Proceeding of 2
nd
ICST 2017
Influence of Arbuscular Fungi Mycorrhiza and Dose Bioactivator (Tablet
and Liquid Form) Fermented with
Trichoderma
spp. Against Growth and
Wilt Disease on Soybean
Siwi Yudhiarti1), I Made Sudantha2), M. Taufik Fauzi2)
1) Student of Postgraduate Study Program on Dryland Resources Management, University of Mataram Jl. Pendidikan No. 37 Mataram 83125. 2) Lecturer of Postgraduate Study Program on Dryland Resources Management, University of Mataram
Jl. Pendidikan No. 37 Mataram 83125.
Corresponding Author: imade_sudantha@yahoo.co.id
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Arbuscular Fungi Mycorrhiza (AFM) and the dosage of bioactivator (tablet and liquid form) fermented with Trichoderma spp. fungus on the growth of soybean and the incident of wilt disease in soybean. The study used Split Plot Design with two factors. As the main plot is AFM which consists of two levels, namely: without AFM and with AFM. As a subplot is a bioactivator (tablet and liquid form) dose consisting of seven levels, ie without bioactivator, 2.5 g bioactivator tablet form/ plant, 5.0 g tablet form / plant, 7.5 g tablet form/ plant, 2.5 ml bioactivator liquid form/ plant, 5.0 ml of liquid form/ plant, and 7.5 ml liquid form/ plant. The treatment was a combination of AFM factor and bioactivator (tablet and liquid form) dose, each repeated three times so that there were 42 experimental units. The results showed that the higher doses of bioactivators tablets and liquid form that accompanied the provision of AFM can increase soybean plant growth and can suppress the incident of wilt disease in soybean.
Keywords: Mycorrhiza, bioactivator, Trichoderma spp., wilt disease, soybean.
1. Introduction
In the area of NTB, soybeans are the main crops grown with soybean-soybean-corn or
soybean-corn-soybean cropping patterns. The productivity of soybean yield at the farmer level
has reached 1.0 ton / ha, and this result is still low because the biological potential of soybean
yield in dry land in NTB can reach 3.3 ton / ha, and the average research result has reached 2, 5
tons / ha or 75 percent of its biological potential. This means that soybean crops have the
potential to be developed and improved productivity (Sudantha 2009).
One of the main limiting factors in the development of soybean crops on dry land is the
health of soybean crops due to the onslaught of soil pathogens such as the fungus Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. glycine causes of the disease falling sprouts and wither. This soil pathogens are
difficult to control, one of the reasons for the difficulty in controlling these pathogens is due to
the ability of the pathogen to maintain itself in the soil even though no host is available in the
form of a resting structure resistant to extreme soil conditions of clamidospores with a survival
ability of up to 10 years . This propagule is very important as a primary inoculum for the
occurrence of infection in the next planting season (Sudantha, 2009).
Preliminary results of the use of endophytic fungus Trichoderma polysporum isolates
ENDO-04 and saprophytic fungus T. harzianum SAPRO-07 isolates in-vitro and in-vivo (in
laboratory) and in-situ (in greenhouse) effectively controlled wilt disease caused by the fungus
F. oxysporum f. sp. glycine up to 90%. Similarly, both types of fungus Trichoderma spp. this as
a bioactivator can spur vegetative growth and early flower formation (Sudantha, 2010).
Bioactivator is a stimulating inoculant of growth and flowering plants. Sudantha (2009)
reported that the use of bioactivators (containing saprophytic fungus T. harzainum isolates
SAPRO-07 and endophytic fungus T. koningii isolates ENDO-02) in soybean plants can spur
growth and flowering in greenhouses.
AFM is one of the soil biological elements that has the ability to grow and develop in an
environment less favorable for the growth of other soil microbes (Sasli, 2004). Some common
AFM genera are Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora and Scutellospora (Brundrett et al., 1996).
AFM can produce antibiotics and stimulate the development of saprophytic microbes around
roots so that pathogens do not develop (Liderman, 1988). Therefore, AFM has a role in
controlling plant diseases. In addition, AFM can also increase levels of N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe and
increased efficiency of water use, transpiration and photosynthetic rate (Sasli, 2004). Sudantha et
al. (2016) reported that in greenhouse experiments the combination application of AFM and
bioactivators containing T. harzianum fungi isolates Sapro-07 and T. koningii isolates Endo-02
can suppress Fusarium wilt disease and increase the growth and yield of soybean crops.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of AFM and the dosage of bioactivator (tablet and liquid form) fermented with Trichoderma spp. fungus on the growth of soybean and the incident of wilt disease in soybean.
