Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Fatty Alcohol Secara Anaerobik

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Q

AnSTRAK

Pembuatan

fatty

alcohol

melalui proses iransesterifikasi

dan

hidrogenasi menghasilkan produk

/OI1V

alcohol.

rnctil ester. ghserin dan

glycertn pitch

sebagai limbah.

Gtvcerm puch

merupakan cairan kcntal

mcnyerupai pasta bcrwarna gclap kccoklatan dengan kandungan COD

sebesar 1,8 -

2: juta mg/l, Pembuangan

glycerine pitch

menjaeli problematika

tersendiri yang harus ditangani secara serius hila

elikaitkan

dengan

kecenderungan peningkatan pemanfaaian biocliesel dari metil ester eli masa

yang akan datang.

Pengolahan carnpuran

glycerine pitch

dan limbah cair industri ini

secara anaerobik merupakan salah satu alternatif yang clikaji kelayakannya

dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini terbagi alas percobaan pendahuluan dan

percobaan

utama

yang berlangsung

pada

temperatur

37"C

dengan parameter

percobaan yang eliukur mencakup COD, MLSS, pH, TVA, alkalinitas

dan

produk

biogas

yang

terbentuk,

Percobaan

pendahuluan

berlangsung dalam

bioreaktor

batch

dengan varialbel percobaan : sumber dan jumlah inokulum serta jenis

pengencer

glycerin pitch.

Percobaan

pendahuluan

merekomendasikan

pemakaian

inokulum yang bersumber

dari

bak ekualisasi

unit

pengolah

limbah

P.T. Batamas

Megah

sebesar

25%

untuk

mengolah limbah cair

pacta

percobaan utama.

Pengencer

glycerin pitch

yang elipilih adalah air limbah

.

I

dan unit clistilasi

metil

ester

dan

glycerin water evaporation

dcngan COD

umpan 46.120 mgll.

Percohaan

utama

berlangsung

dalam

bioreaktor

batch

dan

Bioreaktor Berpenyekat Anaerobik

(BIOPAN)

dengan

variabel

percobaan :

konsentrasi

umpan

dan

glycerin pitch

serta

tipe

bioreaktor

yang eligunakan.

Perbandingan antara

pengencer, yaitu

air

limbah

dati

unit

distilasi

metil

ester

dan

glycerin water evaporation,

dengan

glycerin pitch

dalam

kondisi

normal (N) adalah 81: 62 : 1,8, yang dirancang sesuai dengan kondisi

aktuaI

dilapangan

(pabrik). Pengeuceran umpan meningkatkan efisiensi

penyisihan

COD('l) dan

produk

biogas. Untuk COD umpan normal (N), 0,8N, 0,6N

dan

0,4N, maka

'1

adalah 34,80/0, 43,90/0, 46,3% dan 47,60/0, sedangkan

volume

biogas

yang clihasilkan adalah 310

mI,

326

mI,

741

ml

dan 1.535

mI.

Sebaliknya peningkaran konsentrasi

glycerin pitch

dati

normal menjaeli

1l0%

dan

120% normal menurnnkan

'1

hingga 12,4%(1I0%N) dan

5,1%(120%N). KineJja pengolahan

Ierbaik

dalam penelitian ini diperoleh

pacta

pengolahan

dengan

B10PAN

yang menghasilkan

'1

sebesar 80,4%

untuk COD umpan

O,4N.

iii

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ABSTRACT

Fatty alcohol production by trans-esterification and hydrogenation

process produces

fatty

alcohol, methyl esters, glycerin and also glycerin

pitch as wastes. Glycerin pitch is a dark-brown viscous liquid, which

contains 1.8 - 2 million mg/! organic matters in term of COD. Glycerin

pitch disposal could become a serious problem that needed to

be

handle, as

biodiesel utilization from methYl esters will

be

increasing in the future.

The combined treatment

of

glycerin pitch and other fatty alcohol

wastewater in anaerobic process is the technique investigating in this

study.

The

experiment

in

this study were divided into preliminary and main ones,

both carried out at the temperature of 37"C with

the

following parameters

evaluated, namely COD, MLSS, pH, TVA, alkalinity and biogas production.

The preliminary experiment

was

conducted in an anaerobic batch

digester with variables, i.e, the type and amount of inoculum

and

the type of

dilution wastewater used and the ratio of glycerin pitch to wastewater.

The

experiment recommended the utilization of inoculum from P.T. Batantas

Megah in amount

of

25% working volume be used in the main experiments.

Moreover, the wastewater snitable for dilution was the combination of

wastewater from methyl ester distillation and glycerin water evaporation

unit with the COD of 46,720 mg/l.

The main experiments were conducted both in the anaerobic batch

digester and anaerobic

baffled

reactor (ABR)

with

the variables i.e. influent

concentration and glycerin pitch concentration. The ratio between the

dilution agent (methyl esters distillation and glycerin water evaporation

unit) and glycerin pitch in the normal condition during experiment was (81 :

62) : 1.8, respectively. The experiment result shows that the dilution of

influent concentration increased COD reduction efficiency (11) and biogas

production. The 11 for normal concentration (N); 0.8N; 0.6N; O.4N were

34.8%; 43.9%; 46.3% and 47.6% while the biogas produced were 310 ml;

326 ml; 741 ml and 1.535 mi. respectively. Meanwhile,

by

increasing the

glycerin pitch concentration to

1111"'"

and 120% from normal condition

decreased the 11 from 47.6%

10

l:!.4%IlJO% normal) and

ＵＮＱｾＢ＼ＱＲＰ

normal). The best treatment performance was achieved

by using ABR with

'1

of 80.4% for influent concentration of O.4N.

1\

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