S k r i p s i
D i s u s u n o l e h :
A u d y R a m a n d h a
10 9 0 9 10 0 0 15 9
P R O G R A M S T U D I T E K N I K IN F O R M A T I K A
F A K U L T A S S A I N S D A N T E K N O L O G I
S K K I P S I
S e b a g a i S a l a h S a t u S y a r a t u n t u k M e m p e r o l e h G e l a r
S a r j a n a K o m p u t e r
P a d a F a k u l t a s S a i n s d a n T e k n o l o g i
U n i v e r s i t a s I s l a m N e g e r i S y a r i f H i d a y a t u l l a h J a k a r t a
O l c h :
A u d y R a m a n d h a
1 0 9 0 9 1 0 0 0 1 5 9
P R O G R A M S T U D I T E K N I K I N F O R M A T I K A
F A K U L T A S S A I N S D A N T E K N O L O G I
S K R E P S I
S e b a g a i S a l a h S a t u S y a r a t U n t u k M e m p e r o l e h G e l a r S a r j a n a K o m p u t e r
F a k u l t a s S a i n s d a n T c k n o l o g i
U n i v e r s i t a s I s l a m N e g c r i S y a r i f H i d a y a t u l l a h J a k a r t a
O l e h :
A U D Y R A M A N D H A
1 0 9 0 9 1 0 0 0 1 5 9
M e n y e t u j u i ,
P e m b im b in g I
P e m b i m b i n g II
F e r i F a h r i a n t o M . S c
N I P . 1 9 8 0 0 0 2 9 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 2
H e n d r a B
l s e n o M . K o m
N I P . 1 9 8 2 1 2 1 1 2 0 0 9 1 2 1 0 0 3
M e n g e t a h u i ,
K c t u a P r o g r a m S t u d i T c k n i k I n f o r m a t i k a
A r i n i . M T
S k r i p s i
S e b a g a i S a l a h S a t u S y a r a t U n t u k M e m p e r o l e h G e l a r S a r j a n a K o m p u t e r
P a d a F a k u l t a s S a i n s d a n T e k n o l o g i
U n i v e r s i t a s I s l a m N e g e r i S y a r i f H i d a y a t u l l a h J a k a r t a
O l e h :
A U D Y R A M A N D I I A
N I M : 1 0 9 0 9 1 0 0 0 1 5 9
M e n y e t u j u i ,
P e m b i m b i n g I
F e r i F a h r i a n t o . M . S c
N I P . 1 9 8 0 0 8 2 9 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 2
P e m b j b n b i n g II
/
H e n d r a B a v u
n o M . K o m
N I P . 1 9 8 2 1 2 1 f 2 0 0 9 1 2 1 0 0 3
P e n g u j i I
c
A + Q ^
A n d r e w F i a d e . M . K o m
N I P . 1 9 8 2 0 8 1 1 2 0 0 9 1 0 0 4
y n s ^ j / m T e k n o l o g i
i n . N l.S i
H
k
3 999903 1 003
M e n g e t a h u i ,
K e t u a P r o g r a m
S t u d i T e k n i k I n f o r m a t i k a
N I P . 1 9 7 6 0 1 3 1 2 0 0 9 0 1 2 0 0 1
. 1 9 8 2 0 8 2 3 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 3
D E N G A N I N I S A Y A M E N Y A T A K A N
B A H V V A S K R I P S I
I N I B E N A R
A S M H A S I L K A R Y A S E N D I R I Y A N G B E U J M P E R N A H D I A J U K A N
S E B A G A I
S K R I P S I
A T A U
K A R Y A
I L M I A H
P A D A
P E R G U R U A N
T I N G G I A T A U L E M B A G A M A N A P U N .
J a k a r t a ,
10 F e b r u a r i 2 0 1 5
A u d v R a m a n d h a
N I M . 1 0 9 0 9 1 0 0 0 1 5 9
A B S T R A K
l l i n g g a s a a t i n i
( S C A D A )
m e m p a k a n s i s t e m c o n t r o l d a t a d a n p e n g a w a s a n
d i g i t a l y a n g s e d a n g p o p u l c r d a n b a n y a k d i t c r a p k a n d a l a m b c r b a g a i b i d a n g b a i k
i n d u s t r i , p e r o r a n g a n , d a n j u g a e n e r g i . A d a n y a d u k u n g a n p e r k e m b a n g a n t e k n o l o g i
j a r i n g a n k o m u n i k a s i d a t a s c r t a a p l i k a s i s i s t e m o p c r a s i y a n g
m o b i l e
y a n g s u d a l i
d a p a t d i t c r a p k a n d i
d a l a m
p e r a n g k a t
h a n d p h o n e
s c p e r t i
A n d r o i d , d e n g a n
d u k u n g a n t e k n o l o g i d i d a l a m n y a t e r m a s u k n i r k a b e l , k e m u d a h a n a k s e s d a t a
m e n j a d i l e b i h t e r o r g a n i s i r d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n p r o t o k o l M o d b u s . D u k u n g a n
J a v a u n t u k S C A D A s u d a h m u l a i d i b e r i k a n d e n g a n a d a n y a
l i b r a r y o p e n s o u r c e
y a n g b e r n a m a J a v a M o d b u s ( J a m o d ) y a n g m e n d u k u n g p r o t o k o l M o d b u s d e n g a n
T C P / I P . P r o s e s m o n i t o r i n g y a n g d i j a l a n k a n t c n t u t i d a k o p t i m a l t a n p a p c r a n s i s t e m
u n t u k m c n c a t a t d a t a y a n g a d a m c l a l u i l i b r a r y y a n g b e r p c r a n d a l a m p r o s e s
p c n c a t a t a n a t a s a k u i s i s i d a t a y a i t u O p c n c s v . D a l a m p r o s e s p c n g o p c r a s i a n S C A D A
y a n g t e l a h t e r k o n s e p d e n g a n b a i k d e n g a n S i s t e m A p l i k a s i A n d r o i d t e n t u n y a
d i r a n c a n g d e n g a n m e n u y a n g s e d e r h a n a d a n m u d a h d i m e n g e r t i t e r u t a m a u n t u k
p r o s e s t r a i n i n g y a n g c f e k t i f s e b e l u m o p e r a t o r b e k e r j a d i l a p a n g a n . D a l a m
p e n d u k u n g p r o s e s p e l a t i h a n S C A D A y a n g e f e k t i f , p e n u l i s b e r i n i s i a t i f u n t u k
m e n a m b a h k a n s i m u l a t o r p e n d u k u n g i n p u t d a t a y a n g b e r n a m a M o d b u s P a l . P i r a n t i
l u n a k in i s e l a i n m e m p e r m u d a h p e m b e l a j a r a n j u g a d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t m e n e k a n
b i a y a a t a s p e n g a d a a n m o d u l e p e r a n g k a t k e r a s y a n g d i n i l a i m c m a k a n b i a y a y a n g
t i n g g i j u g a k o n f i g u r a s i y a n g m e n y i t a w a k t u . D i h a r a p k a n d e n g a n a d a n y a S k r i p s i
in i
b e r t u j u a n
m e m b u a t
a p l i k a s i
y a n g
m a m p u
m e l a k u k a n
p e n g e n d a l i a n
p e n g a w a s a n d a n j u g a a k u i s i s i d a t a y a n g b a i k d e n g a n d u k u n g a n t e k n o l o g i t e r b a r u
y a n g d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t d i k e m b a n g k a n u n t u k p e l a t i h a n d a n j u g a i m p l e m e n t a s i d i
l a p a n g a n . M e t o d e y a n g d i g u n a k a n p a d a s k r i p s i i n i a d a l a h m o d e l p r o s e s
e x tr e m e
p r o g r a m m i n g
k a r e n a a p l i k a s i y a n g a k a n d i b u a t t i d a k m e m b u t u h k a n w a k t u y a n g
l a m a
( A g i l e m e th o d )
d e n g a n m e t h o d p e n g e t c s a n
B l a c k b o x te s tin g .
B a h a s a
p e m r o g r a m a n
J a v a
p a d a
s m a r t p h o n e A n d r o id .
