AN ANALYSIS OF THE FLOUTING MAXIMS IN INDONESIA
LAWYERS CLUBS (ILC) TALK SHOW PROGRAM ON TV ONE
(KPK VS POLRI: UJUNGNYA SAMPAI DIMANA?)
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Linguistic
By:
UMROH
Registration Number: 8136112084
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
ABSTRACT
Umroh, 2015. An Analysis of The Flouting Maxims In Indonesia Lawyers Clubs (ILC) Talk Show Program On TV One (KPK VS POLRI: Ujungnya sampai dimana?. A Thesis. Medan. English Applied Linguistic Study Program State University of Medan.
The study deals with the types of flouting maxims In Indonesia Lawyers Clubs (ILC) Talk Show Program On TV One (KPK VS POLRI: Ujungnya sampai dimana? based on Grice’s cooperative principle. The objectives of study are to find out the maxims which are flouted, to find out the process of dominant flouting maxims and to find out the reasons of dominant flouting maxims which are shown by the interviwees. This research is conducted by document qualitative analysis research design. The data are the utterances of some conversations which were flouted. The data source of this research was taken from ILC talkshow with the topic of “KPK VS POLRI: Ujungnya sampai dimana?” which was displayed on February 15th, 2014 that was obtained from the video on internet. The data is analyzed by using Miles and Huberman (1994) with the three phases of data analysis. i.e.(1) data reduction, (2) data display, (3) conclusion and verification. The result shows that all types of maxims are flouted by participants namely: maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance and maxim of manner. Besides, also found the flouting maxims of combination in ILC talk show. Flouting maxim of quantity is the highest number in ILC talk show. The total number of flouting maxim of Quantity is seventy three. The second most frequently is flouting maxim of relevance which the total number is twenty one. The third is the flouting maxim of manner. There are six flouting maxim of manner applied by them. The last is flouting maxim of quality which the total number is three . A process by which dominant maxim is flouted for the purpose of getting an implicature. The most dominant reasons usually carried out by giving detail explanation to give more information to stress and to expect something in order to make the intended meaning more clear for the listener to follow. The writer can conclude that in ILC talk show the guests mostly give more information than required to make viewers easy to understand their conversation. It can prove that flouting maxim does not always make the conversation unsuccessful, even it make the hearer getting clear information. The writer suggest the reader to comprehend the flouting maxim deeply in order that they can chose which one is appropriate and which one is not appropriate applied in their conversation.
ABSTRAK
Umroh, 2015. Sebuah analisisa pelanggaran maksim di Indonesia Lawyers Klub (ILC) Program Talk Show di TV One (KPK VS POLRI: Ujungnya Sampai Dimana ?. Tesis. Medan. Program Studi Linguistic Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Universitas Negeri Medan
Penelitian ini menguraikan jenis- jenis pelanggaran maksim di Indonesia Lawyers Klub (ILC) Program Talk Show di TV One berdasarkan teori mengenai prinsip kerjasama yang dikemukakan oleh Grice. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prinsip-prinsip maksim yang dilanggar, untuk mengetahui proses pelanggaran maksim dan untuk mengetahui alasan pelanggaran maksim yang di ditunjukkan oleh orang yang di wawancarai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan model penelitian dokumen analisis kualitatif. Data tersebut merupakan ucapan dari beberapa percakapan yang dilanggar. Sumber data penelitian tersebut diambil dari program TV talkshow Indonesia Lawyers Klub (ILC) di TV One pada topik "(KPK VS POLRI : Ujungnya Sampai Dimana " yang dipertunjukkan pada tanggal 15 Februari 2015 yang di peroleh dari vidio di internet. Data tersebut di analisa dengan menggunakan teoriMiles and Huberman (1994) dengan tiga tahap menganalisa data yaitu: (1) pengurangan data, (2) mempertunjukan data, (3) kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa seluruh jenis maxim dilanggar oleh orang yang diwawancarai yaitu: maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevan dan maksim cara. Pelanggaran maksim kuantiti adalah jumlah yang tertinggi pada ILC talk show. Disamping itu juga di temukan jenis maxim campuran. Frekwensi yang kedua adalah pelanggaran maksim relevant yang berjumlah dua puluh satu. Yang ketiga adalah maksim cara. Ada enam pelanggaran maksim cara yang digunakan oleh mereka. Yang