Palm Sugar (Arenga Pinata) Implementation As Biosecurity Pre-transportation System On Blood Glucose And Glycogen On Broiler.

SCIENTIFIC PAPERS

SERIES D. ANIMAL SCIENCE

SCIENTIFIC PAPERS

SERIES D

ANIMAL SCIENCE

Volume LVI

University of Agronomic Sciences

and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest

Faculty of Animal Science

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

x Stelian ACATINCĂI - University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat,

Timiúoara, Romania

x Vasco A.P. CADAVEZ - Departamento de Ciência Animal & Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança - Portugal Serghei CHILIMAR - Academy of Agricultural Sciences - Republic of Moldova

x Mioara COSTACHE - S.C.D.P. Nucet

x Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN - University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

x Georgeta DINIğĂ - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania x Cătălin DRAGOMIR - I.N.C.D.B.N.A. - Baloteúti

x Nicolae EREMIA - Agricultural State University of Moldova, Republic of Moldova

x Horia GROSU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania x Mihaela HĂBEANU - I.N.C.D.B.N.A. – Baloteúti

x Mostafa A.R. IBRAHIM - University of Kafrelsheikh, Egipt x Ondrej KADLECÍK - Slovak Agricultural University Nitra, Slovacia x Yusuf KONCA - Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

x Monica Paula MARIN - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania

x Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania

x Mircea POP - University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaúi, Romania

x Agata POPESCU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania x Elena POPESCU – MICLOùANU - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of

Bucharest, Romania

x ùtefan POPESCU - VIFOR - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania

x Daniela RADU - S.C.D.P. Nucet

x Paul Rodian TĂPĂLOAGĂ - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania

x Ilie VAN - University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania

EDITORIAL BOARD

General Editor: Prof. Ph.D. Gheorghe Emil MĂRGINEAN Executive Editor: Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Monica Paula MARIN

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Copyright 2013

To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series D. Animal Science, Volume LVI, 2013

The publishers are not responsible for the content of the scientific papers and opinions published in the Volume. They represent the authors’ point of view.

SUMMAR

Y

GENETICS AND BREEDING

Identification of PIT-1 gen using PCR-RFLP and genetic evaluation of haching weight using paternal halb sib on indegenous breed singing cockerel Pelung - Sri Bandiati Komar PRAJOGA, Kundrat HIDAYAT, Perman IMAN ……… 11 Pastoralism and the Romanian history. Sheep breeds-people, languages, genes in Northern Carpathians and Pannonia Basin - Condrea DRAGANESCU ……….. 16 History of genetic evaluation methods in dairy cattle I. Daughter-dam comparisons - Horia GROSU, Sorin LUNGU, Pascal Anton OLTENACU ……….……… 25 Genetic diversity of Karya and Çine Çapari sheep - Onur YILMAZ, Ibrahim CEMAL, Orhan KARACA, Nezih ATA, Semih SEVIM, Mehmet OZTURK ………... 31 Birth weights and growth performances of hair goat kids raised in Denizli province of Turkey - Ibrahim CEMAL, Onur YILMAZ, Orhan KARACA ………... 36 Study of genetic diversity of three Portuguese cattle breeds by 93 micro satellite markers - Armandina ALMEIDA, José P. P. ARAÚJO, Ivica MEDUGORAC, Vasco A.P. CADAVEZ ……… 41 Calpastatin gene polymorphism in Çine Çapari and Karya sheep - Nezih ATA, Ibrahim CEMAL ……… 48 Genetic characterisation of populations of cattle of Holstein breed, cultivated in the Republic of Moldova - Alexandra KONSTANDOGLO, Valentin FOKSHA ……….. 52

NUTRITION

Chemical composition and nutritional value of the fodder grown in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova - Larisa CAISIN, Vasile HAREA, Vasile VRANCEAN ………… 61 The metabolic utilization of iron and copper in the young swine organism - Monica MARIN, Dumitru DRAGOTOIU, Carmen NICOLAE, Georgeta DINITA, Iuliana MARIN…………... 67 Use of chrome trace for vital activities functions stimulation of Apis mellifera bee colonies - Valentina CEBOTARI, I. TODERAS, I. BUZU, V. RUDIC ………... 73 Effect of artificial molted brown laying hens on production of DHA enriched eggs - Natasha GJORGOVSKA, Kiril FILEV, Vasil KOSTOV, Vesna LEVKOV ……… 78 Characteristic and growth pattern of Brachiaria humidicola cv. tully underneath coconuts plantation - Selvie D. ANIS, M.A. CHOZIN, David A. KALIGIS ……….. 82 Investigation of L. monocytogenes – HEp-2 cells relationships by culture based and microscopy tools - Marius Eduard CAPLAN, Lorena Andreea MATEESCU ………...

