Binar Kasih Sejati, 2016
DEVELOPING SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-ENGINEERING- MATHEMATICS (STEM)-BASED WORKBOOK TO
ENHANCE SECONDARY STUDENTS’ STEM COMPETENCIES ON LEVER SYSTEM IN HUMAN BODY Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET...
DECLARATION...
ABSTRACT..……….……...
PREFACE...………....
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...
CONTENTS……….
LIST OF TABLES...………...
LIST OF FIGURES.………...………
LIST OF APPENDIX ...
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background………...
B. Research Question….………..
C. Limitations of Problem…...……….
D. Aim of Research..………...….
E. Significance of Research…...………..
F. Operational Definition
G. Organization Structure of Research Paper………..……….
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. STEM Education ………..…………..……….
B. STEM-Based Workbook ….……..……….……….
C. Students’ STEM Competencies ..……….………
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Type of Research Methodology ………...
B. Research Object ………..
C. Research Subject.…..………..……….
D. Research Procedure ………..………...
E. Research Plot ………..
F. Research Instrument ….…..………
G. Instrument Development ………
H. Data Collection Technique……..………
I. Data Analysis Technique……….
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Result ..………...………..
B. Discussion ....………...………
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, RECOMMENDATION
A. Conclusion…….………..……….………...
B. Implication ...
C. Recommendation ………...……….
REFERENCES...………..………....
APPENDICES...…………...……….
39
40
40
41
42
43
43
48
51
62
88
114
115
116
117
Binar Kasih Sejati, 2016
DEVELOPING SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-ENGINEERING- MATHEMATICS (STEM)-BASED WORKBOOK TO
ENHANCE SECONDARY STUDENTS’ STEM COMPETENCIES ON LEVER SYSTEM IN HUMAN BODY Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 2.1 CCSS-M and NGSS –Practice ……….…….……...………...
Table 3.1 Classification of Validity Coefficient …...……….……….
Table 3.2 Classification of Reliability Coefficient……….…….
Table 3.3 Classification of Discriminating Power ..…………....……...
Table 3.4 Classification of Difficulty Level ………..………….……....…...
Table 3.5 Test Item of Knowledge Understanding Result ...
Table 3.6 Test Item of Problem Solving Skill Result ...
Table 3.7 Test Item Specification of Knowledge Understanding …..………
Table 3.8 Interpretation of Normalized Gain Value ..………...…....
Table 3.9 Essay Test Item Specification...………...…....
Table 3.10 Scoring Guidance of Problem Solving Skill...………...
Table 3.11 Innovative Abilities Observation Rubrics …...
Table 3.12 Responsibility Value Observation Rubrics …...
Table 3.13 Categorization of Responsibility Value ………
Table 3.14 Designing Skill Observation Rubrics …...…...
Table 3.15 Specification of Students’ Response Questionnaire ……...
Table 3.16 Scoring Guideline of Students’ Response ...
Table 4.1 Development of workbook through outline construction ..………
Table 4.2 Indicator adjustment of Kurikulum 2013 and STEM learning ..…
Table 4.3 Recapitulation of readability test…. …………..………
Table 4.4 Recapitulation of interview test…… …………..………
Table 4.5 Result of Students’ Knowledge Understanding Test ...
Table 4.6 Result of Students’ Problem Solving Skill Test………...
Table 4.7 Result of Problem Solving Skill Process Improvement ………..…
Table 4.8 Result of Students’ Innovative Abilities ………...
Table 4.9 Result of Students’ Responsibility Value ..…………...
Table 4.10 Students’ Responsibility Categorization ….……...…...
Table 4.11 Profiles of Students’ Designing Skill ………...
Table 4.12 Students’ Pre-Design of An Egg Cracker …………...
Table 4.13 Students’ Post-Design of An Egg Cracker ...
Table 4.14 Students’ Real-Design of An Egg Cracker ...
Table 4.15 Result of Students’ Perception on STEM-Based Workbook
Implementation ...
Table 4.16 Result of Students’ STEM Response ...
Table 4.17 The Differences of STEM-Based Workbook and Non-STEM
Workbook... 66
72
73
74
76
77
78
80
81
82
84
85
87
Binar Kasih Sejati, 2016
DEVELOPING SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-ENGINEERING- MATHEMATICS (STEM)-BASED WORKBOOK TO
ENHANCE SECONDARY STUDENTS’ STEM COMPETENCIES ON LEVER SYSTEM IN HUMAN BODY Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 2.1 The Perspective of Crosscutting Concept in STEM ...
