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An analysis on Remi`s motivation to find his parents as seen in Hector Malot`s Nobody`s Boy.

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. s i s e h t y m f o e m d n i m e

r Secondly ,I’d ilke to thank al lmy firend sin Sanata d

A ( y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h

D ti ,Ika ,Vena ,Fajar ,Bowo ,Alex ,and everyone tha t I o h w i v E d n a h p e s o Y o t s e o g y ll a i c e p s e e d u ti t a r g p e e d y M . ) n o it n e m t o n n a c

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(11)

x e v i g s y a w l a o h w o y t e s a r P i j A , r o s i v r e p u s y

m s mepermission t o l eavetheof ifce s

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(12)

i x

S T N E T N O C F O E L B A T

Page E

G A P E L T I

T ……… i

E G A P L A V O R P P A S ……… ii

E G A P N O I T A C I D E D ……… vi O S ’ K R O W F O T N E M E T A T S RIGINALITY ……… v

I S A K I L B U P N A U J U T E S R E P N A A T A Y N R E P ……… vi

T C A R T S B A ……… iv i K A R T S B A ……… v i ii S T N E M G D E L W O N K C A ……… xi T N E T N O C F O E L B A T S ……… xi

N O I T C U D O R T N I I R E T P A H C ……… 1

A Backgroundoft hes tudy ……… 1

B ProblemFormulaiton ……… 4

C TheObjecitve soft heStudy ……… 4

D TheBenefti soft heStudy ……… 4

E De ifniitono fTerms ……… 5

1 Character ……… 5

2 Characteirzaiton ……… 6

3 Mo itvaiton ……… 6

E R U T A R E T I L D E T A L E R F O W E I V E R I I R E T P A H C ………. 7

A Reviewo fRelatedTheory ……… 7

1 Character ……… 7

2 Characteirzaiton ……… 8

a Persona lDescirpiton ……… 9

b Characte ra sSeenbyAnother ……… 9

c Speech ……… 9

d Pas tLfie ……… 9

(13)

ii x

f Reacitons ……… 9 g Driec tComment ……… 01 h Thought ……… 01 i Manne irsm ……… 01 3 Mo itvaiton ……… 01 a Typeo fMo itvaiton ……… 11

)

1 Int irnsicMoitvaiton ……… 11 )

2 ExtirnsicMoitvaiton ……… 11 b Domaino fMoitvaiton ……… 11

)

1 Mean sEnd ……… 11 )

2 Rules ……… 21 )

3 Transaciton ……… 31 )

4 Relaitonship ……… 31 4 Hierarchyo fNeeds ……… 41 a Psychologica lNeeds ……… 41 b SafetyNeeds ……… 41 c Loveo rBelongingnes sNeeds ……… 51 d EsteemNeeds ……… 51 e Sel fActuailzaiton ……… 51 5 C iritca lApproach ……… 61 B Teo iritca lFramework ……… 71

Y G O L O D O H T E M I I I R E T P A H

C ……… 91

A Objec toft heStudy ……… 91 B Approachoft heStudy ……… 02 C Methodoft heStudy ……… 12

S I S Y L A N A V I R E T P A H

C ……… 22

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ii i x

5 Uneducated ……… 03 6 F irendly ……… 13 7 Obedient ……… 23 B Rem’i sMoitvaitont oFindhi sParents ……… 33

I L P M I , S N O I S U L C N O C V R E T P A H

C CATIONANDSUGGESTIONS. 93

A Conclusions ……… 93 B Impilcaiton ……… 24 C Suggesiton s ……… 24

S E C N E R E F E

R ……… 44

S E C I D N E P P

A ……… 54

1 X I D N E P P

A :TheSummaryoft heStory……… 4 6 2

X I D N E P P

A : TheBiographyoft heAuthor ……… 84 3

X I D N E P P

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a ir e t a M g n i h c a e T : 4 X I D N E P P

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N E P P

(15)

1

1 R E T P A H C

N O I T C U D O R T N I

, y d u t s e h t f o d n u o r g k c a b e r a e s o h T . s t n e m e l e e v if f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h T

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d r o w y e k e m o s , tr a p s i h t n I . s m r e t f o n o it i n if e d s i t n e m e l

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t n a w e W . e fi l t a e r g a e v a h o t n o it a t c e p x e h g i h a h ti w d lr o w s i h t n i e v il e W

g i b a e v a h o t , y e n o m f o t o l a e v a h o t , y li m a f t a e r g a e v a h o t , e fi l t c e f r e p a e v a h o t

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(16)

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h to fus ,

t a h t g n i h t y l n o e h T . m e h t e m o c l e w s u e k a m o t g n i y rt d n a r o o d e h t t a g n i h c t a r c s

n o i s i c e d e h T . n o it a v it o m s i e r u li a f m o r f s u s e t a r a p e

s to get t hel fiet ha twewan t

d n e p e

d s on ou rmo itvaiton .Mo itvaiton wli lplay an impo tran trole which wli l

g a r u o c n

e eust oac to rdos omethingi nordert omakeusr eachou rdream.

f o s t n a n i m r e t e d y r a r o p m e t n o c e h t h ti w d e n r e c n o c y l d a o r b s i n o it a v it o M

l a o g f o r o g i v d n a , e c n e t s i s r e p , e c i o h

c -d riectedbehavior( Beck ,1978, p .24) .Thi s

a n i a m e h t f o s i n o it a v it o m t a h t s n a e

m spec twhich determines t he choice of t he

, s g n i e b n a m u

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d n i k s i h

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f e

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n o d e s a b d e t a e r c s i h c i h w s k r o w l a c i n h c e t r e h t o y n a d n a , e n i z a g a m , r e p a p s w e n

e h t , e fi l e h t , n o it a n i g a m i e h t n o d e s a b e d a m e r a y e h t e c n i s , y ti l a e r d n a t c a f

o i g il e r e h t , y g o l o e d

i n ,o reven t heperspecitve oft heauthor .No tonly t ha tworks

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(17)

y o B s y d o b o

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r o n g i S n a i c i s u m t e e rt s a o t h c n e r F r o o p e h t y b d l o s s i e H . y li m a f h c n e r F r o o p

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f s to

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T resti nanalyzingthi snoveli s t irggeredbyt heconfusion f

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o t d e rt a h s i h o t e u D . s t n e r a p s i h r o f k e e s t o n l li w e h , t e e rt s e h t n i e fi l o t e g a n a m d n a

d o o f e h t h ti w m i h e d i v o r p t a h t t e e rt s e h t n i e fi l s i h e v a e l o t y ti li b a n i d n a s t n e r a p s i h

. n r a e e h t a h t r e tl e h s d n

a Bu tinthi snovel ,Remydecidedt os earchf o rhi sparents .The

r e h c r a e s e

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t n e r a p n w o n k n u s i h r o f h c r a e s o t t e e rt s e h

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h c ir y r e v e b d l u o

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.