86

Microelements and their chelate forms in nutrition of monogastric animals: a review - Vidica STANAûEV, Nikola PUVAýA, Dragan MILIû, Vladislav STANAûEV, Milanka DRINIû ……….. 90 The effect of feeding intervals on the level of glucose, triglyceride, percentageof abdominal fat and carcass quality on broiler chickens - Elvia HERNAWAN, Tuti WIDJASTUTI ……… 97 Nutritive evaluation of ammoniated Benggala grass and fermented Sago waste - Ronny A. V. TUTUROONG, SOEBARINOTO, HARTUTIK, Ch. KAUNANG ………..…………. 102 A study on babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa celebensis) in tropical forest of Northern part of Sulawesi - B. TULUNG, J.F. UMBOH, A.F. PENDONG ……… 107 Effect of free choice feeding based on emmer, triticale and wheat to japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on performance, inner organs and intestinal viscosity - Yusuf KONCA, Selma BÜYÜKKILIÇ BEYZI ……….. 113

Protean nutrition optimization for cows with high milk production by using an unproteic natrium source associated with energy and mineral supplements - Roxana ARGHIRIADE, Dumitru DRĂGOTOIU, Monica MARIN, TomiĠa DRĂGOTOIU, Izabela OPREA ……... 120 Evaluation of fructan contents in the taproots of plants Lactuca serriola L.and Sonchus oleraceus L. - Nadezhda PETKOVA, Panteley DENEV ... 125

REPRODUCTION,PHYSIOLOGY,ANATOMY

Studies on improving local sheep breeds fertility in Egypt - Mostafa Abdel Rahman

IBRAHIM ………... 135

Dynamicstudiesinbroilerchickennaturalimmunefactors- Tsvetoslav KOYNARSKI,

Lilyan SOTIROV ……….. 144

Maintenance of reproductive health when using mexidolin the course of a sperm

cryopreservation- Iulia CAZACOV, Melania BUCARCIUC, Gheorghe BORONCIUC, Ion

BALAN, Vladimir BUZAN, Nicolae ROùCA, Ion MEREUğA ……….. 148

Cervical insemination in Karya sheep - Orhan KARACA, Onur YILMAZ, Ibrahim

CEMAL ……….. 152

Molecular biology studies of protein synthesis and 45Ca transport in striated and

cardiac muscle of rabbits withexperimental glandulardys functions - Flory REVNIC,

Bogdan PALTINEANU, Gabriel PRADA, Gabriel Ovidiu DINU, Speranta PRADA, Cristian Romeo REVNIC, Cosmin ùONEA, Cătălina PENA ………... 157

Researchesregardingage,breedandcollectingseasoninfluencein qualityand quantity

boarssemen- Paul-Rodian TĂPĂLOAGĂ, Alexandru ùONEA, Alexandru IANCU, Elena

MITRĂNESCU ………. 161

Milk quantityand qualityinadairyunit-studycase- Paul-Rodian TAPALOAGA …….. 166

Improvingrepeat breedercowsfertilitybyestrussynchronization:comparisonofPRID

+ PGF2ALFA + GnRHandGnRH+ PGF2ALFA + GnRH protocols- Osman ERGENE ……. 172

TECHNOLOGIESOFANIMALHUSBANDRY

Theeffect ofusingPietrainbreedonimprovingcarcass qualityon pigs- Ilie ROTARU . 177

BreedingHolsteinorNorwegianRedinAlbania? - Ylli BIÇOKU, Kujtim GJONI ……... 181

StudyregardingreproductiveisolationinRomaniansport horsefrom Jegăliastudfarm

-Mariana VODĂ, Gheorghe MĂRGINEAN ………..……… 188

Research regarding evolution of heavy weight of young ramsin Teleorman’s Black

Headsheep - Andi FIğA, Ion CĂLIN ………. 190

Theutilizationof fast food waste product on the proteinefficiencyration oflocalmale

duck - Tuti WIDJASTUTI, Hery SUPRATMAN, Sjafril DARANA, Anggana

KHATULISTIWA ………. 192

DairysectorinAlbania-challengesand perspectives- Ylli BIÇOKU, Merita URUÇI … 197

Great bustard restocking in Eurasia - Cristina GARLEA, Marcel Th.