2. Material and Method
Materials Research
The bioactivator used is a bioactivator of tablet and liquid formulations. The tablet and
liquid formulations were prepared based on the Sudantha method (2009). The fungi cultures
used were T. koningii isolates ENDO-02 and T. harzianum isolates SAPRO-07 which is a fungus
in pure culture grown on PDA media.
AFM inoculum used is isolate AAFMA001 propagation on pot culture of host corn.
Inoculum is a mixture of root pieces, spores Glomus sp., hypha AMF and soil culture pots that
have been blended smooth.
Soybean seeds used in the research are Anjasmoro varieties obtained from Central Main
Seed of Agriculture NTB Province Jl. Raya Peninjauan Km 8, Narmada West Lombok District.
Proceeding of 2
nd
ICST 2017
Research methods
The design used is Split Plot Design with two factors. Main plot is AFM which consists of
two levels, namely: without AFM, and with AFM. The plot is a dose of bioactivator (a form of
fermented tablet and liquid fungus Trichoderma spp.) Consisting of seven levels, namely:
without bioactivator, bioactivator 2.5 g tablet / plant, bioactivator 5.0 g tablet / plant, bioactivator
7.5 g tablet / plant, activator 2.5 ml liquid / plant, bioactivator 5.0 ml liquid / plant,
bio-activator 7.5 ml liquid / plant. The treatment was a combination of AFM factor and biobio-activator
dose (tablet and liquid form) each repeated three times so that there were 42 experimental units.
Ways of working
Soil treatment is done using hoe to level the soil and then made a plot with size 2 m × 4 m
for each treatment plot. After basic soil fertilization using Phonska fertilizer 100 kg / ha (50%
from recommendation). Provision of basic fertilizer is done by means immersed in the next
planting hole.
Application of AFM and bioactivator is done at the time of soybean seeds. The application
of AFM (15 g / plant) and bioactivator tablet (15 g / plant) or liquid bioactivator (15 ml / plant)
was performed simultaneously with the applying of soybean seeds on the sides of the plant hole
(about 5 cm from the planting hole). The soybean seed is placed into a hole with a depth of 2 cm
and the hole is closed again with soil. Planting done with spacing 20 × 40 cm.
Plant maintenance includes fertilizing, irrigation and weeding. Subsequent fertilization at
5 weeks after planting plants. Subsequent fertilization using urea fertilizer 165 kg / ha and KCl
50 kg / ha. Fertilization is done by placing the fertilizer next to the base of the stem of the plant
with a distance of ± 2cm. Irrigation is done in the morning or afternoon and done by way of
experiments dileb through the channel on the trial plot to the wet soil. Weeding is done by
removing weeds that grow around the plant.
The variables observed were plant growth (plant height) and incidence of Fusarium wilt
disease. Plant height is measured from the base of the stem to the highest tip of soybean crop
(cm). Plant height measurements were performed until the plant was 56 days after planting.
Observation of disease incidence is done by counting the number of wilting plants, observations
made until the plant is 56 days after planting. The incidence of the disease (%) is calculated
using the following formula:
I= Percentage of disease incidence
a= Number of plants showing symptoms of the disease
b = Total number of plants observed
Data analysis
The observed data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with 5% real
level using Minitab for Windows Rel. 13. If there is a variation then tested continued by using
the test of Real Differences Honest (BNJ) at a real level of 5%.
3. Results and Discussion
High Soybean Plants
The results of the analysis showed that there was a real interaction between AFM
application and the bioactivator dose fermented with Trichoderma sp fungus. Further test
results to know which interactions were significantly different were presented in Table 1.
In Table 1 it was shown that all treated doses of fermented bioactivators of
Trichoderma sp. in the form of tablets and liquid different from the control both on treatment
without AFM and with AFM to soybean plant height at age 56 HST. The higher the
bioactivator dosage form of tablets and liquid soybean crop is also higher growth. Each dose
of bioactivator application that is accompanied by AFM gives a better soybean plant growth
when compared with no AFM.