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r o f e r a h c i h w s m e l b o r p n i a m o w t e r a e r e h t ,l e v o n e h t g n i z y l a n a n

I mulated

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1 Howi sthemaincharacter ,Remy ,descirbedi nt hi snovel?

.

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? s t n e r a p s i h d n if

.

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o t s e v it c e j b o o w t e r a e r e h

T achieve in thi sstudy .The fris ti sto revea l

l a e v e r o t s i d n o c e s e h T . l e v o n s i h t n i r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t s a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c s ’ y m e R

s ’t o l a M r o t c e H n i s t n e r a p s i h d n if o t n o it a v it o m s ’ y m e

R Nobody’ sBoy .Thereare

c e w s e c n e ir e p x e s ’ y m e R m o r F . y d u t s s i h t m o r f t e g n a c e w t a h t s e u l a v y n a

m an

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e v e i h c a o t r e d r o n i c it s ir e t c a r a h c t a e r g s i h e t a ti m i o t s u e g a r u o c n e o s l a n a c y r e v a r b

. e fi l f o l a o g r u o

.

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o t n o it a v it o m s ’ y m e R h ti w s l a e d y d u t s s i h

T ifnd hi sparent sa sseen in

s ’t o l a M r o t c e

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. y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S f o m a r g o r p y d u t s n o it a c u d E h s il g n E f o s t n e d u t s

r e ti l f o k r o w a n i g n i d n a t s r e d n u r i e h t n e p e e d l li w y d u t s s i h t , y ll u f e p o

H ature .The

(19)

h s il g n E f o s r e h c a e t e h t p l e h l li w y d u t s s i h t t a h t d e p o h s i t i , y l d n o c e S

e h T . s t n e d u t s e h t o t e r u t a r e ti l g n i h c a e t n i e c r u o s d o o g a m e h t s e v i g t i e s u a c e b

f e n e b d ri h

t ti i sfo rothe rresearcher swho wan tto analyze thi snovel .Hopefully

l li w y d u t s s i h T . r e tt e b l e v o n e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u n i e r o m m e h t p l e h l li w y d u t s s i h t

y d u t s r i e h t g n it c u d n o c r o f s e c n e r e f e r d n a s e c r u o s t n a v e l e r h ti w m e h t e d i v o r p o s l a

.l e v o n e h t n o

, y ll a n i

F fo rme a sthe researcher ,i ti sinteresitng to read a work o f

l e v o n s i h t n i r e t c a r a h c e h t w o h e e s n a c I . e fi l l a e r s t c e lf e r y ll a e r t a h t e r u t a r e ti l

t a h t e l c a t s b o y r e v e e c a f n a c e h t a h t l a o g s i h g n i v e i h c a n i n o it n e t n i t a e r g s i h s w o h s

. y e n r u o j s i h n i s r a e p p

a I tgive sme agreat i nspriaiton i n facing all t he obstacle s

. e fi l f o l a o g y m e v e i h c a o t y e n r u o j y m n i r a e p p a l li w t a h t

.

E Deifniitono fTerms

g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m d i o v a o t s m r e t t n a tr o p m i e m o s s e if ir a l c n o it c e s s i h T

: y d u t s e h t f o t n e t n o c e h t t u o b a

.

1 Character

h

C aracteri saperson,i nadramaitco rnarraitvework ,endowedwtihmora l

y a s y e h t t a h w n i d e s s e r p x e e r a t a h t s e it il a u q l a n o it i s o p s i d d n

a -the dialog- and

o d y e h t t a h

w -theaciton ( Abrams ,1981 ,p. 20) .Meanwhlieaccordingt o Barnet t

w t s a h r e t c a r a h c , ) 8 8 9 1

( o meaning, t hef ris tonei sa ifgurei nt hestory orl tierary

a s a h r e t c a r a h c s i h t r e h t e h w , r e t c a r a h c e h t f o y ti l a n o s r e p e h t s i ti , d n o c e S . k r o w

, y d u t s s i h t n I . ) 1 7 . p ( y ti l a n o s r e p k a e w r o h g u o

(20)

a m r o f o t r o h t u a n a y b d e t a e r

c story through hi so rhe raciton ,feeilng and

. n o i s s e r p x e

.

2 Characteriza iton

s l a e v e r , s e t a e r c r o h t u a n a h c i h w y b d o h t e m a s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h

C ,and

e h t n o s r e p f o d n i k t a h w e n i g a m i n a c r e d a e r e h t , t a h t o s s e g n a h c e h t s p o l e v e d

2 9 . p , 7 7 9 1 , e l k n e H ( s i r e t c a r a h

c -97) .In t hi sstudy, t heword characte irzaiton i s

. y r o t s e h t e d i s n i r e t c a r a h c e h t e t a e r c o t y a w s ’ r e ti r w e h t s a d e n if e d

.

3 Mo itva iton

According to Smtih, moitvaiton (1982 ) mean s interna l proces s tha t

e ri d l a o g f o r o g i v d n a e c n e t s i s r e p , n o it c e ri d e h t s e c n e u lf n

i cted behavior( p .282) .

