-imikaratusi biduha inkwi zo gucana ariko iyobitewe iruhande y-ahantu hari amazi, inzuzi, imyonga, canke amasoko y-amazi binywa amazi menshi ku buryo aho hantu hashobora kwuma. Iyo isoko canke umwonga vyumye bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw-umuryango wawe no ku babanyi bawe muri rusangi. Dukeneye gukingira amasoko y-amazi.
Guca ibiti vy-imikaratusi bitewe iruhande y-umwonga.
Inyuma yo guca ibiti vy-imikaratusi umwonga warasubiranye. Umwonga wumye kubera imikaratusi Ibiti vy-imikaratusi
Kutarima iruhande y-imyonga
Ntivyemewe kurima icayi canke ibindi biterwa iruhande y-imyonga. Mu gihe ivyo ubipomfye imiti ubumara bwayo bushobora kuja mu mazi bukayonona.
Kurima iruhande y-imyonga navyo bishobora gutuma inkukura ija mu mazi. Reka dupfuke imyonge mu gutera ibibingo n-ibindi vyatsi canke mu kuhatera ibiterwa bitadusaba guhora turima canke gushiramwo imiti.
Isi yatwawe n-inkukura Ubumara buja mu mazi
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Gutega amazi y-imvura
Amazi ni ingirakamaro mu buzima bwacu, kandi dukeneye kubika amazi akwiye mu buzima bwacu bwa minsi yose. Gutega amazi y-imvura ni uburyo bufise akamaro kandi bworoshe mukuronka amazi. Ushobora gutega amazi y-imvura ava ku nzu yawe akabikwa mu kigega c-amazi. Ushobora gukoresha ayo mazi mu nzu. Ushobora no kuyakoresha mu kuyanywa umaze kuyahingura canke ukayateka. Imvura ni isoko ry-amazi rikomeye. Nico gituma dutegerezwa kumenya neza ingene tuyakoresha.
Kudata imicafu mu migezi y-amazi
Guta imicafu mu migezi y-amazi nti birekuwe. Dukeneye gukingira imigezi y-amazi bituma amazi aguma ari meza ku nyungu z-ibikoko n-abantu.
Guta imicafu mu migezi y-amazi ni imwe mu ngingo zo kubuza urupapuro utayubahirije
Uburyo bwo gukingira isi
Igice ca 6
Kurwanya inkukura
Dukeneye gukingira isi mu ndimo nzacu kugira ntigume itwarwa n-inkukura.
Ahantu iyo hahanamye isi iratwarwa igihe cose. Iyo utarwanije inkukura ibintu bishobora kuguma biba nabi.
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Kugirango urwanye inkukura, utegerezwa gutera ibibingo n-ibiti cimeza ahantu hose ubona hashobora gutwarwa inkukura. Ibibingo bifata neza isi kandi bikagaburira n-ibitungwa.
Ibibingo
Guturira ntibirekuwe
Guturira vyica intabire n-udukoko dutodoto tuba mw-isi dutuma ivyatsi bibora
bivamwo. Guturira mu
gutegura isi imbere yo kurima ntivyemewe.
Guturira umurima imbere
yo kurima n’ingingo ikubuza urupapuro utazubahirije. Menya neza:
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Uburyo bwiza ku bakozi
n-ahantu heza ho gukorera
Igice ca 7
Uburaro bw-abakozi
Niwaba ukoresha abakozi mu murima bategerezwa gufatwa neza. Abakozi bakeneye amagara meza n-ahantu heza ho gukorera.
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Iyo ufise abakozi mu murima wawe, reka turabe ko baba heza, kandi bafise amagara meza.
1. Ivyumba
Ivyumba abakozi baryamamwo n-imiryango yabo, ntibitegerezwa kuba bibikwamwo imiti, amafumbire, amacupa canke imifuko iyo miti yavuyemwo. Ivyo vyumba ntibitegerezwa kuba biva ku gisenge canke ku mpome.