I n t i d a r i s k r i p s i i n i y a i t u t c r l c t a k
p a d a i m p l e m e n t a s i S C A D A p a d a O S A n d r o i d d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n
L i b r a r y
S C A D A y a i t u
J a m o d ,
t r a n s f e r d a t a m e n g g u n a k a n j a r i n g a n N i r k a b e l y a n g
d i d u k u n g
p r o t o k o l
M o d b u s
T C P /I P
d e n g a n
s i m u l a t o r
t r a n s m i s i
d a ta
m e n g g u n a k a n
M o d b u s P a l
d e n g a n l i b r a r y O p e n C S V u n t u k m e n y i m p a n d a t a y a n g
t c r a k u i s i s i d e n g a n
f o r m a t f i l e
C S V . D a t a d a n i n f o r m a s i y a n g d i t a m p i l k a n p a d a
a p l i k a s i in i d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t m e n j a w a b k c n d a l a i m p l e m e n t a s i S C A D A y a n g
d i n i l a i c u k u p s u l i t t e r u t a m a d a l a m p c n g a p l i k a s i a n d e n g a n t e k n o l o g i t e r b a r u u n t u k
b c r b a g a i k e p e r l u a n .
B i s m i
1 l a h i r r a h m a n i r r a h i m ,
A l h a m d u l i l l a h , p u j i s y u k u r p e n u l i s p a n j a t k a n k e p a d a A l l a h S u b h a n a h u W a
T a ' a l a a t a s s e l u r u h r a h m a t d a n k a r u n i a - N y a y a n g d i b e r i k a n k e p a d a p e n u l i s
s c h i n g g a p e n u l i s d a p a t m c l a k s a n a k a n p c n c l i t i a n s k r i p s i i n i d a n m c n y c l c s a i k a n
p e n u l i s a n n y a d e n g a n b a i k . S h a l a w a t s e r t a s a l a m s e l a l u t e r s a m p a i k a n k e p a d a
R a s u l u l l a h
S h a l a l l a h u
‘ A l a i h i
W a s a l l a m ,
k e l u a r g a n y a ,
s a h a b a t n y a ,
s e r t a
p e n g i k u t n y a y a n g s e t i a h i n g g a a k h i r z a m a n .
S k r i p s i i n i b e r j u d u l
“ I m p l e m e n t a s i
S C A D A
p a d a A n d r o i d d e n g a n
S i m u l a t o r
M o d b u s p a l S t u d i
K a s u s
P e r u s a h a a n
X ” , y a n g d i s u s u n u n t u k
m e m e n u h i s a l a l i s a t u s y a r a t d a l a m m e n y e l e s a i k a n p r o g r a m S t r a t a 1 p a d a P r o g r a m
S t u d i T c k n i k I n f o r m a t i k a d i U n i v e r s i t a s I s l a m N e g e r i S y a r i f H i d a y a t u l l a h J a k a r t a .
H a r a p a n b a h w a s k r i p s i i n i d a p a t b c r m a n f a a t b a g i s e m u a p i h a k y a n g
b e r k e p e n t i n g a n , m e r u p a k a n k e b a h a g i a a n t e r s e n d i r i b a g i p e n u l i s w a l a u p u n d i s a d a r i
b a h w a “ t i a d a g a d i n g y a n g t a k r e t a k ” t i d a k a d a s e s u a t u p u n y a n g s e m p u r n a
m c l a i n k a n A l l a h S W T S a n g M a h a P e n g u a s a A l a m S e m e s t a .
P a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i , p e n u l i s i n g i n m e n y a m p a i k a n u e a p a n t e r i m a k a s i h
k e p a d a p i h a k - p i h a k y a n g t e l a h m e n d u k u n g t e r s e l e s a i k a n n y a s k r i p s i in i. K a r e n a
t a n p a d u k u n g a n d a r i m e r e k a , p e n u l i s t i d a k a k a n m a m p u m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i in i
d e n g a n b a i k . M e r e k a y a n g t e l a h m e n d u k u n g p e n u l i s a d a l a h :
1.
I b u d a n A l m a r h u m A y a h t e r c i n t a y a n g s e l a l u m e n g i r i n g i d o ' a d a l a m s e t i a p
3 . I b u A r i n i . M T , s e b a g a i K e t u a P r o g r a m S t u d i T e k n i k I n f o r m a t i k a , F a k u l t a s
S a i n s d a n T e k n o l o g i . U n i v e r s i t a s I s l a m N e g e r i S y a r i f H i d a y a t u l l a h J a k a r t a .
4 .
B a p a k F e r i F a h r i a n t o M . S c , s e l a k u d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g I d a n S e k r e t a r i s K e t u a
P r o g r a m S t u d i T e k n i k I n f o r m a t i k a , F a k u l t a s S a i n s d a n T e k n o l o g i , U n i v e r s i t a s
I s l a m N e g e r i S y a r i f H i d a y a t u l l a h J a k a r t a , y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i b a n y a k
m a s u k a n b a g i p e n u l i s d a l a m m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i in i.
5.
B a p a k H e n d r a B a y u S u s e n o M . K o m . s e l a k u d o s e n p e m b i m b i n g II p e n u l i s
y a n g s e l a l u m e n y e m a n g a t i a n a k d i d i k n y a d a n j u g a t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n b a n y a k
b a n t u a n b a g i p e n u l i s d a l a m m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i in i.
6 .
A n g g i C i p l a B c r l i a n i ,
i s t r i s a y a ,
y a n g t a k h e n t i - h e n t i n y a m e m b e r i k a n
s e m a n g a t , w a k t u d a n d o ’a u n t u k m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i i n i , m e m b e r i k a n
m o t i v a s i d i s a a l p e n u l i s m u l a i j e n u h d e n g a n s k r i p s i in i.
7 .
L u t h f i A u r u m A r r a s y i d , A n a k k u y a n g s e l a l u m e n e m a n i a y a h n y a b e g a d a n g d a n
m e n g g a n g g u a y a h n y a d e n g a n m e m b a n t u “ m e n g e t i k ” s e r t a s e n y u m a n n y a y a n g
m c m b u a t l e l a h p e r g i m e n g h i l a n g .
8 .
S a u d a r a - s a u d a r a k u s e p e r j u a n g a n d i T e k n i k I n f o r m a t i k a y a n g s u d a h m e n e m a n i
p e n u l i s d a l a m m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i i n i . t e r u t a m a s a h a b a t - s a h a b a t k u s e m u a d i
F S T T I a n g k a t a n 2 0 0 9 . T e r i m a k a s i h .
9 . T e m a n - t e m a n s a y a d i P e r u s a h a a n X , t e r i m a k a s i h s e m a n g a t d a n s a r a n n y a
m e n u n t u t i l m u d i U n i v e r s i t a s I s l a m N e g e r i S y a r i f H i d a y a t u l l a h J a k a r t a .
1 1 . S e m u a p i h a k y a n g s u d a h m e m b a n t u d a n t i d a k d a p a t d i s e b u t k a n s a t u - p e r s a t u .
P e n u l i s m e n g h a r a p k a n k r i t i k s e r t a s a r a n y a n g m e m b a n g u n d a r i p e m b a c a
u n t u k p c n u l i s a n l a p o r a n y a n g l e b i h b a i k l a g i . K r i t i k d a n s a r a n s e r t a p c r t a n y a a n
d a p a t
d i s a m p a i k a n k e p e n u l i s m e l a l u i
e m a i l
A u d y . R a m a n d h a @ g m a i l . c o m .
S e m o g a s k r i p s i in i d e n g a n i z i n A l l a h S W T d a p a t b e r m a n f a a t b a g i s e m u a
p e m b a c a . A m i n .
J a k a r t a , 1 0 F e b r u a r i 2 0 1 5
A u d y R a m a n d h a
L E M B A R S A M P U L ...i
L E M B A R P E R N Y A T A A N ... iv
A B S T R A K ...v
K A T A P E N G A N T A R ... v i
D A F T A R I S I ... ix
D A F T A R G A M B A R ... x iii
D A F T A R T A B E L ... x v
B A B I P E N D A H U L U A N ... 1
1.1. L a ta r B e l a k a n g ... 1
1.2. R u m u s a n M a s a l a h ... 4
1.3. B a ta s a n M a s a l a h ... 5
1.4. T u ju a n P e n e l i t i a n ...6
1.5. M a n f a a t P e n e l i t i a n ... 6
1.6. M e to d o lo g i P e n e l i t i a n ... 7
1 .6.1. M e to te P e n g u m p u la n D a t a ...7
1 .6.2. M e to d e P e n g e m b a n g a n S i s t e m ... 8
1.7. S is te m a tik a P e n u li s a n ...9
B A B I I T I N J A U A N P U S T A K A ... 10
2 .1 . K o n s e p I m p l e m e n t a s i... 11
2 .2 . K o n s e p S C A D A ... 11
2 .2 .1 K o n s e p A k u is is i D a ta ... 11
2 .3 . K o n s e p M o d b u s ... 12
2 .3 .1 .