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7

I I R E T P A H C

F O W E I V E

R RELATEDLITERATURE

f e ir b s t n e s e r p t r a p t s ri f e h T . s tr a p o w t f o s t s i s n o c r e t p a h c s i h T

, n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c , r e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t f o s n i a t n o c t a h t s e ir o e h t e h t f o s n o it a n a l p x e

. h c a o r p p a l a c it ir c f o y r o e h t d n a s d e e n f o y h c r a r e i h , n o it a v it o

m The second i s

e r a s e ir o e h t e s o h t w o h f o n o it a n a l p x e n a s e d i v o r p h c i h w k r o w e m a r f l a c it e r o e h t

. s i s y l a n a n i d e il p p a

.

A Reviewo fRelatedTheory

n i d e il p p a d n a d e s u e r a t a h t s e ir o e h t t n a v e l e r s t n e s e r p n o it c e s s i h T

a h c f o y r o e h t e h t e r a y e h T . l e v o n e h t g n i z y l a n

a racter , characteirzaiton ,

. h c a o r p p a l a c it ir c f o y r o e h t d n a s d e e n f o y h c r a r e i h , n o it a v it o m

.

1 Character

d e e n e h t m o r f n e e s e b n a c t I .l e v o n a n i e l o r t n a tr o p m i n a s y a l p r e t c a r a h C

. l e v o n e h t f o t c e p s a n i a m e h t f o e n o s a r e t c a r a h c g n it a e r c n i t s il e v o n e h t f o

b

A rams( 1981)s tatest ha tcharacteri sar epresentaitono fapersoni nnarraitveand e l b i s s o p o s l a s i tI . ) 0 2 . p ( n o it a t e r p r e t n i ’ s r e d a e r e h t f o t l u s e r a s a s k r o w c it a m a r d

e h T . l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h c a n o n o it a t e r p r e t n i t n e r e f fi d s a h r e d a e r y r e v e t a h t

u g o l a i

d e, t het hought ,andt hewayoft hecharacte rbehavewli lhelp t her eadert o .

r e tt e b r e t c a r a h c e h t d n a t s r e d n u

s r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e r a y e h t ; s e ir o g e t a c o w t o t n i d e d i v i d e b n a c s r e t c a r a h C

e h t f o e l o h w e h t n i r a e p p a y ll a u s u s r e t c a r a h c r o j a M . s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m d n

(22)

e r e h t e d i s r e h t o n a n I . y lt c e ri d n i r o y lt c e ri d m i h s e v l o v n i s y a w l a y r o t s e h

T a re

y e h t e s u a c e b s r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t n a h t t n a tr o p m i s s e l e r a h c i h w s r e t c a r a h c r o n i m

e h t tr o p p u s o t t s u j e r a y r o t s e h t n i e l o r ri e h t d n a s r e t c a r a h c d e p o l e v e d y ll u f t o n e r a

o t n e m p o l e v e

d fmajo rcharacters( Abrams ,1981 ,p .20).

y l e m a n , s d n i k o w t o t n i l e v o n e h t f o r e t c a r a h c e h t s e d i v i d ) 4 7 9 1 ( r e t s r o F

e l g n i s a “ d n u o r a d e t a e r c s i r e t c a r a h c t a l F .s r e t c a r a h c d n u o r d n a s r e t c a r a h c t a lf

6 4 . p p ( ” y ti l a u q r o a e d

i -51) .One grea tadvantage o f lfa tcharacte ri stha tthey d n u o R . y r o t s e h t f o d n e e h t l it n u g n i n n i g e b e h t m o r f e m a s e h t y a t s y ll a u s u

s e g n a h c s y a w l a r e t c a r a h c e h T . n o it a v it o m d n a t n e m a r e p m e t n i d e ir a v s i r e t c a r a h c

.r e t c a r a h c t a lf e h t m o r f e ti s o p p o e h t r o y r o t s e l o h w e h t n i

.

2 Characteriza iton

l e v o n e h t w o n k o t t n a tr o p m i s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o y r o e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n U

f o n o it a e r c e h t s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c t a h t e t a t s ) 6 8 9 1 ( n o m r a H d n a n a m l o H . r e p e e d

r e t c a r a h c g n i v il a s a r e d a e r e h t r o f s t s i x e t i t a h t o s y r o t s e h t n i n o s r e p y r a n i g a m i n a

. p ( 81) .

d n a , s l a e v e r ,s e t a e r c r o h t u a n a h c i h w y b d o h t e m a o s l a s i n o it a z ir e t c a r a h C

r e t c a r a h c e h t n o s r e p f o d n i k t a h w e n i g a m i n a c r e d a e r e h t ,t a h t o s e g n a h c s p o l e v e d

2 9 . p , 2 9 9 1 , e l k n e H ( s

i - 79 .)

s r e t c a r a h c e h t e k a m o t n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c f o s y a w e n i n e r a e r e h T

1 6 1 . p p , 2 7 9 1 , y h p r u M ( s r e d a e r e h t r o f e v il a e m o c d n a o t e l b a d n a t s r e d n

u -173) .

(23)

.

a Persona lDescrip iton

. s e h t o l c d n a e c n a r a e p p a s ’ n o s r e p a y b r e t c a r a h c e h t s e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h T

. r e t c a r a h c r i e h t e n i m r e t e d n a c n o s r e p a f o e c n a r a e p p a e m it e h t f o t s o M

.

b Charactera sSeenbyAnother

s e y e s ’ r e h t o e h t h g u o r h t n o s r e p e h t f o r e t c a r a h c e h t s e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h T

g n il a e d m i h d n u o r a n o s r e p r e h t o m o r f e m o c y a m f l e s ti n o i n i p o e h T . n o i n i p o d n a

. e c n a r a e p p a d n a r o i v a h e b e h t h ti w

.

c Speech

r e t c a r a h c e h t s e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h

T ort hepersont hrough t hedialoguet ha t s k a e p s e h y a w e h t e b n a c t I .s r e h t o h ti w n o it a s r e v n o c r e h / s i h n i s y a s r e t c a r a h c e h t

.s e s o o h c e h s / e h t a h t n o it c i d e h t d n a

.

d Pas tLfie

n i n o s r e p e h t p l e h o t r e t c a r a h c e h t f o e fi l t s a p e h t s w o h s r o h t u a e h T

h c s i h g n i p a h

s aracter .Something t ha thappened i n t hepas tcan change someone .s

g n i h t s e e s r e t c a r a h c e h t y a w e h t n e v e r o r e t c a r a h c

.

e Conversa itono fOthers

g n i y a s s ’ r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a g n i s

U and thei r conversaiton , the autho r e

k il t s u j s i t I . r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t s e b ir c s e

d speech bu ti temphasize son the o

t r e d r o n i r e t c a r a h c e h t n e e w t e b n o it a s r e v n o

c revealt hecharacte randt her oleo f r

e t c a r a h c e h

t .

