Chem ch 6.ppt 1233KB Jun 23 2011 10:23:56 AM

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Chemistry Chapter 6

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Electronegativity

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• covalent bond

- pair of electrons shared

• formed when electronegativity difference is < 1.67 • form molecules

• Ex: H2O, NH3

• two types

:

• polar covalent (when elements are different)

• nonpolar covalent (in diatomic elements)

O2, N2 - 100% covalent due to equal

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• ionic bond

- atoms bonded due to different charges (electrons transferred)

• formed when electronegativity difference is > 1.67 • form ionic compounds

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• ionic compounds

• high melting point • soluble in water

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Molecular Shapes

electron

dot angle hybrid.

•group 1

•linear

180°

no

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Molecular Shapes

electron

dot angle hybrid.

•group 2

•linear

180°

sp

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Molecular Shapes

electron

dot angle hybrid.

•group 13

•trigonal planar

120°

sp

2

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Molecular Shapes

electron

dot angle hybrid.

•group 14

•tetrahedral

109.5° sp

3

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Molecular Shapes

electron

dot angle hybrid.

•group 15

•pyramidal

vary

no

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Molecular Shapes

electron

dot angle hybrid.

•group 16

•bent

vary

no

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Molecular Shapes

electron

dot angle hybrid.

•group 17

•Linear

180°

no

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Organic Chemistry

•Organic = carbon

•Organic Compounds:

•Alkanes

Alcohols

•Alkenes

Halogenated hydrocarbons

•Alkynes

Alkyl side chains

Organic Acids

Esters

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Alkanes: hydrocarbons with

single bonds (R)

1.methane

2.ethane

3.propane

4.butane

5.pentane

6. hexane

7. heptane

8. octane

9. nonane

10. decane

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methane

ethane propane

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Alkenes - hydrocarbons with

double bonds

1.

2.ethene

3.propene

4.butene

5.pentene

Ex: 2-butene

6. hexene

7. heptene

8. octene

9. nonene

10. decene

1-pentene 3-heptene

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Alkynes - hydrocarbons with

double bonds

1.

2.ethyne

3.propyne

4.butyne

5.pentyne

Ex: 1-butyne

6. hexyne

7. heptyne

8. octyne

9. nonyne

10. decyne

2-pentyne 1-heptyne

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Alcohols : R-OH

1.methanol

2.ethanol

3.propanol

4.butanol

5.pentanol

Or methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, etc…

Ex: 2-butanol

6. hexanol

7. heptanol

8. octanol

9. nonanol

10. decanol

1-pentanol 1-heptanol

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Alkyl sidechains

Ex: methyl propane

methyl butane

2 - methyl pentane

3 - ethyl heptane

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Halogenated hydrocarbons

(alkyl halides): R-X

Examples:

bromomethane

chloroethane

2 - fluoro pentane

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O

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Esters

alcohol + organic acid ---> ester + water

---yl ----oic

Ex: butyl ethanoate

methanol + ethanoic acid ----> methyl ethanoate

propanol + ethanoic acid ---> propyl ethanoate

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L to J Chemistry 0 2 4 6 8 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Week

Correct

Expected Correct Average Correct

L to J Chemistry

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Week Correct

Total Correct

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L to J Chemistry 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Week

Correct

Total Correct

L to J Chemistry

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Week Correct

Average Correct Expected Correct