P o r t
S e r ia l A T 8 9 S 5 1
... 19
2 .4 . K o n s e p A p lik a s i M o b i l e ... 2 2
2 .4 .1 . P e n g e rtia n A p l i k a s i ... 2 2
2 .4 .2 . A p lik a s i
M o b i l e
...2 4
2 .5 . S i m u l a t o r ... 25
2 .6 .3 . V e rs i S is te m O p e ra s i A n d r o i d ... 3 0
2 .6 .4 . K e le b ih a n d a n K e k u r a n g a n A n d r o i d ... 3 6
2 .7 . B a s is D a t a ...38
2 .8 .
S o ftw a r e
/ P e r a n g k a t L u n a k ... 38
2 .8 .1 . E c lip s e ... 38
2 .8 .2 . A n d r o id
S D K ( S o ftw a r e D e v e lo p m e n t K i t )
... 3 9
2 .8 .3 . J a v a ... 3 9
2 .8 .4 .
S Q L ite ... 41
2 .9 .
L ib r a r y / C la s s p a th
... 4 2
2 .1 0 .
J a v a
M o d b u s L ib r a r y ( J a m o d )
... 43
2 .1 1 .
O p e n C S V
L i b r a r y
... 4 4
2 .1 2 . M o d b u s p a l ... 4 4
2 .1 3 .
A g i le S o ftw a r e D e v e lo p m e n t
... 4 9
2 .1 4 .
E x tr e m e P r o g r a m m in g (X P ) M o d e l
... 51
B A B I I I M E T O D O L O G I P E N E L I T I A N ... 5 4
3.1. T e m p a t d a n w a k tu p e n e litia n ... 5 4
3.2. M e to d e P e n g u m p u la n D a t a ...5 4
3 .2 .1 . S tu d i P u s ta k a ... 5 4
3 .2 .2 . W a w a n c a r a ...58
3.3. M e to d e P e n g e m b a n g a n S is te m ... 58
3.4. K e r a n g k a B e r f i k i r ... 5 9
B A B I V A N A L I S A D A N P E M B A H A S A N ... 6 1
4 .1 .
P l a n n i n g
... 61
4 .1 .1 . V is i A p l i k a s i ... 6 2
4 .1 .2 . F itu r K u n c i ... 63
4 .1 .3 . T u ju a n A p l i k a s i... 63
4 .1 .7 . K e b u tu h a n atas S im u la to r P e n d u k u n g ... 65
4 .2 .
D e s ig n
... 65
4 .2 .1 .
U se C a s e
...65
4 .2 .2 .
U ser S to r ie s
... 6 6
4 .2 .3 . D e s ig n
C R C C a r d
... 67
4 .2 .4 . D e s ig n G U I ... 7 2
4 .2 .5 . D e s ig n D a t a b a s e ... 75
4 .3 .
C o d i n g
... 78
4 .3 .1 . P e m b a h a s a n F u n g s i ... 78
4 .4 .
T e s t i n g
... 84
4 .4 .1 . P e n g u jia n d e n g a n
U n it T e s t i n g
... 84
4 .4 .2 . P e n g u jia n d e n g a n
I m p le m e n ta tio n T e s tin g
... 85
4 .4 .2 .1 . B u k ti P e n g u jia n I m p le m e n ta s i... 87
4 .5 . E v a lu a s i S is te m ... 9 6
4 .6 C o n to h T r a in in g d a n S im u l a s i...96
4 .6 .1 C o n to h K a s u s ...9 6
4 .6 .2 P e m b a h a s a n K a s u s ... 97
B A B V P E N U T U P ... 1 04
5 .1. K e s im p u l a n ... 104
5 .2. S a r a n ... 105
D A F T A R P U S T A K A ... 1 07
L A M P I R A N ... 10 9
L a m p ir a n H a s il W a w a n c a r a ... 109
L a m p ir a n K o d i n g ...113
G a m b a r 2 .2 . S is te m P e n g ir im a n
Q u e r y R e s p o n d
...13
G a m b a r 2 .3 . I n te rv a l a n ta r 3 ,5 (a ta s ) d a n 1,5 (b a w a h ) d i d a la m
f r a m e
...15
G a m b a r 2 .4 .
D r iv e r
d a n
r e c e iv e r
p a d a S N 7 5 1 7 6 ... 21
G a m b a r 2 .5 . L o g o A n d r o i d ... 2 7
G a m b a r 2 .6 . S tru k tu r A n d r o id ...2 8
G a m b a r 2 .7 . L o g o A n d ro id v e rs i 1.5
( C u p c a k e )
...31
G a m b a r 2 .8 . L o g o A n d ro id v e rs i 1 .6
( D o n u t)
... 3 2
G a m b a r 2 .9 . L o g o A n d ro id v e rs i 2 .0 /2 .1
( E c l a i r )
... 3 2
G a m b a r 2 .1 0 . L o g o A n d r o id v e rs i 2 .2
( F r o y o )
... 33
G a m b a r 2 .1 1 . L o g o A n d r o id v e rs i 2 .3
(G in g e r b r e a d )
... 3 4
G a m b a r 2 .1 2 . L o g o A n d r o id v e rs i 3 .0 /3 .1
( H o n e y c o m b )
... 3 4
G a m b a r 2 .1 3 . L o g o A n d r o id v e rs i 4 .0
(Ic e C r e a m S a n d w ic h )
... 35
G a m b a r 2 .1 4 . L o g o A n d r o id v ers i 4.1
(J e lly B e a n )
... 35
G a m b a r 2 .1 5 . L o g o J a v a ... 4 0
G a m b a r 2 .1 6 . S k e m a M o d e l X P ... 51
G a m b a r 3.1. Im plem entasi Scada pada A ndroid dengan Sim ulator M odbuspal Studi
K asus Perusahaan X ... 6 0
G a m b a r 4 .1 .
Use C ase
u ntuk A plikasi
D ro id S C A D A
... 6 6
G a m b a r 4 .2 . D esain
D a sh b o a r d
... 73
G a m b a r 4 .3 . D esain
D evice
L i s t ...7 4
G a m b a r 4 .4 . D esain
Tag F o r m
... 7 4
G a m b a r 4 .5 . D esain
D evice F o r m
...75
G a m b a r 4 .6 . R ancangan D atab ase... 7 6
G a m b a r 4 .7 . F ile Instalasi D ro id S C A D A .ap k ...88
G a m b a r 4 .8 . M enu instalasi D ro id S C A D A .ap k ... 88
G a m b a r 4 .9 . Proses instalasi D ro id S C A D A .ap k ... 89
G a m b a r 4 .1 0 .
Ico n
D roidSC A D A terpasang di p eran g k a tA n d ro id ... 89
G a m b a r 4 .1 1 .
F ile
Instalasi D ro id S C A D A .ap k... 9 0
G a m b a r 4 .1 2 . G am bar N o tifikasi atas belum adanya
D evice
yan g sudah dim asukkan.. 9 0
G a m b a r 4 .1 6 . T am pilan
in p u t
Sync P erio d p ada
D evice E d i to r
... 9 2
G a m b a r 4 .1 7 . D etail
D evice E d ito r
... 93
G a m b a r 4 .1 8 . G am bar D etail u ntuk
S ettin g
untuk
S u sp e n d
terhadap
D e v ic e
... 9 4
G a m b a r 4 .1 9 . T am pilan p ada
device list
di yang sud ah te rs im p an ... 9 4
G a m b a r 4 .2 0 . G am bar
T ag E d ito r
...95
G a m b a r 4 .2 1 . G am bar tam p ilan u ntuk m engatur
R eg ister F o r m a t
... 95
G a m b a r 4 .2 2 . G am bar Ten tan g P eng aturan tipe
R e g is te r
... 9 6
G a m b a r 4 .2 3 . G am bar
T ag
yang sudah atur dan te rsim p an ... 9 6
G a m b a r 4 .2 4 . K onfigurasi m o d b u sp al...9 9
G a m b a r 4 .2 5 . K onfigurasi
d evice
... 101
G a m b a r 4 .2 6 .
D evice L i s t
... 101
G a m b a r 4 .2 7 . K onfigurasi
T a g
... 101
G a m b a r 4 .2 8 .
D ash b o a rd
setelah m enam bah 4 se n so r... 102
G a m b a r 4 .2 9 .
D ash b o a rd
setelah
service
d ija la n k a n ... 102
G a m b a r 4 .3 0 . N otifikasi Ekspor D a ta ... 103
G a m b a r 4 .3 1 . File hasil ekspor dibuka pada aplikasi M S
E x c e l
... 103
G a m b a r 4 .3 2 . H asil rata - rata dari prog ram M S
E x c e l
... 104
T a b e l 2 .2 .
R T U
F r a m in g F r a m e
p e s a n p a d a m o d e tr a n s m is i R T U ... 14
T a b e l 2 .3 .