.f Reacitons

e h t f o r e t c a r a h c e h t w o n k l li w r e d a e r e h

T majo rcharacter sfrom thei r y

e h t m e l b o r p d n a n o it a u ti s e h t d r a w o t n o it c a e

(24)

o t r e d a e r e h t d a e l n a c s r e t c a r a h c r e h t o d r a w o t r e t c a r a h

c discovert hecharacteri n

l e v o n e h

t .

.

g Direc tComment

e h t n o t n e m m o c t c e ri d g n i v i g y b r e t c a r a h c e h t s e b ir c s e d r o h t u a e h T

.r e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p

.

h Thought

y lt c e ri d r o h t u a e h

T give swhatt heperson i st hinkingabout t o giveaclue .r

e t c a r a h c s ’ n o s r e p e h t t u o b a r e d a e r e h t o t

.i Mannerism

n a c r o h t u a e h t , d o h t e m s i h t h g u o r h

T descirbe t hecharacter’ smanne irsm , ll

e t o s l a y a m h c i h w s e i s a r c n y s o i d i r o , s ti b a

h the reader ssomething abou thi s r

e t c a r a h

c .

.

3 Mo itva iton

. ll a m s r o g i b e b n a c t I . e fi l r i e h t n i s e l c a t s b o d n a s m e l b o r p e c a f e l p o e P

. s e l c a t s b o d n a s m e l b o r p e s o h t o t t c a e r e l p o e p w o h s i g n i h t t n a tr o p m i e h t ,r e v e w o H

. e r u t u f ri e h t e n i m r e t e d l li w t i r o f n u r r o t i e c a f ll i w y e h t r e h t e h W

e n

O o fthe aspect stha twli ldetermine people to face these obstacle si s o

it a v it o

m n .Pert i(1981) ,de ifnesmoitvaiton as t heconceptt ha tpeopleusewhen t c e ri d d n a e t a it i n i o t m s i n a g r o n a n i h ti w r o n o g n it c a s e c r o f e h t e b ir c s e d y e h t

o it a v it o M . ) 3 . p ( r o i v a h e

b n i s broadly concerned wtih the contemporary d e t c e ri d l a o g f o r o g i v d n a , e c n e t s i s r e p , ) n o it c e ri d ( e c i o h c f o s t n a n i m r e t e d

t c a e l p o e p y h w s n o s a e r e h t f o e n o s i t p e c n o c s i h T . ) 4 2 . p , 8 7 9 1 , k c e B ( r o i v a h e b

(25)

.

a Typeo fMo itva iton

o t g n i d r o c c

A Sel fDeterminaitonTheoryt herearet wot ype so fmoitvaiton n

o it c a n a o t e s ir e v i g t a h t s l a o g r o d n a s n o s a e r t n e r e f fi d e h t n o d e s a

b (a sctied i n

) 5 5 . p , 0 0 0 2 , n a y

R .

)

1 IntrinsicMo itva iton

g n i o d e h t s a d e n if e d s i n o it a v it o m c i s n ir t n

I o fan acitv tiy fo r tisi nheren t y ll a c i s n ir t n i n e h W . e c n e u q e s n o c e l b a r a p e s e m o s r o f n a h t r e h t a r s n o it c a f s it a s

n a h t r e h t a r d e li a t n e e g n e ll a h c r o n u f e h t r o f t c a o t d e v o m s i n o s r e p a d e t a v it o m

s d r a w e r d n a e r u s s e r p , s d o r p l a n r e t x e f o e s u a c e

b (a sctiedi nRyan,2000 ,p.56).

)

2 ExtrinsicMo itva iton

s i y ti v it c a n a r e v e n e h w s n i a tr e p t a h t t c u rt s n o c a s i n o it a v it o m c i s n ir t x E

s u h t n o it a v it o m c i s n ir t x E . e m o c t u o e l b a r a p e s e m o s n i a tt a o t r e d r o n i e n o d

i s y ti v it c a n a g n i o d o t s r e f e r h c i h w , n o it a v it o m c i s n ir t n i h ti w s t s a rt n o

c mplyf ort he

t a r , fl e s ti y ti v it c a e h t f o t n e m y o j n

e he rthan ti sinsrtumenta lvalue (a sctied in )

0 6 . p , 0 0 0 2 , n a y

R .

.

b Domainso fMo itva iton

) 9 8 9 1 ( r e t p

A based on hi s“Reversa ltheory” declare stha tmoitvaiton i s n

i a m o d h c a E . ” n i a m o d “ f o s ri a p r u o f o t n i d e d i v i

d representst wooppostief ormo f r u o f e h T . ) 6 3 . p ( e m it a n i e v it c a e b n a c r i a p h c a e n i e t a t s e n o y l n o d n a n o it a v it o m

: s w o ll o f s a e r a s ri a p

)

1 Means-Ends

s n a e

M -Ends pai rha stwo state which called "Teilc" (o r"Seirous" )and e

f e r t I . ) " l u f y a l P " r o ( " c il e t a r a P

(26)

h c a e r n a c y e h t t a h t t n e m e v e i h c a e h t r o s l a o g e r u t u f e h t y b d e t a v it o m s i ti r e h t e h w

e h t g n ir u d t n e m e ti c x e r a l u c it r a p a f o e s u a c e b y l p m i s r o n o it c a h c u s g n it ti m m o c y b

h t f o s s e c o r

p eaciton .A sApte r(1989 )states ,“Wha tall t hi scomest o i s t ha tno t . y ti v it c a e h t e v r e s o t d e s u e b n a c l a o g e h t t u b , l a o g e h t s e v r e s y ti v it c a e h t y l n o

s n a e m e h t e m it e m o s ; y r a d n o c e s e r a s n a e m e h t d n a y r a m ir p s i d n e e h t s e m it e m o S