terakhir adalah pelanggaran maksim qualitas yang berjumlah tiga. Proses dimana pepatah dominan dilanggar untuk tujuan mendapatkan implikatur percakapan. Alasan dari terjadinya maxim bahwa pada ILC talk show para participan sebagian besar memberikan informasi yang lebih dari yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat pemirsa mudah mengerti percakapan dan mengharapkan sesuatu dari mereka. Hal ini dapat membuktikan bahwa pelanggaran maksim tidak selalu membuat percakapan tidak berhasil, bahkan membuat pendengar mendapatkan informasi yang jelas. Penulis menyarankan pembaca untuk memahami pelanggaran maksim agar mereka dapat memilih mana yang sesuai dan mana yang tidak tepat diterapkan dalam percakapan mereka.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillah, the greatest thank is dedicated to Allah SWT who guidance and
mercy to help the writer in writing the thesis in partial fulfillment of the final academic
requirement to gain master degree from English Applied Linguistic Study Program State
University of Medan. The writer hopes that the Almighty Allah always blesses all of us and
peace of Almighty Allah upon, the noblest messenger, Prophet Muhammad SAW.
The writer would like to express her gratitude to all those who gave her possibility to
complete this thesis:
The writer would like to thank her marvelous thesis advisers, Dr.Eddy Setia, M.Ed,
TESP and Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd for all brilliant ideas, valuable advices, affection,
patience, and precious time spent on reading, commenting, and supervising the process of
writing until it comes to its present form.
The writer would like to express the profound gratitude to her examiners, Prof.
Dr.Sumarsih, M.Pd, Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd and Prof.Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S for their
detailed reviews, correcting, revising, and suggestions in her thesis.
Sincere thanks goes to Dr.Rahmad Husein, M.Ed and Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S as
the head and secretary of English Applied Linguistic Study Program, as Farid as the
administration staff for completing the administrative procedures.
It is with affection and appreciation that she acknowledges her indebtedness to her
mother, Rasmi Riis for her affection, praying, motivation, supporting in financial and
The writer thanks to her beloved Halmi Elidar S.Pd and her husband Fariadi S.T, her
inspired sisters Halmi Risda and Rianna S.Pd, inspired brothers Rizal and Nur Bain S.Pd.
The writer thanks to all of PPMDH teachers for their affection, praying, motivation,
supporting and her best friends Rafika Purba M.Hum. Khairunnisa Siregar M.Hum and LTBI
B3 class who has accompanied her as long as this study in master degree program.
Finally, she is aware that nothing is perfect as well as this thesis. For that, any
constructive criticism, suggestions, or comments will be highly appreciated to bring this next
to perfection.
Medan, 1 Februari 2016
The writer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ... i
ABSTRAK ... ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……….. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS……… v
LIST OF TABLES ... viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ... ix
CHAFTER I. INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study ... 1
1.2The Research Problems of the Study ... 6
1.3The Objectives of Study ... 6
1.4The Scope of the Study ... 7
1.5The Significance of the Study... .... 7
CHAFTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Flouting maxim ... 9
2.2 Type of flouting maxims ... 11
2.1.1 The flouting maxims of quantity ... 11
2.1.2 The flouting maxims of quality ... 12
2.1.3 The flouting maxims of relation ... 13
2.1.4 The flouting maxims of manner ... 13
2.3 Process of flouting maxims ... 14
2.4.1 Reasons for flouting maxims of quantity ... 17
2.4.2 Reasons for flouting maxims of quality ... 18
2.4.3 Reasons for flouting maxims of relation ... 18
2.4.4 Reasons for flouting maxims of manner ... 18
2.5 Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC)... 19
2.6 Relevant Studies ... 20
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 25
3.2 Data and Data Source ... 25
3.3 Technique of Collection ... 26
3.4Technique of Data Analysis ... 26
3.5Trustworthiness ... 27
CHAPTER IV. DATA, DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Data Analysis ... 30
4.1.1 Types of Flouting Maxims in Indonesia Lawyers Club Talk Show Program ... 30
4.1.1.1 Flouting Maxim of Quantity ... 31
4.1.1.2 Flouting Maxim of Quality ... 40
4.1.1.3 Flouting Maxim of Relevance ... 43
4.1.1.4 Flouting Maxim of Manner ... 47
