SATYA WIDYA YUDHA
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND
INDONESIA’S NDC:
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR A
SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Circular Economy Forum
Jakarta Convention Center
12 July 2017
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Theoretical basis: David W. Pearce & R. Kerry Turner, 1990
Primary thesis
The current economic system does not
provide any real incentive for recycling;
almost all products; almost all products
are manufactured to be ultimately
disposed of.
The future: circular economy
Reuse, refurbish, remanufacture, recycle
Status quo: linear economy
Take, make, dispose ->
WASTEFUL
NO WASTE
In 2015 the EU implemented a new Circular Economy Package, designed to
encourage the system by funding implementaAon efforts as well as seCng up
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Responding to global sustainability problems
Global Household Expenditure
1970: USD7 trillion
2012: USD25 trillion
Global GDP (Business As Usual)
2010: -1.6%
2030: -3.2%
Waste
2025: ± 2.2 trillion kilograms of waste
produced in urban settings alone
Commodity Prices
Increased 3x in the last 10 years
Climate Change & Environmental
Effects
Consistently worsening conditions from
year to year as a result of rising industrial
and household emissions
Global Resource Needs
2014: 50 billion tons
2050: 130 billion ton
Annual Raw Material Extraction
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Fundamental and comprehensive change in economic activities
BUSINESS AS USUAL
Example of circular economy:
The
Mud Jeans
brand in the
Netherlands: jeans are rented
un2l outworn, then returned and
recycled and made into new
LOCAL INITIATIVES IN CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Examples of locally-based dissemination and sustainable processing
Cattle dung-powered biogas
reactor, Padang (PT Swen IT)
Local recyclers, Indonesia Plastic
Recyclers Association (ADUPI)
3,400 units in 243 regencies/
cities in 33 provinces
400,000 tons of plastic a year are
recycled from a total of 3–4
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND NDC
A Zero-Waste Economy to Support Reducing Emissions
No. Sector
2010 (Million
Tons of CO2e)
2030 Emissions Levels (Million Tons of CO2e)
Emissions ReducAons
Million Tons of CO2e % of total BAU
CM1 = Counter Measure 1 (uncondi'onal mi2ga2on scenario)
CM2 = Counter Measure 2 (condi'onal mi2ga2on scenario)
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND NDC
Emissions mitigation in the waste sector: in-line with the circular economy
URBAN SOLID WASTE SECTOR
BAU CM1 CM2
MiAgaAon steps in the processing of solid waste, an incrase in LFG recovery implementaAon from 2010 to 2030.
No mi2ga2on steps.
LFG recovery reduces CH4 from
0.65% to 10%.
LFG recovery reduces CH4 from
0.65% to 10%.
Increase in the percentage of waste handled through
composAng and 3 R (paper).
No mi2ga2on steps.
Increase to 22% in
Increase in the uAlizaAon of waste through waste-fired power plants/ RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel).
No mi2ga2on steps.
- Up to 3% of total waste in 2020 and increasing to 5% in 2030. and increasing to 5% in 2030.
- Development of waste-fired power plants in 12 ci2es
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND NDC
Emissions mitigation in the power sector: in-line with the circular economy
ENERGY SECTOR
BAU CM1 CM2
UAlizaAon of renewables (solar, wind, and biomass/ waste) and efficient
technologies in power
generators in accordance with General ElectrificaAon Plans for 2016–2025.
No usage of renewables and efficient technologies.
Increase in renewables usage and efficient
technologies.
Increase in renewables usage.
100% penggan2an minyak tanah menjadi
bahan bakar gas.
More extensive usage of ultra supercri2cal
technology (44% efficiency) in coal-fired
power plants. Increase in use of
superefficient energy equipment (best available technology, BAT) in industry, commerce, and residences in 2030.
0% penetra2on. 10% penetra2on. 20% penetra2on.
Increase in use of biofuel in the transportaAon sector in 2030.
No increase.
Increase up to 5% of total energy from the transporta2on sector.
Increase up to 10% of total energy from the transporta2on sector.
In an ideal circular
economy model, all
acAvity is powered by
IPPU SECTOR
BAU CM1 CM2
Management of industrial
processes and product use (IPPU) in large industries.
No mi2ga2on in industrial processes.
Reducing “clinker to cement ra2o” in the cement industry (blended cement) from 80% in
2010 to 75% in 2030.
Increasing amount of cement companies that reduce their
“clinker to cement
ra2o” (blended cement) from 80% in 2010 to 75% in 2030. Ammonia industry: increase in
efficiency through op2miza2on of natural gas usage (feedstock)
and CO2 recovery in Primary Reformers.
Ammonia industry: increase in efficiency through op2miza2on of natural gas usage (feedstock)
and CO2 recovery in Primary Reformers.
Other steps:
- Steel industry to implement: CO2 recovery, process
improvement in smelters, u2liza2on of scrap iron - Remainder of IPPU claims
(PFCs) from CDM aluminum smelters.
Other steps:
- Steel industry to implement: CO2 recovery, process
improvement in smelters, u2liza2on of scrap iron - Remainder of IPPU claims
(PFCs) from CDM aluminum smelters.