The difference in plant height in soybean plants without AFM and with AFM is
suspected because the role of AFM can spur the growth of soybean crops. This is in
accordance with the opinion of Sasli (2004) that, the role of AFM for the development of host
plants, among others: increase the absorption of nutrients in the soil, increase the resistance of
the host to drought and increase growth hormone growth, so as to trigger the growth of
soybean plant leaf. According to Linderman (1988), AFM is known to stimulate plants in the
absorption of immobil elements such as P, Zn, and Cu and car elements such as S, Ca, K, Fe,
Mg, Mn, Cl, Br and N from the soil. Mosse (1981), that the association between AFM fungi
and host plants such as mycorrhiza Glomus sp. can infect soybeans, long beans, onions,
cassava, oranges and tobacco, so as to spur the growth of root nodules on the plant. The direct
role of the mycorrhizal is to help root in increasing the absorption of water from the soil pores
when the roots of the plant have difficulty absorbing water (Setiadi, 2001).
Proceeding of 2
nd
ICST 2017
Tabel 1. The average height of soybean plant at age 56 days after planting on AFM interaction and dose of fermented bioactivator of Trichoderma sp.
Dose of Bioactivator
2,5 ml liquids/plants 7,30 a
B
7,5 ml liquids/plants 3,23 a
D
1,10 b D
HSD 5% 2,25
*) The numbers followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different in the 5% HSD test.
**) The numbers followed by the same letter in the same line are not significantly different in the 5% HSD test.
The difference in plant height in soybean crop is given by fermented bioactivator with
Trichoderma spp fungus. allegedly due to the fungus Trichoderma spp. contained in
bioactivators can spur the growth of soybean crops. According to Salisbury and Ross (1995),
several types of fungi that live in the soil can produce ethylene, where ethylene released by
the fungus helps encourage seed germination, controls the growth of sprouts, slow down the
soil pathogenic organisms and spur the formation of flowers. Sudantha (2010) says that the
fungus Trichoderma spp. faster colonization of the soybean plant tissue, so that the resulting
ethylene is more dominant to spur the formation and elongation of the stem. Bioactivators
contain Trichoderma sp. can increase high growth of gmelina arborea plant on peat media by
39,44%, stem diameter 3,12% and leaf area 852,63% compared to control plants in a
relatively short time. The next response is rooting to grow and develop better due to improved
conditions in the better rhizosphere.
The incidence of lute disease in soybean plants
The results showed that there was a real interaction between AFM application and
bioactor dose fermented with Trichoderma sp fungus. Further test results to know which
interaction was significantly different were presented in Table 2.
In Table 2 it was shown that all treated doses of fermented bioactivators of
Trichoderma sp. in tablet and liquid form differed with controls in both AFM and AFM
treatments against wilt disease in soybean plants of 56 HST. The higher the dosage of
bioactivator form of tablet and liquid the percentage of wilt disease in soybean crop is lower.
Each application of bioactivator dose accompanied by AFM showed that the percentage of
wilting disease was lower when compared with no AFM.
The difference in percentage of wilt disease in soybean plants without AFM and with
AFM is suspected because the role of AFM can inhibit the occurrence of wilt disease in
soybean crops. This means that AFM has a role in inhibiting and suppressing wilt disease in
soybean crops. Some earlier researchers such as Xavier and Boyetchko (2004) reported that
AFM has a role in disease control caused by soil pathogens. Setiadi (2000) mentions that the
presence of AFM that bersimbiosis with plant roots can suppress the development of
pathogens that attack roots such as Phytopthora, Phytium, Rhizoctonia, and Fusarium. The
AFM present in plant roots will help stimulate the formation of isoflavonoid compounds thus
causing increased plant resistance to soil pathogens. Sasli (2004) says that AFM has a role in
plant disease control. In addition, AFM can also increase levels of N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe and
increase the efficiency of water use, transpiration and photosynthesis rate.
Proceeding of 2
nd
ICST 2017
Tabel 2. The mean percentage of wilt disease in soybean plants was 56 days after planting in AFM interaction and dose of fermented bioactivator of Trichoderma sp.
Dose of Bioactivator AFM HSD 5%
2,5 ml liquids/plants 7,30 a
B
7,5 ml liquids/plants 3,23 a
D
1,10 b D
HSD 5% 2,25
*) The numbers followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different in the 5% HSD test.
