LAPORAN
SEMINAR INTERNASIONAL DAN KUNJUNGAN PERUSAHAAN
(Individual Assigment to Review Best Practices in Japan)
Disusun Oleh:
Dicky Muchamad Ramdan : 120820160065
UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER MANAJEMEN
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MARKETING ANALYSIS
NAKAMISE STREET
Nakamise-dori is located in Chome Asakusa, Taito-ku, Tokyo-to. Nakamise Street which connects Kaminari-mon Gate and Sensoji Temple is a large shopping area. There are many traders who sell a variety of foods and souvenirs.
The route to reach Nakamise Street is easily accessible. The nearest station of Nakamise Street is just 2-minute walk away.The railway station is the access to the city in Japan, because train is the main means of transportation there.
This famous Nakamise-dori is the most suitable place to shop for typical Japanese cakes because it is said that the shops lined up on Nakamise Street have been established for a long time and are known throughout Japan even worldwide.
Traders on Nakamise Street are on average entrepreneurs or merchants with a small micro-business type. In some stores that sell food and Japanese cakes there are traders who are making and baking the food they sell one by one. Cakes and snacks at Nakamise Street vary and the prices offered are very affordable. The price of one small cake ranges from approximately Rp 8,000 to Rp 10,000, there are also packages that consist of several different types of cakes.
The food sold on Nakamise Street looks fresh and tasty and the packaging is made by the merchant who looks very clean and neat. In addition, there is also a shop that uses a very unique food packaging where when the rope contained in the food container is withdrawn, then the food container will release hot air so that food can be eaten in warm condition.
The price of food around Nakamise Street is relatively cheap when compared with other places around urban Japan. In addition to cakes, there are also a variety of souvenirs that are sold here. All foods or souvenirs on Nakamise Street have an average Price Tag or pricing information, so it's easy for buyers to know the price of foods or souvenirs to be purchased. Some shops even add a discount for the price of food or souvenirs they sell. It is clear that the traders in Nakamise Street area are very transparent in the matter of price.
The most expensive and most easily found food is ramen. One serving of ramen is sold for about Rp 50,000 to Rp 80,000, depending on the topping of the ramen. Another food is Yakiniku with chicken or beef meat of which price is more or less equal to the price of one serving of ramen.Other unique foods are chicken or beef satay and egg satay which of course have taste and packages that are different from those in Indonesia. There are also snacks made from taro, seaweed, and sea fish such as salmon, tuna and other fish species. Many other snacks are also easily found and affordable such as corn and bean snacks, chocolates with unique packaging, typical Japanese pastries, breads and fruits. One pack of peanut snack is sold for approximately Rp10,000 to Rp 20,000.
The most well known Japanese food in the world is Sushi, a lot of food traders provide various forms of Sushi with very good tastes. Sushi is very suitable with the taste of Indonesian people because it contains rice. Besides, the fish contained in Sushi in Nakamise area are very fresh. One serving of the dish containing of 6 to 8 pieces of sushi is sold for approximately Rp 50,000 to Rp 80,000.
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of which majority of the population are Muslims. Quoted in Tribunnews.com (Tuesday, May 30, 2017), the number of Japanese tourists coming from Indonesia when viewed from data for the first four months (Jan-Apr) in 2017 increased by 45.5% compared with those from other countries. In April 2017, the number increased by 45% over the previous year to 45,200 people. The increase is because Japan heavily promotes tourism in Indonesia, supported by the promotion of airfare to Japan with a very cheap price. The number of tourists increases due to the new direct flight from Indonesia to Japan which is very economical/cheap. With this potential, the number of tourists from Indonesia between January and April 2017 amounted to 121,700 people or increased by 45.5% over the same period in the previous year. With this percentage, the number of tourists visiting Japan from Indonesia is the largest compared with the number of tourists from other countries. When viewed from the percentage increase in April 2017 alone, the increase in the number of tourists from Indonesia to Japan is the 7th largest compared to other countries. The number of tourists from Indonesia to Japan in the previous year reached 271,000 people or increased by 32.1% compared to the year 2015. According to the data of UNWTO in 2015, the number of tourists visiting Indonesia amounted to 10.4 million people, while the number of tourists visiting Japan was 19.74 million people. France held the highest record with 84.52 million tourists per year, followed by the United States, Spain, China, Italy, Turkey, Germany, England, Mexico, Russia, Thailand, Austria, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Greece.
