A DESCRIPTION OF PHONOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF AROUND FOUR YEAR OLD INDONESIAN CHILDREN: A STUDY AT TK PGRI 08 SEMARANG
A Thesis presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
To Obtain the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Letters Study Programme
by : Ika Iswati
Student Number: 03.80.0001
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LETTERS
SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHLOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG
A DESCRIPTION OF PHONOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF AROUND FOUR YEAR OLD INDONESIAN CHILDREN: A STUDY AT TK PGRI 08 SEMARANG
A THESIS
by : Ika Iswati
Student Number: 03.80.0001
A Thesis On
A DESCRIPTION OF PHONOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF AROUND FOUR YEAR OLD INDONESIAN CHILDREN: A STUDY AT TK PGRI 08 SEMARANG
by : Ika Iswati
Student Number: 03.80.0001
Approved by,
Emilia Ninik, Sp. M. Hum July, 13, 2009 Major Sponsor
A Thesis Defended in Front of the Board of Examiners on July, 13, 2009
and Declared Acceptable
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Chairperson : Emilia Ninik, Sp. M. Hum ……….
Secretary : Heny Hartono, SS. M.Pd ……….
Member : Dra. Wuryani Hartanto, MA. ……….
Semarang, July, 13, 2009 Faculty of letters
Soegijapranata Catholik University
The Thesis is dedicated to
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost I want to express the greatness and gratitude to Allah SWT for taking care of me and always giving me the blessing and guidance to the completion of my thesis. I would like to express sincerest gratitude for those who have helped me in accomplishing this thesis.
1. Emilia Ninik Aydawati, S.P, M. Hum as my major sponsor, who has sincerely guided me and encouraged me with her patience and advice in finishing this thesis.
2. Henny Hartono, SS., M. Pd. as my co-sponsor who has corrected my thesis carefully, provided great guidance, suggestion and advice.
3. All lecturers of Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University who have helped me to become a more educated person.
4. My lovely heart, Johan “jojo”, my little sweet heart, Yayas, Rudy, Frida “cantik”, who have raised me and supported me. Shela thanks for assisting me. I thank for your love, patience, attention and support, so I can complete this thesis.
5. My parents, my brothers thanks for your helps, loves, and prayers.
6. All my best friends, thanks for your supports and many other friends that I can not mention one by one.
7. All teachers of PGRI 08 Kindergarten Semarang who have allowed me to take the data for my thesis.
ABSTRACT
The process of phonological competence concerns with the process of how children produce the sound of language (Phoneme). This process is universal. All children in this world have to go through some steps before they can be said that they have acquired a language. They are born with the capability to distinguish sound. In order to know whether the acquisition of phonology is universal, Dardjowidjojo (2002&2003) has conducted a study on Indonesian children language acquisition through longitudinal studies and he found that the phonological acquisition is subject to the order of the universality. This fact makes the writer wanted to see how the phonological performances of four participants who are 3 ½ – 4 year old from PGRI 08 Kindergarten Semarang in pronouncing Indonesian phonemes. The writer observed and recorded conversations and asked them to pronounce a list of words.
Abstrak
Proses pemerolehan kemampuan pengucapan berhubungan dengan proses bagaimana anak memperoleh suara pada bahasa fonem. Proses ini umum untuk semua anak di dunia ini sebelum menyelesaikan langkah selanjutnya mereka dapat berkata bahwa mereka mendapatkan sebuah bahasa. Mereka lahir dengan kemampuan untuk membedakan sebuah suara. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendapatan ponologi itu umum Dardjowidojo (2002&2003) dalam tingkah laku pembelajaran pada bahasa anak Indonesia mendapatkan langkah pembelajaran secara berkelanjutan dan dia mendapatkan bahwa pendapatan ponologi adalah permintaan subjek untuk keseluruhan. Ini sebuah kenyataan yang di buat oleh penulis untuk melihat bagaimana pemerolehan kemampuan pengucapan pada empat peserta yang berusia antara 3 ½ – 4 tahun dari sekolah taman kanak-kanak PGRI 08 Semarang pada pengucapan ponem bahasa Indonesia. Penulis melakukan penelitian dan merekam percakapan antara mereka dan meminta mereka untuk mengucapkan sebuah kata pada daftar kata-kata.
List of Table
List of Appendix
1. Conversation between the Researcher and the Participants on PGRI 08 Kindergarten
Semarang.
2. Participants’ Wrong Pronunciation
3. List of the Words with Vowels from the Recorded data
Table of Content
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study ... 1
1.6.2. Phonological performance ... 4
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1. Previous study on Phonological performance of Indonesian children ... 6
2.2. Indonesian Phonemes ... 7
2.3. First Language Acquisition ... 10
2.4. The Universality of Language ... 12
2.5. The Universality on the process of acquiring language ... 14
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER IV : DATA ANALYSIS 4.1. Phonological Performance in the Recorded Conversations ………….. 24
4.1.1. Vowel Phonemes ……….. 25
4.1.2 Consonant Phonemes ……….. 25
4.2. Data Taken from Single Words ……….. 28
4.2.1. The Phonological Performance in Pronouncing Vowel Phonemes 28 4.2.2. Phonological Performance in Pronouncing Labio Dental Phonemes ……….. 48
4.2.3. Phonological Performance in Pronouncing Alveolar Phonemes 53 4.2.4. Phonological Performance in Pronouncing Alveopalatal Phonemes ……….. 58