**) The numbers followed by the same letter in the same line are not significantly different in the 5% HSD test.
The difference in plant height in soybean crop is given by fermented bioactivator with
Trichoderma spp fungus. allegedly due to the fungus Trichoderma spp. contained in
bioactivators can spur the growth of soybean crops. This is because the saprophytic fungus T.
harzainum isolates SAPRO-07 and endophytic fungus T. polysporum isolates ENDO-04 used
for bioactivator fermentation can colonize well in the bioactivators of tablet and liquid
formulations which are then administered into the soil. In this study was found population of
Trichoderma spp. in the bioactivator is 20.0 x 106 propagul / g of the material and in the
soybean plant 15.0 x 106 propagule / g soil. This means a bioactivator with a coffee leaf base
with clay is a good host for Trichoderma spp. The coffee leaf substrate and the clay used
contain organic matter which acts as a stater for the mass culture of these two fungi in the
soil.
According to Sudantha (2011) that the role of endophytic fungi of ENDO-04 isolate in
soybean plant tissue stimulates ethylene can spur cell lengthening so T. polysporum that the
height of plant height, while saprophytic fungus T. harzainum isolate SAPRO-07 in
rhizosphere or root area of soybean plants ethylene is diffused into the body of the plant
through silem that stimulates generative growth.
The role of endophytic fungi and saprophyte Trichoderma spp. in spurring vegetative
growth and generative crops have been reported by some previous researchers. Windham et
al. (1986) reported that the T. harzianum fungus can increase seed germination and plant
growth. Tronsmo and Dennis (1977 in Cook and Baker, 1983) reported that spraying conidia
of T. viride and T. koningii fungus to protect strawberry plants from rotting disease was able
to spur early flowering.
Salisbury and Ross (1995) say that of the four auxin types of geberelin, cytokines,
abscisic acid and ethylene, it is thought that ethylene is a hormone produced by the fungus
Trichoderma spp. which can stimulate flowering on plants. Further Salisbury and Ross (1995)
revealed that some types of fungi that live on the ground can produce ethylene. It is suspected
that ethylene released by the fungus helps encourage seed germination, controls the growth of
sprouts, slow down the attack of soil pathogenic organisms, and spur the formation of
flowers. In plant seeds all parts of the plant produce ethylene, both on roots, stems, leaves and
flowers. Ethylene is a volatile hormone that easily moves from one plant organ to another.
The influence of ethylene in the tissues can improve the synthesis of enzymes, the type of
enzyme depends on the target tissue. When ethylene stimulates leaf loss, cellulasulas and
other cell-breaking enzymes appear in the absorption layer. If the cell is injured,
phenylalanine amonialiase appears, this enzyme is important in the formation of phenol
compounds that play a role in the recovery of wounds. If a particular pathogenic fungus
invades the cell, ethylene induces the plant to form two enzymes that describe the cell wall of the fungus, namely β- (1,3) glucanase and chitinase (Boller, 1988 in Salisbury and Ross, 1995).
Proceeding of 2
nd
ICST 2017
4. Conclusion
The results showed that:
1. Higher doses of bioactivator tablet form (2.5 - 7.5 g tablet / plant) and liquid (2.5 ml - 7,5
ml liquid / plant) accompanied by giving AFM can increase the height of soybean.
2. Higher doses of bioactivator tablet form (2.5 - 7.5 g tablet / plant) and liquid (2.5 ml - 7,5
ml liquid / plant) accompanied by AFM can suppress the occurrence of wilt disease in
soybean.
Based on the results of research that has been implemented it can be suggested things as
follows:
1. Further research on maximal dose use to know the height of plants and the incidence of
Fusarium wilt disease in different soil types, time and place.
2. Bioactivator tablets with a dose of 7.5 g / plant and bioactivator with a dose of 7.5 ml /
plant can be considered for use in soybean.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to the Director of Research and Community Service Kemenristekdikti, Rector
of the University of Mataram and Chairman of LPPM Mataram University who has provided
Research Fund Graduate Team Fiscal Year 2017, so this article which is part of the research
Postgraduate Team can be arranged well.
References
Brundrett, M, et al. 1996. Working With Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture.
International Mycorrhizal Workshop. Kaiping China.
Cook dan Baker, 1983. The Nature and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. The American Phytopathol Society Paul MN. 539 p.
Liderman, R. G., 1988. Mychorrizal interaction with the rhizosphere microflora. The mychorrizosphere effect. Phytopathology. 78(3):366-371.
http://www.bumn.go.id/ptpn10/galeri/artikel/pelatihan-pembuatan-dan-perbanyakan-mikoriza-di-ugm/. [Diakses 22 Januari 2016].
Mosse, B. 1981. Vesicular abuscular mycorrhiza research for tropical agriculture. Res. Bull.
