MANAJEMEN PERUBAHAN OPENCOURSEWARE UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN JAYA Slide MGT403 PPT 1

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Chapter 2

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Learning outcomes

• _{Explain the complex nature of change in}

organizations

• _{Discuss the theoretical perspectives relating}

to the types of change that organizations

experience

• _{Critically examine the different types of}

change

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Agenda

• _{The nature and impact of change}

• _{Theories of change}

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POPULIST VIEW

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Change

Who moved my cheese?

(Johnson,

2002)

• _{Over 12 million copies sold}

• _{‘One of the most successful business}

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ACADEMIC VIEW

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Change is a complex and ‘untidy cocktail’ of

rational decisions, mixed with competing

individual perceptions, stimulated by

visionary leadership, spiced with ‘power

plays’ and attempts to recruit support and

build coalitions behind a particular idea.

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Change: content & process

Barnett & Carroll (1995)

Organisational change should be

conceptualised in terms of both

content and process:

• Process

– how change occurs (speed, sequence of activities, decision

making and communication systems)

• Content

– what actually changes in the organisation (many elements

of structure or radical shift in a single element)

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What is change?

Content

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The nature of change

• _{Incremental vs radical}

• _{Continual vs episodic}

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Punctuated equilibrium

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Components of punctuated equilibrium

paradigm



_{Deep structure}



_{Equilibrium period}



_{Revolutionary period}

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Theory O and E

Theory E

Theory O

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Planned change

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Planned change

1. Unfreezing the restraining forces that

maintain the status quo

2. Moving the organisation to a new state

3. Refreezing to consolidate the change

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Lewin’s model

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Centre for Global Learning

and Executive Education

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Emergent change

• _{Change is viewed as an ongoing}

process.

• _{Change emerges from the actions}

and decisions of people in

organizations.

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Typology of change

How change happens

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Planned

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Punctuated Equilibrium

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Summary

• _{The nature of change depends on the context}

in which an organization is operating.

• _{The typology of change includes how change}

happens, its magnitude, focus and the level.

• _{A people and process driven approach to}

change (Theory O and Theory E) can be more

effective than an either/or approach.

• _{Change is not a neat, linear, rationale}

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