T a b e l f u n g s i
M o d b u s
... 16
T a b e l 2 .4 .
E x c e p tio n
C o d e
... 19
T a b e l 2 .5 .
M o d e p a d a
p o r t s e r ia l
A T 8 9 S 5 1 ... 2 0
T a b e l 2 .6 . M ode P engirim an d an penerim aan data S N 7 5 1 7 6 ... 2 2
T a b e l 3 .1. P erbandingan L iteratur S eje n is ...6 0
T a b e l 4 .1 .
C R C C ard D a sh b o a r d
... 68
T a b e l 4 .2 .
C R C C ard D evice L is t
... 68
T a b e l 4 .3 .
C R C C ard D evice F o r m
... 6 9
T a b e l 4 .4 .
C R C C ard T ag F o r m
... 6 9
T a b e l 4 .5 .
C R C D evice L is t A d a p te r
... 6 9
T a b e l 4 .6 .
C R C C ard T ag L is t A d a p te r
...6 9
T a b e l 4 .7 .
C R C C ard C o r e
... 7 0
T a b e l 4 .8 .
C R C C ard W o r k e r
... 7 0
T a b e l 4 .9 .
C R C C ard C on verter
... 7 0
T a b e l 4 .1 0 .
C R C C a rd C S V .
... 7 0
T a b e l 4 .1 1 .
C R C C a r d L o c a lD B
... 71
T a b e l 4 .1 2 .
C R C C a rd D e v ic e
... 71
T a b e l 4 .1 3 .
C R C C a rd T ag
... 71
T a b e l 4 .1 4 .
C R C C a rd T a g V a lu e
... 71
T a b e l 4 .1 5 .
C R C C a rd S c a le
... 7 2
T a b e l 4 .1 6 .
C R C C a rd D e viceL istO b ject
... 7 2
T a b e l 4 .1 7 .
C R C C a rd T ag L istO b ject
... 7 2
T a b e l 4 .1 8 .
C R C C a rd M o d b u s
... 7 2
T a b e l 4 .1 9 . Struktur
D atabase D e v ic e
... 77
T a b e l 4 .2 0 . Struktur
D atabase T ag
... 78
T a b e l 4 .2 1 . Struktur
D atabase T a g V a lu e
... 78
T a b e l 4 .2 2 . H asil Pengujian D engan U n it T e s tin g ... 86
T a b e l 4 .2 3 . H asil Pengujian Im p le m e n ta s i... 87
P a d a s a a t ini, k e m a ju a n te k n o lo g i s a n g a t b e r p e n g a ru h te r u t a m a s e b a g a i
s is te m p e n g a w a s a n d a n p e n g e n d a lia n , te r u ta m a d a la m b e n tu k p ro s e s y a n g
m e n e r a p k a n s u a tu s is te m y a n g m e n g a w a s i s e tia p p ro s e s p a d a s is te m d u k u n g a n
d a la m b e n tu k p e n y im p a n a n a k u s is i d ata.
D a la m m e n d u k u n g e fis ie n s i d a n e fe k tifita s k e g ia ta n in d u s tr i d ib u tu h k a n
m e to d e p e n g a w a s a n y a n g m e m ilik i b ia y a le b ih m u r a h d ib a n d in g h a ru s m e m b e li
p e r a n g k a t
m o n ito r in g
s is te m y a n g te rk o n tr o l d a n te ra k u is is i d e n g a n im p le m e n ta s i
y a n g b e r b ia y a tin g g i y a n g d is a m p in g itu j u g a u n tu k m e m e n u h i k e b u tu h a n
tr a in in g
d a n
te stin g .
P a d a s u a tu in d u s tri y a n g m e m ilik i b a n y a k p e r a la ta n
(p la n t)
d e n g a n
le ta k g e o g ra fis y a n g te r s e b a r p a d a j a r a k y a n g c u k u p ja u h , d ip e rlu k a n s e b u a h s is te m
y a n g d a p a t m e la k u k a n p e n g a w a s a n d a n p e n g e n d a lia n j a r a k ja u h . S is te m te r s e b u t
h a ru s m a m p u m e la k u k a n p e n g a w a s a n
(s u p e r v is o r y )
d a n p e n g e n d a lia n
( c o n tr o llin g )
te rh a d a p s e m u a p ro s e s y a n g s e d a n g b erja la n .
U n tu k m e n g a ta s i p e r m a s a la h a n te rs e b u t, b a n y a k in d u s tri y a n g m e n e r a p k a n
S C A D A
(S u p e r v is o r y C o n tr o l a n d D a ta A c q u is itio n )
a ta u d a p a t j u g a d ia rtik a n
d a la m B a h a s a I n d o n e s ia s e b a g a i p e n g a w a s a n k o n tro l d a n a k u s is i D a ta s e b a g a i
s is te m p e n g a w a s a n d a n p e n g e n d a lia n . S a la h s a tu p e ru s a h a a n y a n g b e r g e lu t di
b id a n g p e n g a w a s a n s e p e rti in i a d a la h p e r u s a h a a n X , d im a n a p e r u s a h a a n in i
m e m f o k u s k a n d ir i s e b a g a i p e n y e d ia p e r a n g k a t P L C d e n g a n k o n e k s i M o d b u s T C P .
1 .1 .
L a t a r B e l a k a n g
S e b a g a i p e r u s a h a a n b a ru , p e ru s a h a a n X in i b e lu m m e m p u n y a i s a r a n a u n tu k
k e b u tu h a n p e la tih a n d a n
te s tin g
k o n fig u ra s i
P L C m e re k a . H a s il w a w a n c a r a d e n g a n
b e b e r a p a o ra n g y a n g te r lib a t (k a ry a w a n ) d i p e r u s a h a a n X m e m a n g m e n u n ju k k a n
b e lu m a d a s o lu s i u n tu k p e la tih a n d a n p e n g e te s a n p e r a n g k a t m e re k a , s e d a n g k a n
s o lu s i s e m e n ta r a m e m b u tu h k a n p e m a h a m a n u n tu k b is a m e m b a c a d a ta d a ri
p e r a n g k a t s e p e rti p e r a n g k a t M o d b u s T C P . H a l in i m e n g in d ik a s ik a n k e b u tu h a n
a p lik a s i r in g a n b e rb a s is
M o b i l e
u n tu k m e lih a t h a s il k o n fig u ra s i p e r a n g k a t
m o n ito r in g
m e re k a . M e r e k a j u g a m e m b u tu h k a n a p lik a s i t e r s e b u t u n tu k m e la tih
p e g a w a i m e re k a y a n g b e rtu g a s d e n g a n p e r a la ta n u n tu k m e la k u k a n k o n f ig u r a s i di
la p a n g a n , y a n g d if o k u s k a n p a d a p e n g g u n a a n a p lik a s i b e s e r ta p e n g e n a la n
fu n g s io n a lita s d i d a la m n y a .
B e r d a s a r k a n k e b u tu h a n d ia ta s , u n tu k m e n y e le s a ik a n p e r m a s a la h a n d a la m
p e r u s a h a a n X , p e n u lis te r ta r ik u n tu k m e la k u k a n im p le m e n ta s i s is te m te le k o n tr o l
S C A D A b e rb a s is A n d ro id . U n tu k m e n d a p a tk a n in f o r m a s i y a n g r e le v a n d a la m
id e n tifik a s i m a s a la h d a n p e n e n tu a n ata s f u n g s io n a lita s te rh a d a p a p p lik a s i y a n g
a k a n d ib u a t d i d a la m n y a , p e n u lis m e la k u k a n ta h a p w a w a n c a r a p a d a p a r a p e g a w a i
d i p e r u s a h a a n X d e n g a n p e n d e k a ta n
U s
er S to r ie s
y a n g m e n ja d i b a g ia n d a ri m e to d e
E x tr e m e P r o g r a m m in g .
P e m b a h a s a n te n ta n g m e to d o lo g i in i te rm a s u k p e m b a h a s a n
te n ta n g p e n e n tu a n p e r m a s a la h a n h in g g a p ro s e s
te s tin g
d e n g a n m e to d e
b la c k b o x
te s tin g
a k a n d ib a h a s d a la m b a b s e la n ju tn y a (b a b 4 ).
D a la m s is te m te le k o n tr o l
S C A D A ini, a k a n m e n g g u n a k a n M o d b u s p a l y a n g d id e d ik a s ik a n s e b a g a i s im u la to r
p e m b e n tu k k o m p o n e n
M a s te r
d a n
S la v e .
