SOLAR POWER
By
Juan Constantine 1-1111-025
BACHELOR’S DEGREE in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING – MECHATRONICS CONCENTRATION FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY EduTown BSD City
Tangerang 15339 Indonesia
August 2015
Revision after the Thesis Defense on 13 August 2015
Juan Constantine STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.
Juan Constantine
_____________________________________________
Student Date
Approved by:
Yunita Umniyati, S.Si., M.Sc., PhD
_____________________________________________
Thesis Advisor Date
Dipl. –Ing. Wahyu Guritno, M.Si.
_____________________________________________
Thesis Co-Advisor Date
Dr. Ir. Gembong Baskoro, M.Sc.
_____________________________________________
Dean Date
Juan Constantine ABSTRACT
IMPLEMENTATION OF PLATAFORMA SOLAR DE ALMERIA (PSA) ALGORITHM IN DUAL-AXIS SOLAR TRACKER TO CONCENTRATE
SOLAR POWER
By
Juan Constantine
Yunita Umniyati, S.Si., M.Sc., PhD, Advisor Dipl- Ing Wahyu Guritno, M.Si., Co-Advisor
SWISS GERMAN UNIVERISTY
The needs of energy is rising and the fossil energy sources are falling off. Therefore, renewable energy source such as solar energy is needed. The solar energy can be converted into usable energy such as thermal energy. One of the method is to concentrate solar power from a large area into a small area. Solar tracking is an important system to increase the efficicency in collecting thermal energy from sun.
The position of the sun for sun can be determined using solar position algorithm. The algorithm used is from Plataforma Solar de Almeria, Spain and has been tested. The algorithm can accurately calculate the position of the sun based on location, time, and date. The two axis mechanism for solar tracking has been developed. For this thesis, the function of solar tracking is to concentrate the solar energy to heat water. One litre of water can be boiled in 15 minutes.
Keywords: implemetntation, plataforma solar de Almeria, solar tracker, concentrates solar power.
Juan Constantine
© Copyright 2015 by Juan Constantine
All rights reserved
Juan Constantine DEDICATION
I dedicate this works for myself and my family, especially my mother.
Juan Constantine ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In compeletion of this thesis, I get many helps from my family, friends, relatives, and lecturer. I realize that I cannot do everything alone.
I wish to thank my mother and father for the financial and moral support.
I wish to thank Mr. Henry and his workshop, PT. Inti Prima for providing me helps in manufacuring the mechanical, suggestion, and place to test this thesis project.
I wish to thank my advisor, Mrs. Yunita Umniyati and my co-advisor, Mr. Wahyu Guritno for the advise and support in completion of this thesis.
I wish to thank Mr. Erikson and Mr. Cepi Hanafi for the suggestion in my work and Mr. Rusman Rusyadi for the idea and motivation for this thesis.
I wish to thank my friends for being my friends, for the sharing and caring.
Juan Constantine
Table of Contents
STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR ... 2
ABSTRACT ... 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... 6
LIST OF FIGURES ... 10
LIST OF TABLES ... 12
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ... 13
1.1 Background ... 13
1.2 Objectives ... 14
1.3 Hypothesis... 14
1.4 Thesis Scopes and Limitations... 14
1.5 Thesis Organization ... 15
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ... 16
2.1 Theoretical Perspectives ... 16
2.1.1 Sun ... 16
2.1.2 Solar energy conversion system... 18
2.1.3 Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) ... 19
2.1.4 Parabola... 21
2.1.5 Solar tracking ... 22
2.1.6 Position Solar Tracking Algorithm ... 23
2.2 Previous Studies ... 23
2.2.1 Design and Development of a Parabolic Dish Solar Water Heater ... 23
2.2.2 Designing and constructing a self-sustaining portable solar energy collector with a mounted tracking device ... 24
2.2.3 Computing Solar Vector ... 25
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODS ... 27
3.1 Mechanical parts ... 27
Juan Constantine
3.1.1 Parabolic Dish ... 27
3.1.2 Elevation system ... 28
3.1.3 Reflective Material... 29
3.1.4 Azimuth system ... 30
3.1.5 Bearing ... 31
3.1.6 Chain drive ... 32
3.2 Electrical Components ... 33
3.2.1 Permanent Magnet Brushed DC Motor ... 33
3.2.2 Arduino Mega 2560 ... 41
3.2.3 Motor driver ... 41
3.2.4 Real-time clock ... 42
3.2.5 Potentiometer ... 43
3.2.6 Thermocouple ... 45
3.2.7 Max6675 ... 45
3.2.8 SD card Module ... 47
3.2.9 Bluetooth Module ... 48
3.2.10 DC Power Supply ... 49
3.2.11 Step-down DC-DC ... 49
3.2.12 Electrical components assembly ... 50
3.3 Sun position algorithm PSA calculation ... 50
3.4 Program Flowchart... 52
3.5 Thermal energy calculation of water heater... 56
Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 59
4.1 Testing overview ... 59
4.1.1 Problems ... 60
4.2 Sun position algorithm comparison ... 61
4.3 Sun and tracker angle comparison ... 62
Juan Constantine
4.4 Thermal energy collection ... 65
4.4.1 With solar tracking ... 65
4.4.2 Without Solar tracking ... 67
Chapter 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 70
5.1 Conclusions ... 70
5.2 Recommendations ... 70
APPENDIX A : Program Code... 71
APPENDIX B: Datasheets ... 77
APPENDIX C: Technical Drawing ... 84
APPENDIX D: Bills of Materials ... 94
Bibliography ... 95
Curriculum Vitae ... 96