Hawaii Inst. Trop. Agric. And Human ReSumbers. 82 hal.
Sasli, I., 2004. The Role of Mycorrhizal Vesicles Arbuscular (MVA) in Increasing Plant Resistance Against Drought Stress. Bogor Agricultural University Press. Bogor.
Salisbury, F. B. and C. W. Ross, 1995. Plant Physiology Volume 3. Development
plants and plant physiology (Translation D. R. Lukman and Sumaryono). Publisher ITB Bandung.
Setiadi, Y. 2001. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal in the rehabilitation of critical land in Indonesia. Presented in the Framework of Seminar on the Use of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Organic Farming Systems and Critical Land Rehabilitation. http://fordamof.org/files/aplikasi_mikoriza_untuk_memacu_pertumbuhan. pdf.
[accessed on 22 January 2016].
Sudantha, I. M. 2009. Trichoderma spp Fungi Application (Isolates ENDO-02 and 04 and SAPRO-07 and 09) as Biofungisida, Decomposer and Bioaktivator Growth and Flowering of Vanilla Plant and Its Development on Horticultural and Other Food Crops in NTB. Research Report Grant Competence DP2M Dikti, Mataram.
Sudantha, I. M. 2010. Book of Appropriate Technology: Application of Biofungisida and Biokompos on Organic Farming. Faculty of Agriculture University of Mataram, Mataram.
Sudantha, I. M. 2011. Test of Application of Some Types of Biocompos (Fermented Fungi T. koningii isolate Endo-02 and T. harzianum isolate sapro-07) on Two Soybean Varieties against Fusarium Wilt Diseases and Soybean. Agroteksos No.1: 2.
Windham, M. Y. Eladand R. Baker. 1985. A. Mechanism of increased Plant Growth Induced by Trichoderma spp. Ohytopathology 76; 518-521.
Xavier L.J.C & Boyetchko S.M. 2004. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi In Plant Disease Control. In: Arora DK (ed.). Fungal Biotechnology in Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Applications. pp. 183–194 Dekker, New York.
PROCEEDINGS
The 2
ndInternational Conference on Science and Technology 2017
“Joint International Conference on Science and Technology in The Tropic”Mataram, August, 23
th-24
th2017
PUBLISHED BY :
Universitas Mataram
Jl. Majapahit, No 62 Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 83125
Telp: +62-0370-633007
PROCEEDINGS
The 2
ndInternational Conference on Science and Technology 2017
“Joint International Conference on Science and Technology in The Tropic”Mataram, August, 23
th-24
th2017
Person In Charge : Dr.ret.net. Lalu Rudyat Telly Savalas
Council Committee : Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Lalu Wiresapta Karyadi, M.Si
Head of Steering Committee : Prof. Ir Sunarpi, Ph.D
Deputy of Steering Committee : Prof.Dr. Dato’ Azizan Abu Samah
Peer Reviewer :
Prof. James Gannon, Ph.D
Prof. Dr. Mohammad F.R. Hassanien Prof. Dr. Lim Phaik Eem
Prof. Yong Hoi Sen Prof. Helmut Erdman Prof. Ir. Sunarpi., Ph.D Prof. Ir. Sri Widuastuti, Ph.D
Prof. I Made Sudarma
Prof. I Komang Damar Jaya., Ph.D Dr. Islamul Hadi
Dr. rer.nat. Teti Zubaidah, ST., MT I Wayan Sudiarta,.Ph.D
Dr. Imam Bachtiar Dr. Syahrul
Aluh Nikmatullah., Ph.D
Editor and layout:
Dr.ret.net. Lalu Rudyat Telly Savalas Cahyo Mustiko, ST.,M.Sc., Ph.D Ir. Aluh Nikmatullah, Ph.D
Nanda Diniarti, S.Pi., M.Si
Dewi Nur’aeni Setyowati, S.Pi, M.Biotech
ISBN : 978 - 602 - 61265 - 1 - 1
Cetakan pertama : Agustus 2017
Published by :
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Jl. Majapahit, No 62 Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 83125 Telp: +62-0370-633007 / Fax: +62-0370-636041
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PREFACE
Bismillaahirrahmaanirrahiim
Assalaamu'alaikumwarahmatullaahwabarakaatuh. Peace be upon us.
Praise always we pray to God Almighty for giving us the abundance of grace, guidance and inayah, so
that we all can meet here in the “2nd
International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST)
2017”. The theme of this conference is “The Emergence of Science for Human Prosperity and Health”
where this conference is joint international conference between Mataram and Malaya University.