PARASCHIVESCU, Florin RADU ……….. 203

The pollutionlevel of teniosisinshepherdsandimpact ofsomeof theminapparition

anddevelopment ofcenuriosisfocus pointsinyoungsheep - Octavian NEGREA, Vioara

MIREùAN, Grigore ONACIU, Camelia RĂDUCU, Flore CHIRILĂ, Zamfir MARCHIù, Octavia NEGREA ……….. 209

Some aspects concerning the incidence of podal disorders in cattle reared and

maintained in free system - Octavian NEGREA, Vioara MIREùAN, Grigore ONACIU,

Camelia RĂDUCU, Liviu OANA, Flore CHIRILĂ, Adriana CRISTE, Zamfir MARCHIù … 213

The umbilical ring of ruminants, natural gate for transponder implant into the

preperitonealspace- Sorin LUNGU, Anca LUNGU, Horia GROSU ……… 217

7

Studyabout influenceoffeed parametersonslaughtering performancesincertificate

-type broilers - Ioan CUSTURĂ, Maria Antoaneta POPA, Ilie VAN, Minodora

TUDORACHE, Elena POPESCU-MICLOùANU, Livia VIDU ………... 221

Research on influence of nutritional parameters on unit costs in bio type broiler

carcasses- Minodora TUDORACHE, Maria Antoaneta POPA, Ilie VAN, Ioan CUSTURĂ,

Elena POPESCU-MICLOùANU, Livia VIDU ……….. 225

Researchesconcerning total watercontent ofbroiler- Maria Antoaneta POPA …………. 229

Cattleandsmallruminant breedingactivitiesinTurkey- Ali Murat TATAR, Muhittin

TUTKUN, Halit Deniz SIRELI ………. 233

Study on density in shelter and the effect of a vitamin-mineral selenium premix in

young quails of the Baloteúti population - Lucian IONIğĂ, Elena POPESCU -

MICLOùANU, Consuela ROIBU ………. 237

Researchonbee keepingdevelopment in theSouthernRomania – a questionairebased

survey- Ion PÎRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU ………... 245

Considerations on the C.E.E.Cs’ position in the EU-27 poultrymeat production and

foreign trade- Ion PÎRVUTOIU, Agatha POPESCU ……… 253

Comparativestudyof the qualitiesofcowsfromMoldovian typeofBlack Spottedand

RedofSteppebreeds- Serghei CHILIMAR ……….. 260

Theeffect ofSpirulina sp. populationdensities towardreductionofBOD5 andCODof

beef cattleslurry- Tubagus Benito Achmad KURNANI, Yuli Astuti HIDAYATI, Eulis

Tanti MARLINA ……….. 268

Palmsugar (Arengapinata) implementationasbiosecurity pre-transportationsystemon

bloodglucoseandglycogenonbroiler- Fredy J. NANGOY, S. DARANA, L. ADRIANI,

T. WIDJASTUTI, P. EDIANINGSIH, H.A.W. LENGKEY ……… 272

Partial results regarding the exploitation and morpho-productive traits for Alpina

breed goats in South of the country - Iulian VLAD, Marius MAFTEI, Daniela

IANITCHI, Mirela STANCIU, Andi FITA ………. 277

Using feed additive (complex symbiotic) in stimulating feeding of bees - Nicolae

EREMIA ………. 282

TECHNOLOGIESOFTHEAGROFOODPRODUCTSPROCESSING

Development of heat-stable fruit fillings using gellan gum as stabilizer - Janna

CROPOTOVA, Svetlana POPEL, Lidia PARSHAKOVA ………. 291

Fermentation of sugarcane (Saccharumofficinarum L.) bagasse hydrolyzate by Pichia

stipitis,Saccharomycescerevisiae,Zymomonasmobilis to ethanol- Ratu SAFITRI, In-In

HANIDAH, Toto SUBROTO ……….. 296

Blood glucoseand triglycerideprofileusingAlpinia galanga(L.) /lengkuas juice- Lovita

ADRIANI ……….. 300

Hydrolysis of sago pith powder (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) in enzymatic and

fermentation of hydrolyzate by Pichia stipitis CBS 5773, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