K o m u n ik a s i a n ta r a
M a s te r
d a n
S la v e
d ig u n a k a n u n tu k
in p u t
a k u is is i d a ta a d a la h a n d ro id . S is te m p e r a n g k a t m o b ile in i
m e m ilik i k e u n g g u la n d a la m m o b ilita s y a n g tin g g i d e n g a n a p lik a s i b e r b a s is
a n d r o id
y a n g d ib e n a m k a n s e b u a h
lib r a r y
y a n g b e r n a m a
J a v a M o d b u s L ib r a r y
(J a m o d )
u n tu k m e m p e r s in g k a t w a k tu p e m b u a ta n ap lik as i. D a la m
tr a n s fe r d a ta
te n tu n y a
d ip e rlu k a n s e b u a h d u k u n g a n ja r in g a n y a n g d a p a t d ia n d a lk a n d e n g a n s a m b u n g a n
s e c a ra n ir k a b e l
(W ir e le s s ),
s e b a g a i b e n tu k im p le m e n ta s i ja r i n g a n y a n g a k a n
d ip e rg u n a k a n a d a la h p e m a n c a r n irk a b e l d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n
r o u te r
y a n g s u d a h
te rs a m b u n g d e n g a n p e r a n g k a t p e m a n c a r d a ta d e n g a n d u k u n g a n p r o to k o l
M o d b u s
d a n j u g a p e r a n g k a t a n d ro id . U n tu k s e tia p d a ta y a n g d itra n s fe r te n tu n y a
m e n g g u n a k a n
p o r t
te rte n tu y a n g te rh u b u n g d a ri
I P
p a d a se tia p P C y a n g te r p a s a n g
M o d b u s p a l.
D e fa u l t
p o r t
u n tu k
M o d b u s
a d a la h
5 0 2 .
P e n u lis
a k a n
m e n g im p le m e n ta s ik a n s e b u a h a p lik a s i y a n g b e r n a m a “ D r o id S C A D A ” y a n g b e ra rti
S C A D A y a n g b e r ja la n p a d a s is te m o p e ra s i A n d ro id . D a la m a p lik a s i te r s e b u t fu n g s i
y a n g a k a n d ite r a p k a n d a p a t m e n g in d e n tif ik a s i s e tia p
D e v ic e
d a n
T a g
y a n g
te rh u b u n g d e n g a n d e n g a n a p lik a s i S C A D A , m e n a m p ilk a n d a t a y a n g y a n g
d ia k u is is i d i d a la m m e n u , p e n g a tu r a n atas d e v ic e d a n ta g s e r ta p ro s e s b a c k u p d a ta
d a n b e b e r a p a m e n u a k a n m e lip u ti
“V iew D a s h b o a r d S y s t e m ”, “V iew D e v i c e ”,
“D e v ic e M e n u ”, “T a g m e n u ”, “E x p o r t D a ta to C S V
” , d a n f u n g s i y a n g p a d a se tia p
p e n je la s a n n y a a k a n d ib a h a s p a d a b a b 2 d a n j u g a b a b 4 u n tu k u la s a n m e n g e n a i s e tia p
fu n g s i d a ri m e k a n is m e ata s a p lik a s i y a n g b e rja la n . D a n s e b a g a i b e n tu k p e r s ia p a n
a p lik a s i in i te rh a d a p tr a in in g , p e n u lis a k a n m e n s is ip k a n c o n to h
tr a in in g
y a n g a k a n
B e r d a s a r k a n id e n tifik a s i m a s a la h y a n g p e n u lis d a p a tk a n d a ri p ro s e s
w a w a c a n c a ra d e n g a n in te rn a l p e r u s a h a a n X
(U s e r S to r ie s )
m a k a p e ru m u s a n
m a s a la h y a n g te la h d id a p a tk a n a d a la h s e b a g a i b e r ik u t :
1. M e to d e a p a y a n g a k a n d ig u n a k a n u n tu k m e n e n tu k a n k e b u tu h a n s e h in g g a d a p a t
m e n ja w a b p e r ta n y a a n u ta m a te n ta n g A p lik a s i a p a y a n g a k a n d ib u a t d e n g a n
d a s a r d a ri a k u is is i d a ta y a n g d a p a t d ip a n ta u d a la m k u r u n ja n g k a w a k tu te rte n tu
d a la m p ro s e s p e la tih a n .
2. A p a y a n g d a p a t d ip a k a i s e b a g a i s o lu s i d a ri p e r a n g k a t m o d u l y a n g d in ila i m a h a l
u n tu k k e b u tu h a n te s tin g d a n m e m ilik i n ila i k e p r a k tis a n d a ri sis i
h a r d w a r e
d a n
s o ftw a r e
3. A p a y a n g d a p a t d ila k u k a n m e n y im p a n d a ta y a n g d id a p a t s e h in g g a d a p a t
d ite n tu k a n
tr a c k r e c o r d
d a ri h a s il p e n g a r s ip a n atas a k u is is i d a ta
4. B a g a im a n a m e n e n tu k a n
lib r a r y
k h u s u s y a n g te p a t te r u ta m a u n tu k p ro s e s
p e n d u k u n g S C A D A d a n p ro s e s
B a c k U p?
5. B a g a im a n a m e m b a n g u n a p lik a s i y a n g d a p a t m e n y e s u a ia n te rh a d a p k e b u tu h a n
(U se r R e q u ir e m e n t)
y a n g b e r u b a h s e p e rti p e r u b a h a n k o n fig u ra s i, d a n b a c k u p
d a la m a p lik a s i m o n ito r in g S C A D A d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n
s m a r tp h o n e
b e rb a s is
a n d ro id 4 .1 .1
(J e lly B e a n ) ”.
B e r d a s a r k a n m a s a la h d i ata s m a k a ru a n g lin g k u p p e n e litia n d ib a ta s i p a d a :
1. D a la m I m p le m e n ta s in y a a p lik a s i in i m e n g g u n a k a n
u s e r s to r y
s e b a g a i a c u a n
y a n g d id a p a t d a r ip a d a p a r a
e n g in e e r
d i la p a n g a n d a n b e b e r a p a o r a n g d a ri
in te rn a l p e ru s a h a a n .
2. P e n u lis h a n y a m e m f o k u s k a n p a d a b a g a im a n a im p le m e n ta s i a p lik a s i
s e h in g g a b is a b e rja la n , tid a k p a d a sisi k e a m a n a n m a u p u n in f r a s tr u k tu r
p e n d u k u n g te rh a d a p p e r f o r m a m e la in k a n p a d a k e c e p a ta n p e m b u a ta n
a p lik a s i y a n g s e d e r h a n a d a n m e n d u k u n g a s p e k p e la tih a n b a g i tia p in d iv id u
y a n g b e r k e c im p u n g d i b id a n g o to m as i,
c o n tr o l d a n m o n ito r in g .
A p a b ila a d a
h a l y a n g d ir a s a a k a n b e r d a m p a k p a d a h a l-h a l te rs e b u t, a k a n d im a s u k k a n k e
d a la m b a b s a ra n y a n g a k a n d ig u n a k a n u n tu k p e n g e m b a n g a n s e la n ju tn y a .
3. A p lik a s i in i m e n d u k u n g p e n g a tu r a n te rh a d a p p e n e n tu a n
P o r t,
d e n g a n
k o n e k s i n ir k a b e l te rh a d a p s im u la to r M o d b u s p a l d e n g a n k o n e k s i T C P /IP d a n
b a ta s
r e g is te r a d d r e s s
0 -6 5 5 3 5 y a n g d a p a t d i s im p a n d e n g a n
S a m p lin g
P e r i o d
k e d a la m f o r m a t C S V .
4. A p lik a s i d ib u a t d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n
m o b ile d e v e lo p m e n t s y s te m a n d r o id .
5. P e n u lis h a n y a a k a n m e n g g u n a k a n M o d b u s p a l s e b a g a i s im u la to r p e n d u k u n g
d a la m a k u is is i d a ta te r u ta m a d a la m tr a n s f e r d ata.
6. A p lik a s i h a n y a m e n d u k u n g k o n e k s i M o d b u s T C P /IP d a n d ija la n k a n
m e n g g u n a k a n k o n e k s i
w ir e le s s
.
7. P e n g g u n a a n
lib r a r y j a m o d (ja v a M o d b u s )
u n tu k a k u is is i d a ta m e n g g u n a k a n
p r o to k o l
m o d b u s
d a n
l ib r a r y o p e n c s v
u n tu k e k s p o r d a t a y a n g te rs im p a n
k e d a la m f o r m a t csv. C o n to h s im u la s i
tr a in in g
a k a n d is is ip k a n d i a k h ir b a b
4, tid a k d is e rta i h a s il p e n g e r ja a n d a n h a s il ata s c o n to h
tra in in g .
1 .4 .