Seeing the increasing number of tourists visiting Japan, especially tourists from countries of which majority of the population are Muslims, it is necessary for Japan to have facilities that can accommodate Muslim tourists, especially in terms of halal/kosher food. For this purpose, some food traders already sell kosher food products (halal). In this Nakamise area, we find
some kosher food shops, most of the traders look like coming from the middle east. They sell Kebab, or other kebab-like foods using beef and chicken. Some kebab sellers can even say welcome in Indonesian language, probably because many kebab buyers come from Indonesia.
The traders in Nakamise Street area are quite friendly in selling their merchandise. Some traders can communicate in English which helps them to explain the benefits of the food they sell, but most traders do not speak English, so that foreign tourists have difficulties in communicaing with them.
Japanese society preserves its culture. On Nakamise Street, we can see many Japanese traders wear kimonos as traditional Japanese clothes. In addition, the architecture of the shops located on Nakamise Street depicts the typical traditional building architecture in Japan, so that tourists can feel a very different atmosphere when walking along Nakamise Street.
The souvenirs at Nakamise are very diverse, consisting of traditional items such as fans, key chains, masks, traditional clothes and accessories for men, women and even children which are very easy to find.
The fan with the typical Japanese fan shape is very popular in summer, almost all the tourists buy the fan because the air temperature can reach 32 to 35 degrees centigrade. The fan size ranges from small size for children up to large size for adults. Shades or pictures on the fan are diverse, made as attractive as possible so that tourists can be interested to buy. One fan is sold for approximately Rp15,000 to Rp 20,000.
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Japanese sports athletes namely Sumo, and Fuji mountain drawings or shapes that are well known throughout the world. One keychain or magnetic patch is sold for approximately Rp 15,000 to Rp 20,000.
Various clothing can be found in this Nakamise area, from traditional to modern clothing are sold in this area. Traditional clothing such as Kimono for men and women completed with Japanese wooden clogs are widely marketed. In Nakamise, tourists can also rent Kimono and its accessories. If necessary, tourists can also request services to dress up like a Japanese. A lot of tourists dressed in Kimono take a walk around this Nakamise Street. Modern clothing is also widely found and suitable for souvenirs. One shirt is sold for approximately Rp 100,000 to Rp 200,000 depending on the material, picture or paint.
Male and female accessories sold at Nakamise also vary which include wooden bracelets, rope bracelets, necklaces, earrings, men's and women's purses, wallets, gadget accessories (Mobile, Tab), unique rings, and other knick-knacks. Wooden bracelets, rope bracelets, necklaces and earrings is sold for approximately Rp 20,000 to Rp 50,000, while bags is sold for approximately Rp 200,000 to Rp 500,000 depending on the size and material.
In addition to accessories, there are also a variety of unique toys, including small dolls, squishy, ninja dolls, rubber samurai, puzzles, flats, action figures, small robots, and other children’s toys.
On Nakamise Street, we can also find shops that sell every merchandise at the same price of ¥ 100 or for approximately Rp 12,000. The shops sell a variety of souvenirs, toys, accessories and other merchandise at the same price of ¥ 100 per item of goods.
CULTURAL ANALYSIS
ASAKUSA KANNON TEMPLE
Tokyo is a metropolitan city crowded with people and their activities. To get away from Tokyo metropolitan crowd, tourists usually come to Asakusa district which is located not too far from downtown Tokyo. Although quite crowded and flooded with tourists, Asakusa shows a different face of Tokyo with its traditional culture.
Asakusa is located in Taito district on the west side of Sumida River. Asakusa was once used as temple city, with Sensoji Temple as its main attraction. According to legends, this temple was made by a number of fishermen brothers who found the figure of Kan'non (Goddess of Fertility) and followed it upstream of the Sumida River around year 628. Next, a temple was built in the area where the Fertility Goddess was told disappeared.
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Asakusa Kannon Temple is a temple that has a record as the oldest temple in Tokyo. Ever since its discovery by the fishermen, Asakusa Kannon Temple was built and enlarged several times so that its temple becomes magnificent as it is today. According to the story, the original Kannon statue found by the fishermen in antiquity is buried under a golden plate that is also a sacred place located in the area behind the main altar in the main hall.