D1/P3GI, and Zymomonasmobilis FNCC 0056 toethanol- Ratu SAFITRI, Abi WIYONO 305

Sparkling wine quality in a Romanian wine processing unit-study case - Dana

TAPALOAGA ………... 311

A better start in bread quality-ultra fiber and other plant ingredients - Dana

TAPALOAGA ………... 315

Particularities regarding processing technology in a catering unit - Carmen Daniela

PETCU ………... 321

Researches concerning some meat products control in a specialized unit - Carmen

Daniela PETCU ………. 323

A way to prevent syneresis in fruit fillings prepared with gellan gum - Janna

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT,FISHERYANDAQUACULTURE

Helminthcommunitiesoffishesfrom theriverDanubeandlake Srebarna,Bulgaria

-Diana KIRIN, Vladimira HANZELOVÁ, Sonya SHUKEROVA, Stefan HRISTOV, Ludmila TURCEKOVÁ, Marta SPAKULOVA ……….. 333

Biodiversity and ecological appraisal of the freshwater ecosystem of the riverArda,

Bulgaria - D. KIRIN, V. HANZELOVÁ, S. SHUKEROVA, S. HRISTOV, ď.

TURýEKOVÁ, M. SPAKULOVA, T. BARCIOVÁ ……… 341

Daphnia test – ashortcut forhumanhealth protectionassessment - Rodne NASTOVA,

Nedeljka NIKOLOVA, Vasil KOSTOV ………. 349

Examination of content of heavy metals and pesticides in fish in the accumulation

Strezevo in theRepublicofMacedonia- Rodne NASTOVA, Vasil KOSTOV, Natasha

GJORGOVSKA ……… 354

Geneticevaluationina populationofFrasinet cyprinidsusedforselection tomaximize

meat production - Carmen Georgeta NICOLAE, Horia GROSU, Mioara COSTACHE,

Monica MARIN, Daniela RADU, Alin BÂDILITA, Victor NI܉Ă ………. 358

175

TECHNOLOGIES

OF ANIMAL

PALM

SUGAR

(

Arenga

pinata

)

IMPLEMENTATION

AS

BIOSECURIT

Y

PRE-TRANSPORTATION

S

Y

STEM

ON

BLOOD

GLUCOSE

AND

GL

Y

COGEN

ON

BROILER

Fredy J. NANGOY1, S. DARANA1, L. ADRIANI2, T. WIDJASTUTI2, P. EDIANINGSIH2,

H.A.W. LENGKEY2

1_{SamRatulangiUniversity,95115,Manado,Indonesia}

2

PadjadjaranUniversityBandung, Jln. RayaBandungSumedangKm. 21,Bandung,Indonesia

Correspondingauthoremail:lovita_yoghurt@yahoo.co.id

Abstract

Transport of broiler chicken pen to the slaughterhouse can lead to stress. Transportation stress substantially unavoidable, but it does not mean that the negative effects of stress can not be reduced. Efforts to suppress the detrimental effects of stress alternative transportation one can do with management prior to transportation, through provision of drinking water containing palm sugar (Arenga pinata). The objective of the study is to obtained the implementation and delivery of palm sugar pre-transportation to maintain the stability of broilers performance. The study was conducted on thirty five days in the Sumedang, West Java Indonesia. The transportation routes are held from the village carried Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag or 2 hours, Village Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag - Cipadung - Tanjungkarta - Cipadung - Nagrag or 3 hours, Village Bentar Cibitung - Cipadung - Nagrag - Cipadung - Nagrag - Congeang - Nagrag or 4 hours. Each car transport speed 50-60 km/hour. Research carried out by using the method of factorial experimental design Completely Randomized Experiment 3 x 3 x 3, Statistical tests performed to the influence of variance and differences between treatments were examined using different test real honest. A factor is the transportation of animal with three replications, namely A1 is a 2 hour transportation, A2 is a 3 hour transportation, A3

is a 4 hour transportation ; anti stress factor B with three replications, namely B1is palm sugar 2%, B2 is palm sugar 3%, B3palm sugar 4%. The study found that by implementation of palm sugar in different rations and drinking water

makes a decreased of blood glucose ranges from 4.72 up to 8.75 mg/dL, glycogen ranges from 120.27 up to 130.34 mg/g.

Key words: Palm sugar, transport stress, performance production, broiler chickens.