First of all, I would like to welcome you all to West Nusa Tenggara Province specially Lombok Island,
“the Island of Thousand Mosques”, which is famous to its many natural resource and beautiful tourism
destinations where you can enjoy them while attending the conference. This conference will be held for two days, from 23rd to 24th August 2017, and took place in campus of the University of Mataram.
So far, we received one hundred fifty papers from various universities and research institutions in Indonesia and from overseas. The paper have been selected and grouped based on the similarity of the research field, which then are presented and discussed. Presentation of the papers will be held in seven parallel classes and poster presentation. The Selected papers will be published in Malaysian Journal of Science (Special Issue) which index by Scopus, and the rest will be published in the Conference Proceedings. Additionally, selected paper in aquaculture have the opportunity to be published in Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia.
At this moment, the organizing committee would like to express our gratitude to all of you for your participation on this conference, especially to the all keynote speakers, presenters who have submitted for both oral and posters presentations and also to all participants. Our special gratitude also goes to the Rector of the University of Mataram and Vice Chancellor of Malaya University, who have been highly supporting this conference. Critics and suggestions on the implementation of this conference will be appreciated and as much as possible we will improve the next ICST. Last but not least, the organizing committee would like to thank to all of you who have supported this conference.
Have an enjoyable conference.
Wassalamu'alaikum warohmatullahi wabarakatuh.
Chairman of 2nd ICST 2017
Dr.rer.nat. Lalu Rudyat Telly Savalas, M.Si.
Proceeding of 2
nd
ICST 2017
OPENING SPEECH - RECTOR THE UNIVERSITY OF MATARAM The
2
ndInternational Conference on Science and Technology 2017
Joint International Conference on Science and Technology in The Tropic Beetwen Mataram and Malaya Universiti
Respected Guests, Keynote speakers, Conference participants, and all other participants.
On Behalf of all staffs of the University of Mataram, I welcome you all to Lombok, a beautiful island in West Nusa Tenggara Province, where the University of Mataram is located. Lombok is known for its natural and cultural diversity where you can enjoy traditional cuisines, beaches, waterfalls, mountain, traditional villages and handicraft of many ethnics including Sasak, Samawa, Mbojo, Balinese, Chinese, Arabic, and many others.
As the Rector of the University of Mataram, it is a great honour for me to address the opening of “The 2nd International Conference on Science and Technology” here at the University of Mataram, which will be held from 23rd to 24th August 2017, with a theme “The Emergence of Science for Human Prosperity and Health”. The main aim of this seminar is to gather scientist from all over the world to share their ideas, knowledge and experiences and to build network for possible future collaboration. As we are aware that sharing knowledge and experiences from speakers are extremely valuable in a conference, therefore I would like to express my high appreciation, first, to the keynote speakers from overseas and from Indonesia for their willingness to come to Lombok to share their acknowledged works. Your effort and contribution to this conference are absolutely valuable. Second, my high appreciation also goes to the national speakers and all other participants, including the speakers from University of Mataram and local universities in West Nusa Tenggara Province, your participation in this conference not only will give incredible share of ideas, skills and knowledge that you have, but also will improve the academic environment that we are developing in this university. I hope this conference will be a good forum, not only for communicating and sharing ideas, knowledge and experiences, but also for building networking for future collaboration.
I would also like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to the sponsors which have given some contribution to this conference. Last but not least, I would like to thank the organizing committee as well as all other supporters and participants, without their effort, commitment and hard work, this conference will not run well.
Finally, I wish you most successful conference, enjoy Lombok Island and hope to see you again in other forum here at the University of Mataram.