) 7 3 . p ( ” . y r a d n o c e s s i d n e e h t d n a y r a m ir p e r a

)

2 Rules

l u

R se ha s two states , they are “Conforming" and "Rebelilous" o r s y o j n e n o s r e p a r e h t e h w n o it i d n o c a n i o t r e f e r s e t a t s o w t e s e h T ” . c it s i v it a g e N “

e h t t s n i a g a r o y l e e r f t i g n i o d r o e l u r e h t y b s t n a w e h s / e h h c i h w g n i h t e m o s g n i o d

e m o s f i t a h t d i a s e b n a c t I . e l u

r onef ollowing ar ulest irclty t o do an acitonheo r .s

n o it a t c e p x e f o e r u s s e r p o t d e tt i m b u s s a h e h s

n i e d o m f o d n i k e m o s s a d e n i a l p x e e b n a c f l e s ti e t a t s c it s i v it a g e N e h T

. y a w r a l u c it r a p a n i e v a h e b g n i y o j n e s i e d o m f o d n i k s i h t n i s i o h w n o s r e p a h c i h w

n

I which ,fo rsome people, t hi sparitcula rway i sconsidered t o be i n opposiiton n e h w o d e l p o e p r e h t o t a h w o t d e r a p m o c e d i s t u o e h t m o r f t n e m t a e rt e h t d r a w o t

e t a t s c it s i v it a g e N e h t ,r e t p A y b d e t a t s s A . t n e m t a e rt f o d n i k s i h t g n i c a f e r a y e h t

a s a d e n if e d e b n a

c mode in which one enjoy sbehaving in a way which one r a l u c it r a p a n i e v a h e b o t e r u s s e r p l a n r e t x e e m o s o t n o it i s o p p o n i e b o t s e v i e c r e p

( y a

w 1989 ,p .107) .Ont heothe rhand ,conformis tstatei sdeifnedast heoppostie n

e h w h c i h w n I . e t a t s c it s i v it a g e N f

o someonei si nconformis tstate ,heors hewli l e k il t s u j r o y a w n o m m o c a n i t n e m t a e rt r a l u c it r a p d r a w o t t c a o t r o e v a h e b o t y o j n e

(27)

c i h w n i e d o m a s i ti : s i h t f o e s r e v n i e h

t h oneenjoy sbehavingi nawaywhich one r a l u c it r a p a n i e v a h e b o t e r u s s e r p l a n r e t x e e m o s h ti w y ti m r o f n o c n i e b o t s e v i e c r e p

( y a

w 1989 ,p .107 .) )

3 Transac iton

n o it c a s n a r

T consist so f“Sympathy” and “Mastery” which mean stha t t

e h w n o it c a n a t i m m o c n a c e n o e m o

s he r tii smoitvated by powe ro rconrto lo rby y r e t s a m t a h t t u o s t n i o p ) 9 8 9 1 ( r e t p A . s e s a c e m o s n i e v o l , n o i s s a p m o c r o e r a c

e h t g n i h c t a m n a h t e r o m f o ” ,s g n i h t f o p o t n o g n i e b “ f o y a w y n a s e il p m i

s e o d s i h T . g n i h t e m o s e b r o g n i h t e m o s o d o t d e d e e n t n e m e ri u q e

r not ,o fcourse ,

n a c t I .) 5 3 1 . p ( y a w s i h t n i l u f s s e c c u s g n i e b s i e n o e t a t s y r e t s a m e h t n i t a h t n a e m

, g n o rt s r o k a e w s i e n o r e h t e h w t u o b a s i e t a t s ” y r e t s a M “ s i h t t a h t d e d u l c n o c e b

t s ” y h t a p m y S “ e li h W . d e ll o rt n o c g n i e b r o g n il l o rt n o c , t n e i v r e s b u s r o t n a n i m o

d ate

d n u o r a e l p o e p h ti w p i h s n o it a l e r l a n o it o m e e s o l c s a h e n o r e h t e h w t u o g n it n i o p s i

, d e k il l e e f e n o s e o d , s i e n o e v it c a rt t a w o h , e l p m a x e r o f , o t d e t a l e r s i tI . r e h / m i h

( n o o s d n a s r e h t o r o f e r a c e n o s e o

d Apter ,1989 ,p .135) .A swtih the mastery i

e b , e t a t

s ng in the sympathy state doe sno tin tisel fimply tha tone expe irence s (

s i e n o r e h t e h w s i e u s s i l a rt n e c e h t t a h t y l n o t u b , y h t a p m y

s Apter ,1989 ,p .136 .)

)

4 Rela itonships

s a h t

I two state stha tare called "Auitc" (o r"Sefl" )and "Alloic" (o r t

e s e h T . ) " r e h t O

" wostatesr efert owhethe rsomeonecommti sanacitonmo itvated .

r e h t o f o t s e r e t n i e h t r o t s e r e t n i fl e s y

b Theset wostatesr efert owhethe rsomeone d n e t e l p o e p , s e s a c e m o s n I .r e h t o f o t s e r e t n i fl e s y b d e t a v it o m n o it c a n a s ti m m o c

o it c a r a l u c it r a p t i m m o c o

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r e t p A . d e e n s ’ r e h t o e h t l li fl u f o t r e d r o n i n o it c a r a l u c it r a p t i m m o c e l p o e p r e h t o h ti w d e n r e c n o c y li r a m ir p s i e n o h c i h w n i e t a t s a s i c it u A t a h t s e t a t s ) 9 8 9 1 ( w , n o it a u ti s a m o r f g n it ti f e n e b y ll a n o s r e

p hethe ro rno tthi sinvolve sinteraciton a s ti m m o c n o s r e p a h c i h w n i e t a t s a s i c i o ll A , d n a h r e h t o e h t n O . s r e h t o h ti w .) 8 4 1 . p ( e l p o e p r e h t o y b d e t a v it o m s i e h s r o e h e s u a c e b n o it c a n i a tr e c e c o t u A e r a y e h t , s e t a t s o w t y b d e t c e f f a s i n i a m o d s i h t , e r o m r e h tr u

F ntirc

g n i h t e m o s e v i g o t r e h t a r e v i e c e r o t w o h t u o b a s i e t a t s c ir t n e c o t u A . c ir t n e c o ll A d n a r e tt a m o n d e e n y e h t t a h w r e h t o e v i g o t t u o b a s i c ir t n e c o ll A e li h w e l p o e p r e h t o o t . d e c n e ir e p x e e b t h g i m t a h t s s o l f o d n i k t a h w .