INTRODUCTION

Transportation of broiler chickens stricken areas of origin destination can cause stress. Factors that could be cause stress during transport, among others, mileage, time, duration, effects of temperature and humidity duringtransport. Stresstransportationofbroiler can make negative effects that cause high shrinkageofweightandslowingevencessation of body weight gain after arriving at the location of dismantling and cutting (Budinuryanto etal., 2000). There areseveral thingscan dotoreducethenegativeeffectsof transportation stress, namely: provision of adequate nutrition rationbefore transportation, selectionofbroilersbeforetransport,densityof broiler chickens in a box, setting ventilation and transport time. One function to maintain the biological safety of poultry especially broilers are ready to cut the traffic control system regarding biosecurity, so that all the

wayuntiltheendofthejourneyisstillobtained optimal performance. Transport to be one of themajorfactorsintradingsystemisaswellas the storage and processing of livestock (Mubyarto,1982).

Palmsugarasasourceofglucoseistheenergy sourceofnon-ruminantlivestockorenergyfor living organisms, and is absorbed in the bloodstream through the digestive tract. Disaccharide, sucrose or simultaneously absorbedmore quicklyasglucoseandfructose when broken down in the 'brush border' intestinal mucosal cells. Some glucose goes intofueland thento thebrain cells, whilethe rest to the liver and muscles to be stored as glycogen or animal starch and fat cells are stored as fat. G_{lycogen is stored in energy} sourcetobeconvertedbackintoglucosewhen energy is needed more. Palm sugar release energyslowlyorslowenergyrelease,sothere willbe anincreaseor decreasein blood sugar

272

suddenly, too high, or too low, as the main content of palm sugar is sucrose and then glucoseandfructose. sugar cane, sugar beet 17% (Burhanuddin, 2005). Palm sugar is believed more lenient towards the stomach or indigestion and expedite metabolism (Susilowati, 2002). Excess glucose can be stored as glycogen. G_{lycogen is stored in the liver and a lot of}

muscle. G_{lycogen any time reformed into} monosaccharides and serves as a source of energy through glycogenolysis process. G_{lucoseandfattyacidscanbeabsorbedbythe}

cellsofintestinalwallandbloodtransportitto theliver, then stored in thefatty tissue which contained in the various layers and organs. G_{lycogen is the stored as energy source that}

will be converted back into glucose when needed as energy. Some carbohydrates eventually broken down into glucoseor other monosaccharides in the small intestine and transported to the liver to be converted into glycogen(MinkaandAyo,2009).

MATERI_ALS_AND_ME_THODS

Implementation oftheresearch carriedout for 35days(28daysofmaintenanceanddayto29 -35 given treatment palm sugar in drinking water at day 35 before transportation), the amountofwhichasmanyas162transportation broiler chickens shaped 'straight run' Cobb Strain,obtainedfromthebreederinSumedang District. Palm sugar used in this study was purchasedapalmsugarmakersfarmerfromthe villageofKakasRinondorDistrict.

Method of administration: Rations (TN-2) given twice a day i.e. morning and afternoon during the study, brown sugar mixed in drinking water supplied ad libitum (300 mL water + 20gramsor2%,300mL + 30grams, or3%,300mL + 40gramsor4%)givenfor8 days (2 days and 6 days pre-study research) thendotransportationfor2hours,3hoursand 4hourstreatments.

Broilerswere randomly markedin accordance with the treatment then included in the 24

boxes were made from a mixture of bamboo and wood boxthat has provided 432 broilers. Each box contained 9 broilers for 2 hour transportation research, and has three times replication, andalso for3 hourstransportation and4hoursoftransportation.

Treatmentofbroilerchickensfedpalmsugarin water,markedandobservedinaccordancewith existing treatments. Thenumberof broilercut 54headsfor analyzingtheglycogen (liver) 27 heads palm sugar in drinking water (each replication were taken onebroiler chicks),the numberoftreatmentstudiescarriedasmanyas 18boxeswith16_{2broilerchickens}.

Each treatment unit then markedaccording to randomizedtreatmenthaswornsowelltreated animals had marked. Placement on the car alreadyrandomized treatmentaccording tothe serial numberon the car issort from front to back and so on until the top. Variables measured: Decrease in glycogen (mg / g), obtained from liver samples atthe end of the study, and analyzed the laboratory (Peungvicha,1998); decrease inblood glucose (mg / dl), obtained from blood samples beginning with the final blood sample. Blood sampleswereobtainedbeforethebeginningof transportation while final blood sample after transport. Blood sampling on the wing vein with thesmallest needle(venojec) heparinthe blood doesnot build up(Barham and Tinder, 1972.).