T u j u a n P e n e l i t i a n
T u ju a n d a ri p e m b u a ta n tu g a s a k h ir in i a d a la h a g a r p e r u s a h a a n X d a p a t
m e n y e d ia k a n s a r a n a y a n g m u d a h d a n m u r a h b a g i p a r a
e n g in e e r
d i p e ru s a h a a n x
u n tu k d a p a t m e la k u k a n k o n f ig u r a s i p e r a n g k a t a ta u p u n tr a in in g u n tu k k o n fig u ra s i
P L C M o d b u s m e re k a s e b e lu m te rju n k e la p a n g a n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n p e r a n g k a t
a n d ro id .
1 .5 .
M a n f a a t P e n e l i t i a n
1. B a g i P e n u l i s
S e b a g a i
m a s u k a n
d a n
m e m p e r lu a s
c a k ra w a la
p e n u lis
d a la m
m e n g im p le m e n ta s ik a n s u a tu s is te m u n tu k m e m e c a h k a n m a s a la h - m a s a la h y a n g
d ih a d a p i d e n g a n h a l y a n g s e d e r h a n a d a n m e n d a s a r, s e r ta b e r tu ju a n u n tu k
m e le n g k a p i tu g a s -tu g a s d a n m e m e n u h i s y a ra t g u n a m e ra ih g e la r s tr a ta s a tu (S 1 )
p r o g r a m s tu d i T e k n ik I n fo rm a tik a , F a k u lta s S ain s d a n T e k n o lo g i U IN S y a r if
H id a y a tu lla h J a k a rta . P e n u lis j u g a m e n d a p a tk a n m a n fa a t te k n is s e p e rti
r e u s a b le
c o d e s
y a n g d a p a t d ig u n a k a n p a d a s is te m s e r u p a n a m u n b e r b e d a k a s u s
d ik e m u d ia n h ari. D ita m b a h p e n u lis m e n d a p a tk a n s e b u a h b a s is a p lik a s i y a n g
b is a le b ih m u d a h u n tu k d ik e m b a n g k a n m e n ja d i a p lik a s i S C A D A d e n g a n fitu r
2 . B a g i U m u m
M e m b a n tu d a la m p e m a h a m a n te rh a d a p s u a tu s is te m y a n g m e n d u k u n g
a p p lik a s i b e rb a s is
m o b ile
S C A D A u n tu k tu ju a n k h u s u s s e p e rti e d u k a s i d a n
k e te ra m p ila n .
3 . B a g i P e r u s a h a a n
M e m p e r m u d a h d a n m e n e k a n b ia y a p e n g a d a a n p e ra n g k a t S C A D A y a n g
le b ih b e s a r y a n g d ig u n a k a n h a n y a u n tu k te s tin g k o n fig u ra s i p e ra n g k a t m e re k a.
4 . B a g i U n i v e r s i t a s
M e m p e r k a y a lite r a tu r te n ta n g a p lik a s i m o b ile
a n d r o id
k h u s u s n y a p a d a
m o n ito r in g
d a n o to m a s i y a n g d ia p lik a s ik a n k e b e rb a g a i b id a n g te ru ta m a
r e k a y a s a te k n o lo g i
( e n g in e e r in g ) .
1 .6 .
M e t o d o l o g i P e n e l i t i a n
M e to d o lo g i p e n e litia n y a n g d ig u n a k a n d a la m p e n u lis a n s k rip s i in i m e lip u ti:
1 .6 .1 . M e t o d e P e n g u m p u l a n D a t a
D i d a la m m e n y u s u n s k rip s i in i, p e n u lis b e r u s a h a m e n d a p a tk a n s e r ta
m e n g u m p u lk a n d a ta y a n g le n g k a p g u n a m e n y u s u n k a ry a ilm ia h ini. A d a p u n
m e to d e y a n g p e n u lis g u n a k a n d a la m m e n d a p a tk a n d a ta - d a ta s e b a g a i b e r ik u t :
a.
P e n e litia n K e p u s ta k a a n
(L ib r a r y R e s e a r c h )
P e n g u m p u la n d a ta d a n in fo rm a s i d e n g a n c a ra m e m b a c a b u k u - b u k u d a n
re fe re n s i d a ri
in te r n e t
y a n g d a p a t d ija d ik a n a c u a n p e m b a h a s a n d a la m m a s a la h .
J u g a d ig u n a k a n p e n e litia n atas k a r y a S tu d i lite r a tu r s e b a g a i p e m b a n d in g y a n g
b.
P e n e litia n L a p a n g a n
( F ie ld R e s e a r c h )
D a la m h a l in i p e n e litia n d ila k u k a n d e n g a n w a w a n c a r a b e b a s d id a la m
m e e tin g y a n g d ira n g k u m s e c a r a te rtu lis d i p e r u s a h a a n X .
1 .6 .2 . M e t o d e P e n g e m b a n g a n S is te m
M e to d e p e n g e m b a n g a n s is te m y a n g a k a n d ig u n a k a n y a itu m e to d e y a n g
m e n g ik u ti k a id a h b e r b a s is o b je k
( o b je c t o r ie n te d ).
P a d a k a s u s in i m e n g g u n a k a n
A g ile
S o ftw a r e
D e v e lo p m e n t
d a n
p ro s e s
m o d e l
m e n g g u n a k a n
E x tr e m e
P r o g r a m m in g (X P ).
P e m ilih a n m e to d e in i d ik a re n a k a n a p lik a s i y a n g a k a n d ib u a t
tid a k te r la lu k o m p le k s d a n te rg o lo n g p e r a n g k a t lu n a k k e c il d a n j u g a h a n y a
m e m b u tu h k a n w a k tu p e n g e r ja a n y a n g s in g k at.
X P m e n c a k u p b e b e r a p a a tu ra n d a n p r a k te k y a n g te rd ir i atas
p la n n in g ,
d e s ig n , c o d in g
d a n
test.
B e r ik u t p e n je la s a n d a ri m a s in g - m a s in g ta h a p a n y a n g a k a n
d ila k u k a n p a d a p e m b u a ta n a p lik a s i ini.
1. P la n n in g
: P e r e n c a n a a n te rh a d a p
s o ftw a r e
y a n g d iin g in k a n m e n g a c u p a d a
u s e r
s to r ie s . U ser s to r ie s
m e n g g a m b a r k a n f itu r d a n f u n g s i y a n g d ib u tu h k a n te rh a d a p
s o ftw a r e
te rs e b u t.
2.
D e s ig n
: P ro s e s d e s a in p a d a
X P
m e n g ik u ti p rin s ip
K I S (K e e p I t S im p le )
d a n
m e n g g u n a k a n C R C c a rd s u n tu k d e s ig n ap lik a s i.
3.
C o d in g
: A p lik a s i a k a n d ib u a t m e n g g u n a k a n A D T ( A n d ro id D e v e lo p m e n t
T o o ls ), j u g a a k a n m e m b a h a s te n ta n g im p le m e n ta s i
c o d in g
b e r u p a f u n g s i y a n g
b erja la n .
4.
T e s tin g
:
te s tin g
te rh a d a p a p lik a s i m e n g g u n a k a n
B l a c k b o x T e s tin g
d e n g a n
S k rip s i in i te rd ir i d a ri lim a b a b y a n g d is u s u n s e d e m ik ia n r u p a d e n g a n m a te ri
p e m b a h a s a n y a n g s a lin g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n s is te m a tik a s e b a g a i b e r ik u t :
B A B I
P E N D A H U L U A N
B a b in i a k a n d iu r a ik a n la ta r b e la k a n g , p e r u m u s a n m a s a la h , b a ta s a n
m a s a la h , tu ju a n d a n m a n fa a t p e n e litia n , m e to d o lo g i p e n e litia n , d a n
s is te m a tik a p e n u lis a n .
B A B I I
L A N D A S A N T E O R I
D a la m b a b in i a k a n d ije la s k a n m e n g e n a i la n d a s a n te o ri y a n g r e le v a n
d e n g a n p e r m a s a la h a n y a n g ada.
B A B I I I
M E T O D O L O G I P E N E L I T I A N
B a b in i a k a n d iu r a ik a n m e to d o lo g i p e n e litia n y a n g d ig u n a k a n
d ia n ta r a n y a
m e to d o lo g i
p e n g u m p u la n
d a ta
d a n
m e to d o lo g i
p e n g e m b a n g a n siste m .
B A B I V
A N A L I S A D A N P E M B A H A S A N
B a b in i a k a n d iu r a ik a n d a n m e m b a h a s h a s il p e n e litia n p e n g e m b a n g a n
s is te m
S C A D A
m e lip u ti
h a s il
w a w a n c a ra ,
an a lis is ,
d es ain ,
im p le m e n ta s i, o p e ra s i d a n s is te m p e n d u k u n g .