4 Hierarchyo fNeeds

n i d e t o u q s a w o l s a

M Schutlz(1977 )states t hat t here are l evel so fneed s 2 6 . p p ( s l e v e l r e h g i h a o t e v o m t i e r o f e b d e ll if l u f e b o t d e e n t a h

t -64) .These are

: s d e e N f o y h c r a r e i H e h t .

a Psychologica lNeeds

h c u s s d e e n l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t f o s t s i s n o c y h c r a r e i h e h t f o l e v e l t s ri f e h

T a s

, t e m g n i e b y l e t a u q e d a t o n e r a s d e e n l a c i g o l o h c y s p e s e h t f I . c t e , d o o f , ri a , r e t a w f o d n u o r g k c a b e h t o t n i d e h s u p e r a y h c r a r e i h e h t n o m e h t e v o b a s d e e n e h t e l o h w s ’ e n o d n a n o it a u ti s y c n e g r e m e n a n i s i l a u d i v i d n i e h T . r o i v a h e b g n il l o rt n o c n i m r e t e d s i g n i e

b atebyt heneed. .

b SafetyNeeds

d e e n y t e f a s e h t , d e if s it a s y lt n e i c if f u s e r a s d e e n l a c i g o l o i s y h p e h t r e tf A s d e e n e h t s i tI . n o it a u ti s y c n e g r e m e n i s r a e p p a y li r a m ir p s d e e n y t e f a s e h T . e g r e m e r u c e s l a n o s r e p f o t s i s n o c s d e e n e h T . r e g n a d f o t u o d n a d e r u c e s e b o

(29)

, e m ir

c securtiy a sagains tcompany lay-offs ,heatlh and well-being ,and safety t

s n i a g

a illness/acciden tandt headversei mpact .

c LoveorBelongingnes sNeeds

y t e f a s d n a l a c i g o l o i s y h p n e h w e g r e m e s d e e n e v o l d n a s g n i g n o l e b e h T s d e e

n ares aitsifed .Thi saspecti nvolve semo itonally-basedr elaitonshipi ngeneral , h

c u

s a sf irendship ,sexua linitmacy ,and supporitve and communicaitve famliy . n

a m u

H needs t hefeeilng t o l ove and t o be l oved by othe rpeople .Wtihout l ove s

’ e n o e m o

s psychologica laspec twli lnotgrowperfeclty .Whensomeonel osest hi s m

o r f t c e p s

a thei rlfie they become suscepitble to loneilness ,socia lanxiety ,and n

o i s s e r p e

d .

.

d EsteemNeeds

n o it a u l a v e s i h T . fl e s e n o f o n o it a u l a v e h g i h , e v it i s o p a r o f s d e e n e r a e s e h T

e n a o t n i d e z ir o g e t a c b u s e b n a

c ed fo rsefl-esteem and a need fo resteem from r o f e v ir t s o t l a u d i v i d n i e h t s e t a v it o m m e e t s e f l e s r o f d e e n e h T . s r e h t o

f o d e e n e h T . m o d e e r f d n a , e c n e d n e p e d n i , e c n e d if n o c , h t g n e rt s , t n e m e v e i h c a

c e r , s u t a t s , n o it a t u p e r r o f e ri s e d a s e v l o v n i s r e h t o m o r f m e e t s

e ogniiton ,

. e c n a tr o p m i f o g n il e e f a d n a , s e it il i b a s ’ e n o f o s r e h t o y b n o it a i c e r p p a

.

e Sel fActuailza iton

d e e n s i h T . d e if s it a s s d e e n m e e t s e e h t r e tf a e g r e m e s d e e n f o l e v e l l a n if s i h T

s i e n o e m o s t a h t g n i h t y r e v e e m o c e b o t , e r o m d n a e r o m e m o c e b o t e ri s e d e h t s i

capable o fbecoming .The sefl-actuailzaiton make speople become the mos to f ri

e h

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e h t f o n o it a c if it n e d i e h t h ti w s l a e d d e e n s i h T . l a it n e t o p t s e ll u f s ’ e n o e m o s

d e e n l a c i g o l o h c y s

p fo rgrowth ,developmen tanduitilzaitono fpoten ital .

5 Cri itca lApproaches

l a c it ir c f o s d n i k e v if e r a e r e h t ) 1 7 9 1 ( s d o o W d n a r e g r e b r h o R o t g n i d r o c c A

6 . p p ( s e h c a o r p p

a -15) . They are formails t approach , biographica l approach , l

a r u tl u c o i c o

s -histo irca l approach, mysthopoeic approach , and psychologica l .

h c a o r p p a

e h t n o s e s u c o f h c a o r p p a s i h T . h c a o r p p a t s il a m r o f e h t s i h c a o r p p a t s ri f e h T

y ti n u e h t s a n e e s s i l e v o n e h t t a h t s n a e m t I .t c e j b u s e r u t a r e ti l s a l e v o n e h t f o e l o h w

p e h t f o s u o i n o m r a h e h T . s k r o w y r a r e ti l f

o ar toft henoveli sdeterminedf romt he 6 . p p ( e r u t c u rt s e h t e n i m r e t e d s e u q i n h c e t e h t f o s r e tt a m e h t w o h d n a e r u t c u rt

s - .)8

o t s m i a h c a o r p p a s i h T . h c a o r p p a y h p a r g o i b e h t s i h c a o r p p a d n o c e s e h T

c e b t a h t a e d i e h t d n a y ti l a n o s r e p e h t , e fi l s ’ r o h t u a e h t r e d i s n o

c ome sthe major

y e h t s a h c u m s a n r a e l o t t p m e tt a r o f d e s u e b n a c t I . k r o w s ’ r o h t u a e h t n i t n e m e l e

n i e g d e l w o n k s i h t y l p p a o t d n a r o h t u a e h t f o t n e m p o l e v e d d n a e fi l e h t t u o b a n a c