4.1.1.5 Flouting Maxim of Combination ... 49
4.1.1.5.1Flouting maxims of Quality and Quantity 50
4.1.2 The Process of flouting Maxims in Indonesia Lawyers Club
Talk Show Program ………... 55
4.1.3 The Reasons of Flouting Maxims in Indonesia Lawyers Club Talk Show Program ... . ... 59
4.2 Findingss ... 64
4.3 Discussion ... CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1.Conclusions ... 68
5.2.Suggestions ... 69
REFERENCES ... 70
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
TABLE 1 ……… 31
TABLE 2 ……… 32
TABLE 3 ……… 40
TABLE 4 ……… 43
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDIX 1 Flouting maxim all episodes ……….. 72
APPENDIX 2 Flouting maxim of quantity ... 190
APPENDIX 3 Flouting maxim of quality ……… 232
APPENDIX 4 Flouting maxim of relevant ……… 233
APPENDIX 5 Flouting maxim of manner ………... 247
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Backround of study
Flouting a maxim is signals to the hearer that the speaker is not following
the co-operative principle (Cruse 2000:360). The cooperative principle is a set of
four general rules to describe how participants ‘cooperate’ in conversation to
achieve smooth and efficient interaction (Levinson, 1983:101). In communication,
people should apply the cooperative principle to make the conversation work
effectively and run smoothly. By using a set of four general rules in speaking both
of the speakers will conduct the conversation well. In addition, Grice (1975),
people will have a successful conversation if they fulfill the cooperative principles
that are related in the four maxims of conversation. The four maxims are maxim
of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. The
cooperative principle describes how effective communication in conversation is
achieved in common social situations.
In fact, people sometimes flout the maxims or break the rule of
conversation. In conversing, they sometimes are not informative as required
(disobey maxim of quantity) can lead to ineffectiveness or convoluted
conversation because excessive contribution, not truthful (disobey maxim of
quality) can lead to errors due to a lack of understanding of information. Not
relevant (disobey maxim of relation ) can cause communication failures in the
conversation because there is no conversation between the narrator and the
manner) can lead to misunderstandings because of the ambiguity of the meaning
of the context of the conversation.
The examples of flouting maxim:
Rachel: Wow! How are you?!
Ross: Good-good, I’m-I’m married. (Shows her his ring).
From the dialogue above, we can see that Ross’ response in Rachel’s
question appears to flout the maxim of quantity. He gives superfluous information
to Rachel’s question. He should just answer the question by saying, “Good-good,
I’m fine”. However, he flouts the maxim of Quantity by giving addition
information, which has no relation with the question. Then it seems that he flouts
the maxim of Relevance as well. The answer “I’m- I’m married” appears having
no relation with the question “How are you?”. However, Ross states that
information in order to show off his marriage to Rachel. The reason for his
utterance is that Rachel knows that he ever loved her in the past and she rejected
him. Therefore, he gives that information. If all of the maxims are being observed,
there will be no additional set of meaning added to the conversation.
Dealing with the floating of Grice’s maxims, Nailufah (2008) conducted
research entitled “Floating Maxims on Grice’s Maxims in the Drama of the Death
of a Salesman by Arthur Miller”. This study focuses on how the maxim of
quantity, quality, relevance, and manner floated in the drama of “the Death of a
Salesman” and this study used qualitative method.The research findings on this
study show that all the four floated can be found in the drama. The utterance floats
the maxim of quantity when it is too long, the maxim of quality when it is absurd,
the maxim of relevance when it is unrelated topic, and the maxim of manner when
Sarah Rosalina Burhan in 2009 researched about flouting maxims in the main
characters of UP! animated movie. The researcher used qualitative research .The
results of this study found that there were 47 dialogues containing flouting
maxims in UP! Animated movie. That consists of four kinds flouting maxims,
namely flouting maxim of quality, flouting maxim of quantity, flouting maxim of
manner, and flouting maxim of relevant. The purposes of flouting the maxims
were to make the main characters are comfortable in the conversation, to avoid
other questions, to show pleasure or anger, and to show their knowledge on
something in this conversation.