Rector of the University of Mataram
Prof. Ir. Sunarpi, Ph.D
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Formula Optimisation of Milk Chocolate Bars Based on the Physical Quality and Organoleptic Characteristics
Dedy Rahmad1*, Muhammad Ikhsan Sulaiman2, Eti Indarti2
Effect of Design Variation of Corncob Biomass Gasification on Boiling Time and Flaming Duration
Joniarta I Wayan1*, Wijana Made1
Activity of Bamboo Rhizobacteria to Inhibit Fusarium oxysporum with In Vitro Screening
Baiq Yunika Hayatin1*, Faturrahman1, Ernin Hidayati1
Isolation and Identification of Chitinolytic Bacteria from Intestinal Tissue or Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Alis Mukhlis1*, Sadikin Amir1, Nurliah1, Bagus Dwi Hari Setyono1, Endang Wulandari Suryaningtyas2
Structural Behaviour of Spherical Hollow Reinforced Concrete Beam under Flexural Loading
Suryawan Murtiadi1*, Akmaluddin1, Maskimi1
New Record Phoniscusatrox in The Developed Ecotourism Area of South Lombok Islan, West Nusa Tenggara
Siti Rabiatul Fajri1, Sri Nopita Primawati1, Islamul Hadi2, Galuh Tresnani2
The Application of Ground Pumice in Foamed Concrete for Accoustic Material
Maria Asunta Hana Pramudawati1*, Iman Satyarno1 , M. Fauzi Siswanto1
Chemical Compounds Analysis of Green Bean and Its Effect on KopiLuwak Cupping Quality
Murna Muzaifa1*, Dian Hasni1, Anshar Patria 1, Febriani2, Amhar Abubakar3Quality of Gayo Arabica Coffee Affected by Farm Altitude and Coffee Varieties Yusya Abubakar1, Dian Hasni1*, Heru Prono Widayat1, Murna Muzaifa1, Mahdi2Profesional Caring Factor Factors in Providing Services to Clients in Puskesmas Ermina
Istiqomah1*, Dwi Nur Rachmah1, Sudjatmiko Setyobudihono2, Fendy Suhariadi3
Case Report: A-27-years-old female with ST-Elevation Electrocardiography: STEMI or Pericarditis?
Y. Pintaningrum1, S. Alifiya2
Developing of Rechargeable Allumuium-Ion (Al-ion) Battery with Basic Material Activated Coconut Shell Charcoal
S. Wahyuni1*, Fitriah1, A. Doyan1
Simulation of Monthly Rainfall Data of Dodokan Watersheed Using Nonparametric Statistical Downscaling Model
Mustika Hadijati1*, Desy Komalasari1, Nurul Fitriyani1
Mustika Hadijati1*, Desy Komalasari1, Nurul Fitriyani1
Enhancement Flexural Strength of Brick Masonry Wall with Polypropylene Bands
Andreas Sugijopranoto1*, Andreas Triwiyono1, Henricus Priyosulistyo1
Utilization of NanoChitosan as Biomordant of Natural Indigo Dye on Cotton Fabrics
Ira Purnawati1*, Yuni Kusumastuti2*, Hary Sulistyo1
Flexural Properties of Tropical Natural Fibres Reinforced Epoxy Composites Prepared Using Vacuum Bagging Method
Jauhar Fajrin1*, Pathurahman1, Suparjo1, Teti Handayani1
The Efficacy of Various Croping Paterns to Utilize a Carry Over Fertilizer Aplication from Tobacco.
Nani Herawati1*, Putu Cakra Putra Adnyana1, Sudarto1, Baiq Nurul Hidayah1
El-Nino Characteristics Based On Reservoir Volumetric
I Wayan Yasa1*, Moh. Bisri2, Moch. Solichin2, Ussy Andawayanti2
Finite Element Modelling of Creep Glued-Laminated Bamboo
Ngudiyono1*,2, Bambang Suhendro3, Ali Awaludin3, Andreas Triwiyono3
Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Chicken Stock Powder Added with Carrots Extract (Daucus carota, L.)