.) 8 . p ( g n it ir w s ’ r o h t u a e h t d n a t s r e d n u o t t p m e tt a r i e h t

t s i h c a o r p p a d ri h t e h

T hesociocu tlural-histo irca lapproach .Thi sapproach s

i focused on analyzing the nove lreference t o t he civiilzaiton t ha tproducest he .l

e v o

n Theciviilzaitoni sdeifnedast heatttiude sandaciton so fas peciifcgroupo f .

e l p o e

p Thus ,a nove ltake sthose atttiude sand aciton sa ssubjec tmatter .I ti s o

t y r a s s e c e

n invesitgatet hes ocia lmiileu,t hecutlura landhisto irca lbackgroundi n e

h t h c i h

(31)

s e s u c o f s i h c a o r p p a s i h T . h c a o r p p a a i e o p o h t y m e h t s i h c a o r p p a h tr u o f e h T

g n ir e v o c s i d n

o cetrain universally recurren tpattern o fhuman thought .These d r a w o t f e il e b n o m m o c y ll a s r e v i n u e h t d e r a h s e v a h o t d e r e d i s n o c e r a s n r e tt a p

.) 1 1 . p ( d n i m y ti n u m m o c n i a tr e c

d e s u c o f s i h c a o r p p a s i h T . h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t s i h c a o r p p a h tf if e h T

i y fi t n e d i n

o nganyaspec to fpsychologyt ha tunderile sacetrainelemen tofl tierary t n i o p s i h t n I . y r o t s e h t n i r e t c a r a h c e h t n o s u c o f y lr a l u c it r a p s t n e m e l e e h T . s k r o w

f

o view, t het heoryo fpsychology i smeantt o explain t hecharacter’ spersonaltiy, f

s e m o c t i e r e h

w rom, t hei deat ha teach character’ sbehavio rcould ber eferred t o )

3 1 . p ( g n i e b n a m u h f o y g o l o h c y s p e h t

e s u r e h c r a e s e r e h t , y d u t s s i h t n i r e v e w o

H s psychologica lapproache sin n i y e n r u o j a e k a m o t n o i s i c e d s ’ y m e R d n i h e b n o it a v it o m e h t t u o d n if o t r e d r o

r e d r

o to ifnd hi srea l parents .Rohrberge rand Wood s(1971 ) state tha tthi s f o w e i v f o s t n i o p l a c i g o l o h c y s p m o r f l e v o n e h t e z y l a n a o t s u s d a e l h c a o r p p a

e h t f o s g n il e e f d n a t h g u o h t f o n o it a z i n a g r o e h t m o r f s i t a h t , s g n i e b n a m u h

.) 3 1 . p ( r e t c a r a h c

.

B Theoreitca lFramework

t u o d n if o t s i e n o t s ri f e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i r e w s n a o t s m e l b o r p o w t e r a e r e h T

o t t n a w y m e R y h w n o s a e r e h t t u o d n if o t s i d n o c e s d n a y m e R f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t

s e ir o e h t e m o s e r a e r e h t , s m e l b o r p e h t r e w s n a o t r e d r o n I . s t n e r a p l a e r s i h d n if

n i d e il p p

a thi sstudy .Frislty , Iuset het heo ire so fcharacte randcharacteirzaitont o .

(32)

y h c r a r e i h d n a n o it a v it o m f o y r o e h t e h t s e s u r e h c r a e s e r e h t , y l d n o c e

S o f

o t y m e R e t a v it o m t a h w e z y l a n a o t d e e

n ifnd hisr ea lparents .Sincet herecouldbe s i h t g n i s U . c it s ir e t c a r a h c s i h y b d e t c e f f a s i n o it a v it o m s ’ y m e R t a h t y ti li b i s s o p

d n if o t r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t d n i h e b n o it a v it o m e h t t u o s d n if r e h c r a e s e r e h t , y r o e h t

(33)

9 1

I I I R E T P A H C

Y G O L O D O H T E M

, y d u t s e h t f o t c e j b o e r a y e h t ; s n o it c e s e e r h t o t n i d e d i v i d s i r e t p a h c s i h T

e h t s e b ir c s e d n o it c e s t s ri f e h T . y d u t s e h t f o d o h t e m d n a , y d u t s e h t f o h c a o r p p a

s i t a h t h c a o r p p a e h t s e b ir c s e d n o it c e s d n o c e s e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i d e s u l e v o

n usedt o

o t d e t c u d n o c e r a t a h t s p e t s e h t s w o h s n o it c e s d ri h t e h T . l e v o n e h t e z y l a n a

. y d u t s s i h t e t e l p m o c

.

A Objec toft heStudy

y o B s y d o b o

N ro San sFamillei sanovelw irttenbyHecto rMaloti n1878.