The phenomenon of the flouting maxims occurs in Indonesia lawyers Club
talkshow program (ILC). This kind of program ofcourse contains a lot of flouting
maxims in communicating information. Sometimes both the speaker and the
hearer are uncooperative in conversation. This is due to the many flouting of the
maxim in the conversation. The guests often flout the maxim by giving more or
less information, hiding something, giving not relevant answer, and giving
ambiguous statement. so that there is misunderstanding in interpreting the
meaning and information conveyed by the speakers cannot be received by
listeners well. So as to cause a fuss and fights between them.
Here are the parts of the utterances of floating maxim has taken from ILC
talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviwees.
1. KI: Anda dikasi proyek?
SS: Jadi gini pak, makanya saya bilang tadi bahwa kasus ini sebenarnya cukup menarik, kenapa? Kerna kita ada beberapa orang ini saksi juga ada saya bawa di sini yang di MK, yang saya cari juga ada 3 orang di sini…
In the first conversation above, SS flouted the Maxim of Relation. The
answered the question by saying” Yes or No. The answer “Jadi gini pak,
makanya saya bilang tadi bahwa kasus ini sebenarnya cukup menarik, kenapa?
Kerna kita ada beberapa orang ini saksi juga ada saya bawa di sini yang di MK,
yang saya cari juga ada 3 orang di sini...” appeared having no relation with the
question “KI: Anda dikasi proyek?”. SS was giving an explanation that seemed
to be irrelevant to what KI had said.
2. KI: Arahannya dari mana kalau begitu, kalau bukan dari
KABARESKRIM atau KAPOLRI, kan anggota di lapangan dapat arahan, dari mana arahannya?
IR: Kalau misalnya kita masuk kepada proses penangkapan pak Karni, berartikan kita melihat proses penangkapan ini di kaji secara hukum pidana. kalau misalnya pihak tersangka komplin masyarakat juga komplin. Mari kita dorong pihak tersangka ini melakukan praperadilan sehingga kita mengkajinya itu bet.ul – betul dalam forum yang benar ya kan pak ...
In the second conversation above, IR flouted the Maxim of Relation. The
answer he gave is irrelevant to the surrounding conversation. He should have
answered the question by saying” arahannya dari KABARESKRIM atau
KAPOLRI. The answer “Kalau misalnya kita masuk kepada proses penangkapan
pak Karni, ...” appeared having no relation with the question “Arahannya dari
mana kalau begitu, kalau bukan dari KABARESKRIM atau KAPOLRI, kan
anggota di lapangan dapat arahan, dari mana arahannya?”. IR was giving an
explanation that seemed to be irrelevant to what KI had said.
The researcher would like to find out the maxims which are flouted in ILC
talkshow which are shown by the interviewees, to find out which is dominantly
flouted in ILC talkshow which are shown by the interviewees and find out the
reasons of the dominant type of flouting maxims in ILC talkshow which are
ILC is one of the popular news talk show programs on private television station
TV One . Facts show that the ILC is a favorite television program that awarded
panasonic AWARD in 2013 in the category of Talkshow and News and
Information Program
(http://life.viva.co.id/news/read/401390-indonesia-lawyers-club-sabet-npenghargaan-bergengsi-panasonic) and ILC also has many fans in
facebook social network about sixty nine thousands and four hundred people
(https://id-id.facebook.com/IndonesiaLawyersClubtvOne). ILC as one of the best
talk shows in Indonesia and witnessed by the community should reflect the culture
of Indonesia. The participants should be polite and respectable in accordance with
the educational background of ILC participants. The participants presented are not
only the lawyers but also the source of information related to the topic like, and
etc showed. They proposed their arguments through their utterances. This debate
forum became one of the means to explain this problem to the general public. In
these formulations are the guest stars would have to speak with the good and
straight forward. What language context in accordance with the current state of
society is certainly very calculated. The classification of context is very helpful in
interpreting the meaning of the language of the guests, and pragmatic knowledge
is needed to understand the meaning of this political language.