B A B V
P E N U T U P
B a b in i a k a n d is a jik a n k e s im p u la n d a n s a r a n - s a r a n y a n g p e n u lis a n g k a t
b e r d a s a r k a n p e m b a h a s a n p a d a b a b - b a b s e b e lu m n y a .
2 .1 . K o n s e p I m p l e m e n t a s i
Im p le m e n ta s i a d a la h p ro s e s u n tu k m e m a s tik a n te rla k s a n a n y a s u a tu
k e b ija k a n d a n te rc a p a in y a k e b ija k a n te rs e b u t. I m p le m e n ta s i j u g a d im a k s u d k a n
m e n y e d ia k a n s a r a n a u n tu k m e m b u a t s e s u a tu d a n m e m b e r ik a n h a s il y a n g b e r s if a t
p ra k tis te rh a d a p se s am a. V a n H o r n D a n V a n M e te r m e n g a r tik a n im p le m e n ta s i
k e b ija k a n s e b a g a i ti n d a k a n - tin d a k a n o le h in d iv id u p u b lik d a n s w a s ta (a ta u
k e lo m p o k ) y a n g d ia ra h k a n p a d a p re s ta s i tu ju a n y a n g d ite ta p k a n d a la m k e p u tu s a n
k e b ija k a n s e b e lu m n y a ( S u b a r s o n o (2 0 0 6 : 1 0 0)).
J a d i im p le m e n ta s i d im a k s u d k a n s e b a g a i tin d a k a n in d iv id u p u b lik y a n g
d ia ra h k a n p a d a tu ju a n s e r ta d ite ta p k a n d a la m k e p u tu s a n d a n m e m a s tik a n
te rla k s a n a n y a d a n te r c a p a in y a s u a tu k e b ija k a n s e r ta m e m b e r ik a n h a s il y a n g
b e r s if a t p ra k tis te rh a d a p s e s a m a . S e h in g g a d a p a t te rc a p a in y a s e b u a h k e b ija k a n
y a n g m e m b e r ik a n h a s il te rh a d a p tin d a k a n - tin d a k a n in d iv id u p u b lik d a n sw a sta .
B e r d a s a r k a n p e n g e r tia n im p le m e n ta s i y a n g d ik e m u k a k a n d i atas, d a p a t
d ik a ta k a n b a h w a im p le m e n ta s i a d a la h ti n d a k a n - tin d a k a n y a n g d ila k u k a n p ih a k -
p ih a k y a n g b e r w e n a n g a ta u k e p e n tin g a n b a ik p e m e r in ta h m a u p u n s w a s ta y a n g
b e r tu ju a n u n tu k m e w u ju d k a n c ita - c ita a ta u tu ju a n y a n g te la h d ite ta p k a n ,
im p le m e n ta s i d e n g a n b e r b a g a i tin d a k a n y a n g d ila k u k a n u n tu k m e la k s a n a k a n a ta u
m e re a lis a s ik a n p r o g r a m y a n g t e la h d is u s u n d e m i te r c a p a in y a tu ju a n d a ri p r o g r a m
y a n g te la h d ire n c a n a k a n .
2 . 2 .
K o n s e p S C A D A
S is te m S C A D A
( S u p e r v is o r y C o n tr o l A n d D a ta A c q u is iti o n )
y a n g d a la m
te rje m a h a n B a h a s a I n d o n e s ia K o n tr o l P e n g a w a s d a n A k u is is i D a ta a d a la h s e b u a h
s is te m p e n g a w a s a n d a n p e n g e n d a lia n , d e n g a n c a r a m e la k u k a n p e n g u m p u la n d a n
a n a lis a d a t a s e c a r a re a l tim e. S is te m S C A D A te rd ir i d a ri 3 b a g ia n u ta m a y a itu
M a s te r , s la v e ,
d a n m e d ia k o m u n ik a s i. A r s ite k tu r S C A D A d ip e rlih a tk a n p a d a
G a m b a r 2 .1.
S is te m S C A D A m e m ilik i f u n g s i y a itu u n tu k p e n g u k u r a n j a r a k j a u h
( te le m e te rin g ) d a n p e n g e n d a lia n j a r a k j a u h (
te le c o n tr o llin g
). D e n g a n f u n g s i
te rs e b u t, s is te m S C A D A m a m p u m e la k u k a n p e n g a w a s a n d a n p e n g e n d a lia n p la n t
j a r a k ja u h .
2 .2 .1 K o n s e p A k u is is i D a t a
A k u is is i d a ta a d a la h s u a tu p ro s e s p e n g a m b ila n d a ta s a m p e l d a ri fe n o m e n a
f is ik (s u h u , te k a n a n d a n la in -la in ) d a n m e n g k o n v e r s ik a n d a ta s a m p e l y a n g d id a p a t
m e n ja d i n ila i n u m e rik y a n g d a p a t d im a n ip u la s i o le h s e b u a h k o m p u te r. S is te m
a k u is is i d a ta a d a la h k u m p u la n d a ri b e r b a g a i e le m e n - e le m e n e le k tr o n ik y a n g
p e n g o la h a n d a ta , d a n p e n y a lu r a n d a ta u n tu k d ija d ik a n s e b a g a i s u a tu b e n tu k
in fo rm a s i y a n g b e ra rti. E le m e n - e le m e n d a s a r d a ri s is te m a k u is is i d a ta b e rb a s is
k o m p u te r (P C ), s e b a g a im a n a d itu n ju k k a n p a d a G a m b a r 2 .1 , a n ta r a la in :
•
T r a n sd u s e r ;
• P e n g k o n d is i s in y a l
( s ig n a l c o n d itio n in g );
• P e ra n g k a t k e ra s
( h a r d w a r e )
a k u is is i d ata;
• S e b u a h k o m p u te r P C ; d a n
• P e ra n g k a t lu n a k
( s o ftw a r e )
y a n g te rk a it.
( s u m b e r : h ttp ://e lib .u n ik o m .a c .id /f ile s /d is k 1 /4 5 9 /jb p tu n ik o m p p - g d l- a h m a d z a e n a -
2 2 9 2 4 - 2 - u n ik o m _ a - i.p d f)
2 . 3 .
K o n s e p M o d b u s
P ro to k o l M o d b u s m e ru p a k a n a tu ra n - a tu r a n k o m u n ik a s i d a t a d e n g a n te k n ik
M a s te r - S la v e .
D a la m k o n u n ik a s i te r s e b u t h a n y a te r d a p a t s a tu
M a s te r
d a n s a tu
a ta u b e b e r a p a
s la v e
y a n g m e m b e n tu k s e b u a h ja rin g a n .
K o m u n ik a s i M o d b u s
s e la lu d ia w a li d e n g a n
q u e r y
d a ri
M a s te r
d a n
s la v e
m e m b e r ik a n r e s p o n d e n g a n
m e n g ir im k a n d a ta a ta u m e la k u k a n a k s i s e s u a i p e r in ta h d a ri
M a s t e r
.
M a s te r
h a n y a
m e la k u k a n s a tu k o m u n ik a s i d a la m s a tu w ak tu .
S la v e
h a n y a a k a n m e la k u k a n
k o m u n ik a s i j i k a a d a p e r in ta h
(q u e r y )
d a ri
M a s te r
d a n tid a k b is a m e la k u k a n
k o m u n ik a s i d e n g a n
s la v e
y a n g lain .
P a d a s a a t m e n g ir im k a n
q u e r y
k e
s la v e ,
M a s te r
m e n g g u n a k a n 2 m o d e p e n g a la m a ta n , y aitu :
•
U n ic a s t m o d e
:
M a s te r
m e n g ir im k a n
q u e r y
k e p a d a s a tu
sla v e .
S e te la h
m e n e r im a d a n m e m p r o s e s
q u e r y , s la v e
a k a n m e m b e r ik a n ja w a b a n b e r u p a re s p o n
•
B r o a d c a s t m o d e
:
M a s te r
m e n g ir im k a n p e r in ta h
(q u e r y )
k e p a d a s e m u a
s la v e .
P a d a m o d e p e n g a la m a ta n in i,
s la v e
tid a k m e n g ir im k a n r e s p o n k e p a d a
M a s te r .
P r o to k o l M o d b u s m e m b e n tu k s e b u a h f o r m a t p e s a n u n tu k
q u e r y M a s te r
d a n re s p o n
s la v e .