Igisenge cononekaye kandi kiva Imiti n-amafumbire mu vyumba Imipfuko y-amafumbire ku bihome
2. Igikoni
Iyo igikoni kidafise aho imyotsi isohokera, imyotsi iba iri mu gikoni ishobora gutera
ingorane zikomeye z-amagara, zikica amahaha n-amaso y-abakozi n-imiryango yabo. Igikoni gifise aho imyotsi isohokera gikingira amagara y-abakozi, kandi kigatuma amagara yabo aguma ari
meza. Umukozi abangamiwe n-umwotsi
w-itabi uva mu vyumba.
Igikoni ca kijambere gifise aho imyotsi isohokera. Ibi bituma igikoni gisa neza kigakoresha n-inkwi nke.
Umwotsi w-itabi
3. Utuzu twa surwumwe
Mu rugo rw-abakozi hategerezwa kuba harimwo.
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4. Aho bamesera Mu rugo rw-abakozi hategerezwa kuba hariho aho bamesera impuzu.
Ahateguriwe kumesera impuzu Kumesera impuzu mu mugezi
Gutanga amazi yo kunywa
Abakozi baba canke bakorera mu murima wawe bategerezwa kuronka amazi meza yo kunywa. Utegerezwa kuba igihe cose watetse amazi canke wayagiriye isuku kugirango abakozi bashobore kunywa amazi meza.
Ibikorwa vy-abana mu murima
Kirazira gutanga akazi ku mwana ari mu nsi y-imyaka 15 ngo akore nk-umukozi.
Ashobora gufasha mu murima mu gihe co nyene atari kwi-shure.
Abana bari munsi y-imyaka 15 bashobora gufasha imiryango yabo mu bikorwa bitandukanye mu gihe cose bitabuza kuja kw-ishure mu ngihe c-umutaga kandi bakaba badakora ibikorwa bibavuna canke bibagirira ingaruka mbi.
kudatanga akazi ku mwana ari munsi y-imyaka15 ni ingingo yokubuza
kuronka urupapuro utayubahirije.
Menya:
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Uburyo bwo gukingira umurima
Kubika inyandiko
Ni ngombwa ko ibikorwa bikorerwa mu murima wawe igirirwa inyandiko ikabikwa. Iyo ubitse inyandiko y-ibikorwa bikorerwa mu murima, ushobora kwibuka ibikorwa vyose vyakozwe mu gihe giheze ugatako ugashobora no kugira imigambi yo kurushirizaho.
Iyo baravye izo nyandiko abagenduzi bo hanze no mu gihugu nabo bashobora kubona uburyo wafashe umurima wawe.
Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu bikorwa ushobora kwerekana ku rugero rw-umurima:
Gupompa imiti iva mu mahinguriro Gupompa imiti
Abakozi bahawe akazi i Kwinjiza abakozi Gutera ibiti Umwimbu.
urupimo rw-umuti n-amafumbire
Izina ry-uwapomfye Ibikoresho vyakoreshejwe
Ivyo wokwandika mu gutera imiti n-amasey’ikizungu:
Ivyo wokwandika mu gukarisha ubwenge bw’abakozi:
Akazi ako ariko Amasaha y-akazi Umushahara
Ivyo wo kwandika mu guha akazi abakozi:
•
Abarimyi n-ishirahamwe ryabo ntibategerezwa kuvanga icayi cahawe urupapuro gikeneye kuvangurwa mu nzira zose zo kdandazwa; aho kugurirwa ku ma hangar, mu mamodokari aho gihingurirwa mu ruganda, kugera no kugipakira mu mipfuko imbere yo kugitwara ku masoko.
Kutavangura icayi caronse urupapuro n-ikitararuronka ni ingingo yo kubuza
kuronka urupapuro uwutayubahirije.
Menya neza:
Kuvangura mu ma modoka icayi caronse urupapuro.
Kuvangura icayi mu ruganda