HIDROGEOLOGI UMUM (GL-3081) MINGGU KE-1

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HIDROGEOLOGI UMUM (GL-3081)

Materi kuliah dapat didownload di www.fiktm.itb.ac.id/kk-geologi_terapan

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MINGGU KE-1

PENDAHULUAN

Oleh:

Prof.Dr.Ir. Deny Juanda Puradimaja, DEA

Asisten:

Dr. D. Erwin Irawan

1 Couse note for ITB student. Permission for other uses to Prof. Deny Juanda Puradimaja

Kesepakatan Umum Perkuliahan

GL-3081 Hidrogeologi Umum

GL 3081 Hidrogeologi Umum

Kuliah diadakan setiap hari Kamis pagi pukul 07.30

Absensi penting (80%)

Praktikum penting (menentukan kelulusan)

Komposisi penilaian menyesuaikan kondisi:Komposisi penilaian menyesuaikan kondisi:

UTS UAS Praktikum Absensi l Kelas

Pemberitahuan ketidakhadiran dalam bentuk surat.

Referensi:

FOR ITB STUDENTS ONLY

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SOAL TES KEMAMPUAN DASAR

1. Jelaskan arti suatu siklus hidrologi!

2 Jelaskan keterdapatan air di bawah permukaan!

2. Jelaskan keterdapatan air di bawah permukaan!

3. Apa yang saudara ketahui mengenai akifer dan akitar? 4. Jelaskan perbedaan permeabilitas dan porositas!p p p

5. Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan uji pompa! 6. Apa yang dimaksud dengan garis pisometrik?

7 A di k d d t i itif tif d

7. Apa yang dimaksud dengan artesis positif, negatif, dan nol?

8 Apa yang saudara ketahui mengenai rezim aliran

8. Apa yang saudara ketahui mengenai rezim aliran airtanah!

9. Apa yang saudara ketahui mengenai fenomena intrusip y g g airlaut?

10. Jelaskan konsep manajemen airtanah yang saudara k t h i!

ketahui!

Couse note for ITB student. Permission for other uses to Prof. Deny Juanda Puradimaja

PENDAHULUAN

Sasaran :

Memahami sejarah ilmu hidrogeologi

Memahami definisi yang berkaitan dengan

hidrogeologi:

akifer dan jenis media akifer

tipologi dan geometri akifer

cekungan hidrogeologi dan siklus airtanah

FOR ITB STUDENTS ONLY

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Water Dowsing

Couse note for ITB student. Permission for other uses to Prof. Deny Juanda Puradimaja

Ancient World

I

hi t i ti

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btl

d

In prehistoric times, springs doubtless served as an

important source of water for both nomadic and

agrarian peoples

agrarian peoples.

Today we know that springs are fed by ground water,

which is in turn fed by infiltrating

precipitation. Ancient peoples did not have this

knowledge.

g

However, they eventually found that wells could be

dug to tap ground water in places were springs did not

g

p g

p

g

exist, or where springs and streams were not perennial.

FOR ITB STUDENTS ONLY

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Ancient World

Qanat or kanat (Iran dan Mesir)

Qanat di Armenia (721-705 BC).

400 feet di bawah tanah dengan panjang 20 mil.

g

p

j

g

Middle Ages

E

th

t L

d d Vi

i (1452 1519)

Even the great Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519)

maintained the concept of a hydrologic cycle in which

underground veins of water rose from the sea to the

mountains, where they issued forth as rivers. During this

underground passage the salt was filtered out. This concept

id

ti l t

f th

t

t f th b G

k

was identical to some of the concepts put forth by Greeks

such as Plato.

The first person to provide a correct written explanation of

the origin of rivers and springs and the hydrologic cycle

was a Frenchman, Bernard Palissy (1510? - 1590)

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FOR ITB STUDENTS ONLY

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A Roman well found a few months ago during excavation for the new building at Lancaster Police Station. One of g four wells discovered, this being the only one not already filled with ancient rubble, it was 8m deep and holding about 1m of water. It's now been gravel filled and concrete capped (www.10000things.org.uk). Ancient water well, Roman Age (www 10000things org uk) (www.10000things.org.uk).

FOR ITB STUDENTS ONLY

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Beginnings of Qualitative Hydrogeology

Pi

P

lt (1608 1680)

d

t d

f th

Pierre Perrault (1608-1680) made a study of the

upper stream of the Seine River.