Ismed*, Aisman, Suci Eka Amalia
Growth, Yield and Seed Quality of Corn (Zea mays L.) due to Leaf Defoliation After Tassel ini Dry Land of Lombok Island Indonesia
Hiryana Windiyani1,2*, Eko Widaryanto2, Titiek Islami2
Folate Content In Spinach (Amaranthus sp.), Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynous, (L.) Merr) and Singgalang Radish (Brassica oleracea)
After Being Processed
Cesar Welya Refdi1*, Fauzan Azima1, Prima Yaumil Fajri2
The Effect of Various Macroalgaes Extract in Lombok to Mortality of Artemia salina Larvae
Novita Hidayatun Nufus1, Mursal Ghazali2, Rina Kurnianingsih2, Aluh Nikmatullah3, Sunarpi2*
Tuned Mass Damper as Alternative Solution for Pedestrian Comforet in Existing Truss Bridge
Yumna Cici Olyvia1*, Bambang Suhendro1, Ashar Saputra1
Children's Playground and Safety at the Kahayan Riverbank Settlement, Palangkaraya
Parmonangan Manurung
The Potency of Kersen Leaves (Muntingia calabura Linn.) to Decrease High Blood Sugar Level
Ihlana Nairfana1*, I Ketut Suter2
Subsurface Structure Interpretation of Southern Flank of Tangkuban Parahu Based on Gravity Method
Hasdi Abdullah1*, Djoko Santoso2
The Importance of Early Maturing Hybrid Maize in The Limited Rainfall Areas to Anticipate Climate Changes
Baiq Tri Ratna Erawati1*, Awaludin Hipi1, Andi Takdir M.2
A Neural Network Model for Indonesia’s Foreign Reserves Model Syamsul Bahri
The Use of Near Infrared Technology for Rapid Measurement of Soil Nitrogen in Rice Paddy Field of Lombok Island
Bambang Hari Kusumo
Sea Horse (Hippocampus sp.) Broodstock Culture in Controlled Tank Dewi Nur’aeni Setyowati1*, Nanda Diniarti1, Nunik Cokrowati1
Proceeding of 2
nd
ICST 2017
Analysis on Heat Energy Utilization on White Copra Drying using Solar Energy Tray Drier Murad1*, Rahmat Sabani1, Guyup Mahardhian Dwi Putra1, Diah Ajeng Setiawati1
Application of Hydrological Water Supply Model to Calculate Discharge of Maronggek River in East Lombok
Sirajuddin Haji Abdullah1*, Hera Damayanti1, Guyup Mahardhian Dwi Putra1 , Diah Ajeng Setiawati1
Utilization of Ulva lactuca to Increase The Growth of Eucheuma cottonii
Nunik Cokrowati
Sociotechnical Adaptive Water Governance: A Case Study of Water Governnce in Lombok Indonesia
Alex Laplaza1*, I Gusti L.P. Tanaya2, Suwardji3
Characterization of Rice Husk and Wood Biochars and Their Effect on Soil Chemical and Agronomic Properties of Lettuce
(Lactuca sativa L.)
Mulyati*, Tejowulan, S., Baharuddin, AB., Sukartono, Suwardji
Seagrass Ecosystems Monitoring as Related to Coral Reef in Coastal Waters of Sekotong, West Lombok, Indonesia
Abdul Syukur1*, Didik Santoso1
Fatty acid Composition of Ethanolic Extract of Seahorse (Hippocampus barbouri) from Ekas Bay, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara
Seto Priyambodo1*, Dewi Nur’aeni Setyowati2, Nunik Cokrowati2, Nanda Diniarti2
Effectiveness of Ulva lactuca Extract on Kappaphycus alvarezii Growth
Muhammad Fadlillah1*, Nunik Cokrowati1, M. Masyarul Rusdani
Composition of Plankton on Floating Area in Batunampar Beach, East lombok
Nanda Diniarti
Water quality of Kertasari Bay West Sumbawa as Sustainability of Seaweed Cultivation Center
Edi Sulman1, Nunik Cokrowati2, Arziahningsih1, Rinto Basuki1
Mapping Consumer Preferences and Physical Quality of Sie Reuboh (Cooked Meat) a Traditional Cuisine of Aceh
Dian Hasni, Novia Mehra Erfiza, Muhammad Faiz, Ulva Syahrina
Analysis of The Role of Midwives and Nutritionists in Early Detection of Malnutrition and Growth Disorder in Two Year Old Babies at Narmada Public Health Care Working Area
Lina Nurbaiti1*, Lalu Bramawangsa Banjar Getas1*, Sandra Yuliana Andini Putri1*,
Felix Santoso1*, Ni Putu Ayu Dewanthi1*, Amalia Asfarina1*
Correlation betweenBCL-2 and LMP-1 expression in patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma WHO Type III
Hamsu Kadriyan1, Didit Yudhanto1, Fathul Djannah2,I Gusti Ayu Trisa Aryani3,
Muhammad Alfian3, Markus Rambu3, Muhammad Rizqi Kholifaturrohmy1
340-347
Influence of Arbuscular Fungi Mycorrhiza and Dose Bioactivator (Tablet and Liquid Form) Fermented with Trichoderma spp. Against Growth and Wilt Disease on Soybean
Siwi Yudhiarti1)*, I Made Sudantha2), M. Taufik Fauzi2)
432-441
Influence of Coconut Shell Biochar and Dose Biocompost (Granules and Liquid Form) Fermented with Trichoderma spp. Against Growth and Wilt Disease on Soybean
U’ul Efriyanti Prayoba1)*, I Made Sudantha2), Suwardji2)
442-451