Right at the end of the road, a smaller open-sized door is being used as an access to a five-storied pagoda area and also has a main hall. Near the building there is a spring where visitors can take the water with the dippers provided. Many visitors wash their hands and mouths before entering the temple in order to purify themselves. Visitors are supposed to wash all their sins before entering the temple.
Right next to the fountain, there is a place to burn incense, where according to the story the believers simply wiggle the incense burning to their bodies so that the disease in their body will heal, or the smoke can also be used to prevent various diseases. There are many people who go up the stairs in order to pray to Kannon or Goddess of Mercy. The condition of the room is slightly dim in this very beautiful temple.
Right near the altar, there are places where many people throw wooden sticks in order to know their luck. After depositing a number of coins, visitors can shuffle a container that contains wooden sticks until one falls out. The fallen stick has a number that will be adjusted to the piece of paper obtained in a cabinet. The piece of paper contain the forecast of the future.
Right in front of Sensoji Temple, there is Nakamise-dori Street, which is a market or trading area with many Japanese food shops and souvenir stores on the street. In addition to temples and souvenir centers as its main destination, Asakusa is a place or home for various cultural festivals that are routinely performed like the Sanja Festival, i.e. a festival with the characteristic of showing large lanterns and many being paraded around the city.
Wikipedia provides information about asakusa district: In the 20th century, Asakusa was a major entertainment district in the city of Tokyo. Rokku or "Sixth Region" was once famous
as a theater district. Rokku exposes famous cinemas like Denkikan. Asakusa's golden era is
also depicted in Yasunari Kawabata's novel titled 'The Scarlet Gang of Asakusa'. Asakusa area was severely damaged during the US bomb attacks during World War II. After the war ended, this area was rebuilt.
Asakusa is on the north-east fringe of central Tokyo, approximately one kilometer east of the Ueno railway station or subway interchange. Asakusa is a central area for Shitamachi, which
means "lower city," referring to the relatively low altitude of Asakusa city, on the banks of the Sumida River. The atmosphere in Asakusa feels more traditional than in the other parts of Tokyo.
In Asakusa area, there are many religious activities, one of them is Matsuri (Shinto religious celebration) in almost every season. The most popular activity is Sanja Matsuri performed in May, the street is closed from dawn until late in the evening.
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COMPANY VISIT
SHIN-KOTO INCINERATION PLANT
Tokyo is a large city with a dense population. The density leads to increasing public consumption, resulting in the increase of waste. The increasing amount of garbage of course must be managed properly in order to avoid bigger problems in the society.
Japan enacted the Act on Recycling Management in 1991. This was done with the aim of reducing the amount of waste and improving the management of waste recycling. Through this law, a company that produces goods should try to design the product in such a way that in due time the product of which use has expired will be easy to recycle. One way of recycling management by producers of goods is by giving a mark or characteristic on cans whether they are made of steel or aluminum.
In 1997, the Law regulating recycling for containers or wrappers took effect. It was used to regulate the disposal of packaging or container. Citizens consuming the product are required to separate bottles (Polyethylene Terephthalate), glass bottles and cans (from steel and aluminum). Manufacturers are required to collect and reuse (recycle) packaging of their products, including glass bottles, PET bottles, and other products. In April 2000, the Japanese government reissued another law regulating packaging of paper and plastic wrapping in addition to PET bottle types.
All households in Japan have been arranged for orderly garbage disposal, they can not just put all the waste into a garbage dump. Garbage must be sorted first and put in separate garbage bags. Basically garbage can be divided into burnable and non-burnable garbage, and other types of cans, bottles, and large-sized garbage.
Large-sized garbage is used goods that certainly can not be put into the garbage bag in general because of its large size. But there are also certain types of goods that although the sizes are not too large, they are still categorized into large-sized garbage. So it can be concluded that large-sized garbage can not be stored and put together in landfills in general. Therefore, the disposal requires earlier agreements, the pickup is done by a special agency appointed by the local government, and the disposal process is charged separately.
The local government basically wants stores and businesses to take care of their own waste disposal and pick-up through garbage pickups and unused recycling companies. However, local governments are finally willing to handle garbage from shops or businesses on terms of less than 50 kg/day, and must be marked with a special sticker.