In response to the issues above, I am interested in analyzing the floating
maxims in ILC talkshow program on TV One. Thus, I would like to conduct a
study entitled “An Analysis on Flouting Maxim in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC)
talkshow program on TV One ”. This paper is aimed at examining Grice’s
Cooperative Principle and through flouting maxims found in ILC talkshow
1.2 The Research Problems of the Study
In accordance with the background of the study, the problems of the study
are formulated as follows:
1) What maxims are flouted in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow
program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees?
2) How are the dominant maxims flouted in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC)
talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees?
3) Why are the dominant maxims flouted in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC)
talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees?
1.3 The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are described as follows:
1) To find out the maxims which are flouted in Indonesia Lawyers Club
(ILC) talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees
2) To find out the process of the dominant maxims which are flouted in
Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV One which are
shown by the interviewees.
3) To find out the reasons of the dominant maxims in Indonesia Lawyers
Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV One which are shown by the
interviewees
1.4The Scope of the Study
This study will be conducted to find out the maxims which are flouted in
maxims of quality, maxims of quantity, maxims of relevance, and maxims of
manner, are flouted in ILC talkshow program. In the ILC talk show discussing
many issues of political issues, social in Indonesia such as law, human rights and
and etc. Thus, the study is limited only in observing flouting maxims on the
utterences with the topic of on ILC talkshow “KPK VS KAPOLRI: ujungnya
sampai dimana?” program on TV One which are shown by the interviewees.
1.5The Significance of the Study
The findings of this study have two general significances, theoretical and
practical significances.
Theoretically, the results of this study are useful for:
1. The enrichment of knowledge for the university students who are
interested in pragmatics especially in floating maxims.
2. Development studies on cooperative principle about floating maxims
which is known as conversational maxims.
Practically, the results of this study are useful for:
1. As a reference for the university students who are interested in studying
pragmatics and interested in conducting any further studies in floating
maxims.
2. For speakers and listeners in daily conversation. By obeying
conversational maxims, they have an effective cooperation in
communication. Then, they can create good understanding in daily
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
Based on what the researcher has written and scrutinized in the previous
chapter, she discovers that a maxim is flouted for getting a conversational
implicature. Therefore, it is important to know flouting maxim, especially in
conversation. Due to the important of understanding, flouting maxim of the
research upon the Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) has been done and the following
can conclude the result.
1. It was found that four types of flouting maxim (maxim of quantity, quality,
relevance and manner occurred in all parts of Indonesia Lawyers Club
(ILC) talkshow program on TV One. The maxim of quantity is the most
dominant used in the conversation. Besides, also found the flouting
maxims of combination.
2. The prosess of using the flouting maxim in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC)
talkshow program on TV One is by using implication to show the happens
in the conversation under certain situations, to give the information of the
opinions and arguments in detail, the speaker desires the greatest
understanding in his/her recipient because it is expected that the
interlocutor is able to uncover the hidden meaning behind the utterances.
3. There are two reasons for flouting the maxim: a) to explain more about
something; usually someone tries to explain about something by giving
much information and expecting that the hearer will understand more
more words to show something. They use this condition in order to expect
something from other person.
5.2Suggestions
Having seen the result of the study, the researcher would like to offer the
suggestions as follows:
1. It is advisable for readers to understand the cooperative principle with its
maxims, especially the four types of flouting maxim on Indonesia Lawyers
Club (ILC) talkshow program on TV one in order to avoid
misunderstaning among the participants and to get the speaker`s intention
through his utterances on the conversation.
2. It is expected to the teachers and students to pay attention to the dominant
type of flouting maxim on Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) program. It is
due to the dominant type of flouting found here (maxim of quantity) is
necessarily to be applied by the teachers in the classroom in order to give
more and detail information to their students.
3. It is suggested to other researchers and the students of English Applied
Linguistics, who are taking pragmatics, start to analyzing and conducting
further research in order to get other reasons of the dominant type of
flouting maxims from other topics and parts on Indonesia Lawyers Club
REFERENCES
Ary, D. Jacobs. L. C. Et al. 2010. Introduction to research in Education. Canada. Cengange Learning.