H

d th

l

i f ll

ll

He measured the average annual rainfall over a small

part of the upper the Seine basin well as the annual

discharge of the river from that catchment

discharge of the river from that catchment.

rainfall was six times the amount that flowed in the

Seine thus proving that precipitation was more than

Seine, thus proving that precipitation was more than

enough to supply the water in the Seine

Beginnings of Quantitative Hydrogeology

Henry Darcy (1803 1858) a French civil Henry Darcy (1803 - 1858), a French civil

engineer, was the first person to determine the mathematical law that governs the flow of ground water, which is now known as Darcy’s Law.

It was based on experiments that he made on the flow of

water through sand filters He published it in an appendix water through sand filters. He published it in an appendix to his report on a new water supply for the City of Dijon, France.

the flow of water through a sand filter was a function of

the pressure head across the filter, the cross sectional area of the filter and the nature of the sand

of the filter and the nature of the sand

FOR ITB STUDENTS ONLY

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Modern Era of Hydrogeology

C V Th i f th U S G l i l S

C. V. Theis of the U. S. Geological Survey

published two papers of fundamental importance,

one in 1935 and one in 1938:

1935 paper: quation to describe the decline of

the piezometric (potentiometric) surface in a p (p ) fully confined aquifer due to the withdrawal of water via a well. (confined or semiconfined aquifers).

1938 th f ti f i l f

1938 paper: the formation of a regional cone of

depression and its impact on the dynamic equilibrium of the aquifer.q

Tren Riset Hidrogeologi di Dunia

Saat ini: 20 tema riset di bidang hidrogeologi hidrogeologi. Masa depan: Tema riset Tema riset adalah pendalaman dan inovasi dalam b pengembangan ilmu dan teknologi dibidang dibidang hidrogeologi dengan tujuan untuk hi memenuhi

FOR ITB STUDENTS ONLY

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D fi i i I il h Bid

S

b d

Ai

Definisi Istilah Bidang Sumberdaya Air

Hidrometeorologi : Ilmu yang mempelajari

keterdapatan dan sifat fisik air atmosfer.

Hidrologi : Ilmu yang mempelajari keterdapatan

dan sifat fisik – hidrolik air permukaan

dan sifat fisik hidrolik air permukaan.

Hidrogeologi : Ilmu yang mempelajari

keterdapatan, sifat fisik – hidrolik, dan perilaku

airtanah (zona jenuh).

Berbagai Bidang Kajian Hidrogeologi

Contoh Kajian Bidang

Eksplorasi airtanah untuk penyediaan air bersih

Penyediaan air bersih

Contoh Kajian Bidang

Pencemaran limbah industri

Pencemaran airtanah

Survei potensi airtanah di kawasan binaan

Perencanaan wilayah

hidrodinamika airtanah untuk melacak migrasi

Ek l i hid k b

Tanah longsor dan penurunan permukaan tanah

Masalah geologi teknik

hidrodinamika airtanah untuk melacak migrasi minyak

Eksplorasi hidrokarbon

Alterasi Hidrotermal

Eksplorasi endapan mineral

Aliran airtanah di kawasan lapangan panas bumi

Energi panas bumi

Survei salinitas dalam airtanah

Intrusi air laut

FOR ITB STUDENTS ONLY

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Peristilahan

HIDROGEOLOGI Bahasa Indonesia Bahasa Inggris HIDROGEOLOGI GEOHIDROLOGY GEOHIDROLOGI GEOLOGIHIDRO Hydrogeology GEOHIDROLOGI HIDROGEOLOGI Geohydrology GEOLOGIHIDRO GEOLOGI AIRTANAH Groundwater Geology

•Berdasarkan substansi yang dibahas :

Hydrogeology identik dengan Groundwater Geology

Geohydrology berbeda dengan Hydrogeology dan Groundwater Geology.

Beberapa Definisi

Sumber Study of Subsurface water

Study of Surface water

Meinzer (1939) Geohydrology (subterranean Surface hydrology De Wiest (1965) Hydrology Hydrography and hydrometry Mead (1919) in Davis and De Wiest (1966) Hydrogeology = study of the

laws of the occurrence and hydrology) =

movement of subterranean waters.

De Wiest (1965) Hydrogeology (general terms),

H d é l i (B l i Hydrogéologie (Belgia, Perancis)

Hidrogeologia (Amerika Latin) = study of groundwater with study of groundwater with

HIDROGEOLOGI UMUM (GL-3081) MINGGU KE-1