The study was conducted using a completely randomizeddesignFactorialExperiments3x3 (G_{aspersz,1995)}. _{Afactoristhetransportation} of livestock, anti-stress factor B with three replications. Factor A = Transport namely: Livestock Transport A1 = 2 hours. Livestock Transport A2 = 3 hours. Livestock Transport A3 = 4hours. FactorB = AntiStressnamely: B1 = 2% palmsugar. B2 = 3% palmsugar. B3 = 4% palmsugar.

RESUL_TS_ANDDISCUSSIONS

Influence G_{raph Blood} G_{lucose Treatment of} BroilerChickens.

Results of analysis of variance (Figure 1 and Table 1)showsthattheaverageblood glucose broilers receiving drinking water containing sugar palm (Arenga pinata) (G2), (G3), (G4) significantly (P <0.05) decrease in blood glucose. Percentage usedof palm sugarlevels

in drinking water can lead to differences on blood glucose content due to long transport (T2,T3,T4)inbroilerchickens.

Table1. TestBNJTreatmentEffectofPalmSugaronthe DecreaseofBloodGlucose.

Treatment DecreaseBloodGlucose Significance 0.05

Description:Valueswithdifferentletterssignificantly(P

<0.05).

Figure1. GrafikInfluenceBloodGlucoseTreatmentof BroilerChickens.

Glucose found in the blood stream or blood sugarlevelsandservesasaproviderofenergy

to all cells and tissues. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles as an energy reserve which at times can be converted back into glucose when needed. By order of the most rapidly absorbed are galactose, glucose and fructose (Hutagalung, 2004.). The decrease in average blood glucose results indicates that administration of palm sugar in water before transport can respond to heat stress during broiler chickens transportation. The results of the analysis of the effects of the use of anti -stressbetweenthepercentageofpalm sugarin treatment of drinking water to the durationof transportshowednointeraction(P>0.05)onthe decline of blood glucose, but in single-use brownsugarinthedrinkingwatersignificantly

(P<0.05) due to long transportation of broiler chickens(Figure1₎.

Hormonesepinephrinesecretedonthesituation whenthebodyisunderstressordanger. Ration of carbohydrates consumed through drinking water or through excess body needs and then stored in the muscles as glycogen and the remaining hearts. Capacityislimitedglycogen formationor maximum 350 mg/ _{dl, andif in}

theform ofglycogenaccumulationhasreached its limit, then the excess carbohydrate is converted into fat and stored as fat adipose (Hutagalung,2004.).

Normal blood glucose levels in chickens is 200-250 mg / _{dl (Austicand Nesheim,}199₀₎.

Palm sugarorbrown sugarisanalternativeto lossofelectrolytesinthebodyandthephysical condition of broiler stable avoid dehydration (Burhanuddin,2005). Theresults ofthis study

that the average magnitude was decrease in bloodglucoselowof4.72 mg/_dlfrom 1₅9_.26

mg/ _{dl before decliningtransportation andbe} 1₅₄._{54 mg} / _{dl after transport, as well as the}

highest8.75 mg/_dlfrom 1₄₅.₂₅ m_g/_dlbefore

transport,andthendecreasedto1₃6_.51 _mg/_dl

after transport in fact is much lower than the resultsofpreviousstudies.

Decomposition reaction of glycogenolysis or glycogenproducesglucose6_{-phosphate,the}1

-4 bondbreakingor glycogenphosphorylaseto produce glucose 1-_phosphate. _{By catalyzed}

withtheenzymefosfo-glucomutase,glucose6

-phosphate can be formed from glucose 1

-phosphate. Glucose 6_{-phosphate is converted}

into glucose by the enzyme phosphatase catalyzed, thus facilitating the diffusion of glucosefrom theblood intothecellscausean increaseinbloodglucoselevels(May,1999_).

Table 2. Effect of Treatment of Glycogen Graph BroilerChickens. Resultsofanalysisof variance (Figure 2) shows that the average glycogen broilers receiving drinking water containing sugar palm (Arenga pinata) (G2, G3, G4)hadnosignificanteffect (P> 0.05) to glycogen. Mean glycogen is from 1₂₀._{27 to} 1_{30.34 mg}/_{g. Thedifferenceinthepercentage}

of palm sugar in water with long transport showed no interaction (P> 0.05) on glycogen levelsintheblood(Figure2). Provisionof2% palm sugarindrinkingwaterisgoodenoughto overcomethetransportfor2hoursandupto4 hours.

Table2. TestBNJTreatmentEffectOfPalmSugar

commonlyused as an indicator ofphysiological

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