Brown, G. And Yule, G. 1983. Discouse Analysis. Newyork: Cambridge University Press.
Burhan, Sarah Rosalina. (2013). Flouting maxims in the main characters of Up!
animated movie. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: FIB Brawijaya.
Bernard M. Timberg. 2010. Television Talk: A History of the TV Talk Show University of Texas Press
Cook, G (1992). Discourse: Language teaching. Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress.
Cruse, D. Alan. 2000. Meaning in language: An introduction to semantics and pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Coulthard. M (1987). An Introduction to Discourse Analysis. London: Longman.
Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y.S. 1994. Introduction: Entering the Field of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Gazdar, G. 1979. Pragmatics: Implicature, Presupposition and Logical Person. England: Academic Press.
Grice, H. Paul. 1975. Logic and Conversation, New York, Academic Press
Hsieh, H. F and Shannon, S.E. 2005. Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis.Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Hutchby, Ian. 2006. Media Talk: Conversation Analysis and the Study of Broadcasting: Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Hu, Shuqin. 2012. An Analysis of Humor in The Big Bang Theory from Pragmatic Perspectives. A Journal. Vol. 2, No. 6.
Imelda, Alicia .2003. The Flouting of conversational maxims in FRIENDS. Bachelor thesis, Petra Christian University.
Lubis, I. Sari. 2012. Converstional Implicatures of Indonesian Lawyers Club Program on TV One. Unpublished Thesis. Medan: State University of Medan
Lincoln, Y.S and Guba, E.G. 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
Levinson, S., C. 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Leech. G. 1983. Principle of pragmatics : London: Longman
Mey, J. 2001. Pragmatics: An introduction. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Mohammed, A. 2012. Conversational Implicature (Flouting the Maxims): Applying Conversational Maxims on Examples Taken from Non-Standard Arabic Language, Yemeni Dialect, an Idiolect Spoken at IBB City. Journal of Sociological Research. Vol. 3, No. 2 September, 2012. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: King Saud University (KSU)
Marrying , P. 2002. Qualitative Content Analysis, Forum Qualitative Social forschung/ Forum : Qualitative Social Reasearch, 1 (2), art.20,http://nbn- resolving.de/ urn:nbn: de 0114: fas 0002204. Online” Retrieved on February, 20th 2015
Miles, M. B and Huberman, A.M. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Noviati, D. 2010. The Types of Converstional Implicatures as the violation of Cooperative Principle in the Talk Show Bukan Empat Mata in Trans TV. Unpublished Thesis. Surakarta: Muhammadiah University of Sukarta.
Nanda, S. , Sukyadi, D et al. 2012. Conversational Implicature of the Presenters in Take Me Out Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics Volume 1 No.2. Jakarta: Indonesia University of Education
Nailufah ,Yuyun (2008) “Flouting Maxims on Grice’s Maxim in the Drama of The Death of the Salesman by Arthur Miller.” English Letter and Language Department, Humanities and Culture Faculty, the State Islamic University of Malang . Retrieved on June 20,2015 from the Internet Website : http://lib.uinmalang. ac.id/thesis/ full chapter /01320027-yuyun-nailufah.ps.
Rahardi, R. Kunjana. 2005. Pragmatik Kesantunan Imperatif Bahasa Indonesia Jakarta: Erlangga.
Tennant, T. 2000. Talk isn`t Cheap: A Brief History of the TV Talk Show.
Wang, S. 2008. Study on Teaching the interpretations of conversational implicature in listening comprehension.
Yule, G. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
http://life.viva.co.id/news/read/401390-indonesia-lawyers-club-sabetpenghargaan-bergengsi-panasonic. Retrieved February 20, 2015
https://id-id.facebook.com/IndonesiaLawyersClubtvOne. Retrieved February 20, 2015
http://www.meseum.tv/eotvsection.php. Retrieved on February 20, 2015
http://linguasphereus.blogspot.com/2011/05/flouting-maxims-in-pragmatic-study.html. Retrieved on June 30, 2015