In terms of recyclable goods, the Government recommends that the townspeople adhere to the 3R principle, namely:
1. Reduce (avoid buying unnecessary items),
2. Reuse (to maximize the item’s utility. Example: Use a bottle many times), 3. Recycle (sort items and return them for recycling).
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the table, etc.), and large-sized garbage (including TV, air conditioner, refrigerator, freezer, computer and washing machine). For large-sized garbage, the disposal required earlier aggreements, while for garbage in the form of large electronic appliances there is a separate procedure related to the management of the manufacturer of the relevant electronic appliance or agent.
For recyclable waste, the disposal is organized by sorting it into 6 categories, with different disposal or shelter:
1. Used magazines, old newspapers and the like (including brochures, envelopes, wrapping papers, notebooks, milk boxes, candy boxes, cardboard) must be neatly tied and separated by type. This category excludes tissue paper, plastic, etc.
2. Cans and Bottles (for food and drink) must be cleaned first. Bottle is discarded in yellow containers whereas cans in blue containers. Wrapping them in plastic bags is prohibited. Small bottles are excluded from this category because they are treated as non-burnable garbage.
3. PET plastic bottles (clear plastic bottles for drinks, soy sauce, sake, mirin) must have their caps removed, the labels are rinsed and flipped off. Bottles are dumped in
Garbage collection has been determined and done in rotation, for example household waste is picked up as frrequent as 3 times a week, garbage container and plastic wrapping are taken once a week, etc. All households are obliged to place their garbage bags or waste bags without pockets like old newspapers with ties into the various containers already provided in designated landfills. Certain used goods, such as batteries, must be collected or disposed of in a designated location.
In certain locations often held activities to repair furniture items that can still be used as an effort to support the realization of recycling. The goods that have been repaired are then resold with a lottery coupon system.
Housewives Association in certain places often organize the magazine, newspaper, cardboard carton and bottle collection movements, to be forwarded to the recycling centers of each type.
Local people in certain areas often organize the cleaning of tourist destinations, for example in the mountains, lakes or by the beach invloving groups of people to pick up beer bottles, used tins, and so on. Activists always carry large plastic bags in their activities.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is one of the many waste recycling processing factories spread across several districts in Japan. The garbage that has been sorted in accordance with local government regulations is then taken to a waste processing plant such as the Shin-Koto Incineration Plant. The garbage is picked up according to the schedule specified or arranged by the local government, to be further processed and recycled at the Shin-Koto Incineration Plant.
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related to the overall waste processing, so that visitors can understand how waste is managed and recycled into something that can be utilized in the future.
The initial phase of waste processing is collecting garbage in a very large space to be destroyed. After that, the garbage is burned with a very hot temperature. The burning process produces ash which can then be used to make "paving blocks" for road layer. Asphalt roads and paving blocks in the sidewalk area of Tokyo are mostly made from household waste that is disposed of every day. In addition to making paving blocks, burning garbage can also be utilized as power source Liquid waste is processed through water distillation to clean the water from waste, before being flowed back to the river.
The waste recycling system in Japan consists of two basic steps. First, the sorting of garbage material followed by garbage collection. Second, the processing and recycling of waste. Both of these things can be realized due to the mutual cooperation between the community/household and the government. Every household in Japan is disciplined and conscious in taking the first step. While the local government consistently performs the second step. Awareness and good cooperation between the government, citizens, and all elements of society make the process of waste processing in Japan run smoothly.
Compared to Japan, the waste management system in Indonesia is still far behind. The implementation of waste sorting can not be realized well. Some waste recycling/processing factories are already widely available in Indonesia, but they are not supported by a good waste management system. The factor that determines the success of waste management is the awareness of society and producers of products/companies of the importance of waste management. Such awareness is still low, even throwing garbage in its place alone can not be implemented perfectly.
The key determinants or success factors in waste management are public awareness and government firmness in undertaking waste management systems. The government as the policy-maker must be able to make regulations and firmly oversee their implementation in relation to waste management such as the regulations on sorting of garbage, waste disposal, producers of products or companies that contribute to increasing the volume of waste, and the construction of waste processing plants in each region. Meanwhile, awareness of the community is also very important in encouraging the creation of a good waste management system, for example by disposing of waste in its designated places, reducing the purchase of products that potentially increase the volume of waste, sorting waste into categories according to applicable regulations.