Figure 2.2 Massachussetts engineering design process ...
Figure 2.3 Process of Problem Solving Skill ...
Figure 2.4 Human muscular enable us to perform so many different activities…..
Figure 2.5 The position he is holding demonstrates his skill in balancing
multiple forces using the multiple lever systems of his body……
Figure 2.6 The first class lever arrangement, example, and in the body ……
Figure 2.7 The second class lever arrangement, example, and in the body …
Figure 2.8 The third class lever arrangement, example, and in the body ……
Figure 3.1 Research and Development Process ...
Figure 3.2 Diagram of Research Plot ...
Figure 4.1 Structure of STEM-based workbook before implementation ...
Figure 4.2 Possible Apparatus ………...
Figure 4.3 Possible Materials ……….
Figure 4.4 Structure of STEM-based workbook after implementation ...
Figure 4.5 Graph of Problem Solving Skill Process Improvement ...
Figure 4.6 Graph of Students’ Responsibility Improvement …..……..…….
Figure 4.7 Students’ Responsibility Categorization ………..………….
Figure 4.8 Graph of Students’ Perception on STEM-Based Workbook
Implementation ………
Figure 4.9 Workbook layout before revision (Text 6) ………
Figure 4.10 Workbook layout after revision (Text 6) …….………
Figure 4.11 Workbook layout before revision (Text 7) ………..……
Figure 4.12 Workbook layout after revision (Text 7) ……….……
Figure 4.13 Workbook layout before and after revision (Text 8)………
Figure 4. 14 STEM-Based Workbook Framework ……….
Figure 4.15 The example of successful egg cracker (functioning product)…
Figure 4.16 The example of successful egg cracker (improving product)….
Figure 4.17 Example of failure product (a) failed product, (b) failed
improvement ………
Figure 4.18 Development of students’ designing skill (a) Pre-design, (b)
Real design, (c) Post-design ………
.
88
89
90
90
91
96
104
105
105
Binar Kasih Sejati, 2016
DEVELOPING SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY-ENGINEERING- MATHEMATICS (STEM)-BASED WORKBOOK TO
ENHANCE SECONDARY STUDENTS’ STEM COMPETENCIES ON LEVER SYSTEM IN HUMAN BODY Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF APPENDICES
A. INSTRUCTIONAL TOOLS
Appendix A.1 STEM Lesson Plan ………..
Appendix A.2 Power Point Slide ………
Appendix A.3 Applied STEM-Based Workbook ………..…
Appendix A.4 Revised STEM-Based Workbook ………..…
B. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
Appendix B.1 Instrument of Validation Sheet ……….……..
Appendix B.2 Instrument of Readability Interview ……….……..
Appendix B.3 Instrument of Student Knowledge Understanding Test ……..
Appendix B.4 Instrument of Student Problem Solving Skill Test …………..
Appendix B.5 Instrument of Innovative Abilities Rubrics …………..……...
Appendix B.6 Instrument of Responsibility Rubrics & Categorization...
Appendix B.7 Instrument of Designing Skill Rubrics ………...
Appendix B.8 Instrument of Questionnaire Response ……….…..
Appendix B.9 Instrument of Observational Sheet ……….
C. RESULT OF INSTRUMENT TRIAL
Appendix C.1 Trial Test Item of Student Achievement Result ………..
Appendix C.2 Trial Test Item of Student Problem Solving Skill Result ……
Appendix C.3 Readability Test Result (Gap Test) ………..…………..
Appendix C.4 Readability Test Result (Interview Test) ………..……..
D. RESULT OF RESEARCH DATA
Appendix D.1 Data Processing of Outline STEM-Based Workbook ……….
Appendix D.2 Data Processing of Student Knowledge Understanding Result
Appendix D.3 Data Processing of Student Problem Solving Skill Result ….
Appendix D.4 Data Processing of Student Innovative Abilities Result …….
Appendix D.5 Data Processing of Student Responsibility Result ...……...
Appendix D.6 Data Processing of Student Designing Skill Result ...…….
Appendix D.7 Data Processing of Student Response Result ...…………...
205