s a w t o l a M r o t c e

H aFrenchwrtier .Hewa sal aw studenti n Rouen and Pa irs ,bu t

a s e g a p 0 1 2 f o s t s i s n o c f l e s ti k o o b e h T . n o i s s a p s i h e m a c e b e r u t a r e ti l y ll a u t n e v

e nd

.s r e t p a h c 3 3 o t n i d e d i v i d s

i Thenove lNobody’ sboy useda samain sourcei n t hi s

h c r a e s e

r wa spubilshed and p irnted i n Kansa sCtiy ,Untied State so fAmeirca i n

. 0 1 0 2

a n i r e h t o m s i h h ti w s e v il o h w y m e R d e m a n y o b a t u o b a s ll e t y r o t s s i h T

d e d n u o w s n r u t e r e h n e h W . s ir a P n i s k r o w , n ir e b r a B , r e h t a f s i H . e g a ll i v h c n e r F

d r a h d n

a -heatred ,Rem idiscover she i sa foundilng .Barbeirn sell sRem ito a

tr a g n il e v a

rt ist ,Vtiails ,and hi sanima lrtoop .Heatr-brokenRemil eave shi shome

r e h t a f a s d n if y m e R , s il a ti V n I . e fi l s ’t s it r a g n il e v a rt a f o s p i h s d r a h e h t e c a f o t

o h w , n o s k c i s r e h d n a n a m o w d n i k a s t e e m i m e R y a w s i h n O . s d e e n e h t a h t e r u g if

m l a e r s i h y ll a u t c a e r

(34)

r e tf a e n o e k ir t s s e i d e g a r T . s il a ti V h ti w e v a e l o t s e s o o h c , h t u rt e h t g n i w o n k t o n

a h ti w g n i y a t s n e e w t e B . i p a C , g o d l u f h ti a f e h t h ti w e n o l a i m e R e v a e l o t r e h t o n a

s t e g e h e r e h w , s r e n e d r a g f o y li m a

f attached t o t heyounges tmute daughte rLise ,

, p r a h e h t g n i y a l p y b g n i v il s i h g n i n r a e , a it t a M d n e ir f t s e b s i h h ti w g n il e v a rt d n a

, e v il a e b y a m s t n e r a p l a e r s i h s r e v o c s i d e h l it n U . e fi l n i e c a l p a r o f s e h c r a e s i m e r

o d n o L o t y e n r u o j s u o li r e p a s e k a tr e d n u d n

a ni ns earcho fhisf amliy .

.

B Approachoft heStudy

h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t e s u l li w y d u t s s i h

T to analyze t heelemen to f

d u t s t a h t e c n e i c s a s i y g o l o h c y s P . l e v o n e h t e d i s n i e v o

l ies human behavio r

d n i m n a m u h h g u o r h

t .Therefore, what i tmean sby psychologica lapproach i san m

e l b o r p l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h t o t h c a o r p p

a a sthe case of the character smind and

d e lt it n e l e v o n e h t n i h ti w r o i v a h e

b Nobody’ sBoybyHecto rMalo.t

t u o b a s i y d u t s e h t e s u a c e b n e s o h c s i h c a o r p p a l a c i g o l o h c y s p e h T

t c a r a h c n i a m e h t f o n o it a v it o

m eri nt hi snovelt oachievesomecondiitonwhichhe

t c a f e h T . s t n a

w si tha tmoitve sare something t ha tappears in human’ smind .In

n o i s i c e d s ’i m e R s ’ d n i h e b n o it a v it o m e h t t u o b a g n i d n a t s r e d n u r e p e e d t e g o t r e d r o

h c y s p e s u r e h c r a e s e r e h t , s t n e r a p s i h d n if o

t ologica lapproach .Rohrberge rand

m o r f l e v o n e h t e z y l a n a o t s u s d a e l h c a o r p p a s i h t t a h t e t a t s ) 1 7 9 1 ( s d o o W

f o n o it a z i n a g r o e h t m o r f s i t a h t , s g n i e b n a m u h f o w e i v f o s t n i o p l a c i g o l o h c y s p

(35)

.

C Methodoft heStudy

In conducitng thi sstudy ,researche rused ilbrary research to analyze the

t s ri f e h T . l e v o n e h t e z y l a n a o t d e s u e r a t a h t s p e t s l a r e v e s e r a e r e h T . l e v o

n step t o

e k a

t isr eadi ngthep irmarydatawhichi st henove ltisefl ,Nobody’ sBoy.

o o b e h t g n i d a e r d n o c e

S kmany itmesi sdonetoknowt hestorywell .A tfe r

s s u c s i d o t g n it s e r e t n i e r e w t a h t s t n i o p t n a tr o p m i e m o s d n u o f I l e v o n e h t g n i d a e r

d n

a formulate the problem .Then , Igathered some data in thi sreading ;taking

o b r o f d e k o o l I , d ri h T . g n it h g il h g i h d n a s e t o

n okst ha tarer elated t omy studyand

I . m e h t d a e

r researchedonmanybook sdeailngespeciallywtihl tierature .Fou trh , I

e s u I . l e v o n s i h t e z y l a n a o t e s u d l u o w I t a h t h c a o r p p a e h t e s o h

c d psychologica l

t s t c e p s a e h t h ti w t l a e d I e s u a c e b y d u t s y m n i h c a o r p p

a ha tmoitvate the main

I , t s ri F . c i p o t e h t e z y l a n a o t n a g e b I , h tf i F . s t n e r a p l a e r s i h d n if o t r e t c a r a h c

d e z y l a n a I n e h T . d e b ir c s e d l e v o n s i h t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t , y m e R w o h d e z y l a n a

e t a v it o m t a h

w d Remy to ifnd hi sparents ,the reason to overcome the problem s

I , h t x i S . s e m it y n a m r a e p p a t a h t s e l c a t s b o d n

a drewconclusion f romallt hestudy

(36)

2 2

V I R E T P A H C

S I S Y L A N A

s r e w s n a e h t s e b ir c s e d r e t p a h c s i h

T to the two problem sformulated in

R f o n o it a z ir e t c a r a h c e h t h ti w s l a e d s i s y l a n a t s ri f e h T . e n o r e t p a h

c emi .Thes econd

s i s i s y l a n

a on wha tmoitvate sRemi ot ifnd hi srea lparents .In answeirng the

s e u

q itons ,ther esearche rwli luset het heo ire spresentedi nchaptert wo.

.

A TheDescrip itono fRemi

s e t a t s m a r b

A tha ta characte ri sa person presented in a dramaitc o r

, l a r o m h ti w d e s s e l b g n i e b s a s r e d a e r e h t y b d e t e r p r e t n i s i o h w , k r o w e v it a r r a n

l a n o it i s o p s i

d ,and emoitona lquailites t ha tareexpressed through whatt he autho r

7 9 1 ( y a

s 1 ,pp .23-25) .In Hecto

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