( J u d y A d ri) M » V r
■■- r v i i v S J r t w A il lr a -* ; h t f i t t m L t t k l i n - l n r t t «1«V
Q a a y D t i l a Rl m m h i-.i: Q i t i r r m r O i e r i i Ft t t C h S v k '
R f l J U t t M r f t i i t n StovC"
G a m b a r 2 .2 . S y s te m P e n g i r i m a n
Q u e r y R e s p o n d
M o d e T ra n s m is i S e ria l D a la m ja r i n g a n M o d b u s te r d a p a t 2 m o d e tra n s m is i
se rial, y a itu m o d e R T U d a n m o d e A S C II. S e tia p p e r a la ta n d a la m s e b u a h j a r i n g a n
M o d b u s
h a ru s m e m p u n y a i m o d e d a n p a r a m e te r s e ria l y a n g sa m a . P e n g a tu ra n
d e fa u lt
M o d b u s
a d a la h R T U , s e d a n g k a n m o d e A S C II a d a la h p ilih an .
P a d a M o d e R T U ( R e m o te T e rm in a l U n it) F o r m a t m a s in g - m a s in g b y te (1 1
b it) d a la m m o d e R T U ad alah :
C o d in g s y s te m
: 8
b i t b in e r,
h e k s a d e s im a l 0 -9 ,A -F .
B i ts p e r b y t e
: 1
s ta r t bit.
8
d a ta b its, L e a s t S ig n ific a n t B i t
(L S B ) d ik irim
p e rta m a . 1
b it
u n tu k
e v e n /o d d p a r ity , n o b i t
u n tu k
n o p a r ity .
1
s to p b it
j i k a
m e n g g u n a k a n
p a r i ty ,
2
b its
u n tu k
n o p a r ity .
E r r o r c h e c k f i e l d
:
C y c lic a l R e d u n d a n c y C h e c k
(C R C ).
P a d a M o d e A S C II
(A m e r ic a n S ta n d a r d C o d e f o r I n fo r m a tio n I n te r c h a n g e )
F o r m a t m a s in g - m a s in g
b y te
(1 0
b it)
d a la m m o d e A S C II ad a la h :
c o d in g s y s te m
L e a s t
S ig n ific a n t B i t
(L
S B ) d ik irim p e rta m a . S a tu
b i t
u n tu k
e v e n /o d d p a r ity , n o
b it
u n tu k
n o p a r ity .
S a tu
s to p b it
j i k a m e n g g u n a k a n
p a r i ty ,
2
b its
u n tu k
n o p a r ity .
K e m u d ia n p a d a
e r r o r c h e c k f i e l d
a d a la h p e n e n tu a n je n is tip e p a d a
L o n g itu d in a l
R e d u n d a n c y C h e c k
(L
R C ).
K e m u d ia n h a l y a n g p e r lu d ik e ta h u i
d a ri je n is
M o d b u s M e s s a g e F r a m in g
y a itu A S C II
F r a m in g F r a m e
d e n g a n k o n s e p
p e n g irim a n p e s a n p a d a m o d e tra n s m is i A S C II d itu n ju k k a n p a d a T a b e l
2 .1 .
T a b e l 2
.1
A S C I I
F r a m in g F r a m e
p a d a t r a n s m i s i A S C I I
S T A R T A D D R E S S F U N C T I O N D A T A L R C C H E C K
E N D
1 C H A R
2 C H A R 2 C H A R n C H A R
2 C H A R
2
C H A R C R L F
P a d a m o d e
A S C II, p e s a n d im u la i d e n g a n s e b u a h k a r a k te r
c o lo n
(:) d a la m
A S C II 3 A h ex , d a n d ia k h iri d e n g a n s e b u a h p a s a n g a n
c a r r ia g e r e tu r n - lin e f e e d
(C R
L F ) d a la m
A S C II 0 D d a n 0 A h ex .
K e m u d ia n s e la n ju tn y a , R T U
f r a m i n g
f r a m e
p e s a n p a d a m o d e tra n s m is i R T U d itu n ju k k a n p a d a g a m b a r ta b e l 2 .2
d ib a w a h in i:
T a b l e 2 .2 R T U
F r a m in g F r a m e
p e s a n p a d a m o d e t r a n s m i s i R T U
START
A DD R
E
SS
FU
N
CTIO
N
D A TA
CRC
CH
E
CK
EN
D
> 3 ,5
C H A R
S BIT
3 B IT
nx
E
B
IT
i 6 B r r
T3,
> 3 .5
C H A R
P a d a m o d e
R T U , fra m e p e s a n d ip is a h k a n o le h
s ile n t
in te rv a l p a lin g s e d ik it
w a k tu 3 ,5 k a ra k te r. In te rv a l w a k tu in i d is e b u t T 3 ,5 . S e lu r u h k a r a k te r d a la m
f r a m e
p e s a n h a r u s d itr a n s m is ik a n s e c a r a b e rs a m b u n g . In te rv a l a n ta r k a r a k te r d a la m
a n ta r k a r a k te r le b ih b e s a r d a ri
T
1 ,5 , m a k a
f r a m e
p e s a n te r s e b u t d in y a ta k a n tid a k
le n g k a p d a n a k a n d ia b a ik a n .
G a m b a r 2 .3 i n t e r v a l a n t a r 3 ,5 ( a ta s ) d a n
1 ,5 ( b a w a h ) d i d a l a m f r a m e
A d d r e s s f i e l d
m a s in g - m a s in g
s la v e
h a r u s m e m p u n y a i a la m a t y a n g b e r b e d a
d a la m ra n g e 1 - 2 4 7 u n tu k p e n g a la m a ta n in d iv id u a l.
A la m a t 0 d ig u n a k a n u n tu k
p e n g a la m a ta n
b r o a d c a s t. F u n c tio n f i e l d f u n c tio n f i e l d
p a d a
f r a m e
p e s a n b e ris i
n o m e r k o d e f u n g s i
(fu n c tio n c o d e ).
K o d e fu n g s i y a n g v a lid m e m p u n y a i r a n g e
1 -
2 5 5 , d im a n a k o d e 1 - 1 27 u n tu k f u n g s i n o rm a l, s e d a n g k a n 128 - 2 5 5 u n tu k f u n g s i
e x c e p tio n re s p o n s e .
F u n c tio n c o d e
b e rfu n g s i u n tu k m e m b e r ita h u
s la v e
te n ta n g
p e r in ta h y a n g h a ru s d ik e rja k a n d a n s e b a g a i in d ik a s i r e s p o n n o r m a l a ta u je n is
e r r o r
y a n g te rja d i (
e x c e p tio n r e s p o n s e ).
P a d a s is te m k o m u n ik a s i M o d b u s , ju m la h
f u n c ti o n c o d e
y a n g d id u k u n g b e r v a r ia s i te r g a n tu n g k o n tr o le r d a n p e r a la ta n
s la v e
T a b l e 2 .3 T a b e l f u n g s i
M o d b u s
K o d e
F u n g s i
F u n g s i
A k s i y a n g d ik e rja k an
1 = 0 1 H
R e a d
CoiJ
S ta tu s
M e m b a c a
statu s
O
N /O F F
c o il (o u tp u t d ig ital).
2 = 0 2 H
R e a d In p u t
S ta tu s
M e m b a c a
statu s
O N /O F F
in p u t d ig ital.
3 = 0 3 H
R e a d H o ld in g
R e g is te r s
M e m b a c a n ila i o u tp u t an alo g .
4 = 04 H
R e a d In p u t
R e g is te r s
M e m b a c a n ila i in p u t an alo g.
5 = 0 5 H
F o r c e S in g le
C o il
M e n g s e t statu s s atu co il p a d a
k e a d a a n O N /O F F .
6 = 0 6 H
P r e s e t S in g le
R e g is te r
M e n g s e t n ila i
satu o u tp u t
an alo g .
15 =
OFH
F o r c e M u ltip le
C o ils
M e n g s e t sta tu s b e b e ra p a co il
p a d a k e a d a a n O N /O F F .
1 6 = 10H
P r e s e t M u ltip le
R e g is te r s
M e n g s e t
n ila i
b e b e ra p a
o u tp u t an alo g.
K e te r a n g a n b e b e r a p a f u n g s i d a s a r y a n g p e r lu d ip e rh a tik a n :
1.
C o il
= f u n g s i in p u t s e c a r a b in e r u n tu k m e n y a ta k a n in p u t 1 a d a la h O N d a n
0 a d a la h o ff, d a p a t d ia tu r u n tu k f u n g s i u n t.u k m e m b a c a , m e n g a tu r j u g a
m e n e ta p k a n f u n g s i s ta tu s
(fo rce )
d e n g a n o u tp u t d ig ita l b a ik u n tu k s a tu
i n p u t/o u tp u t
m a u p u n b a n y a k s e k a lig u s
(m u ltip le ).
2.
I n p u t s ta tu s ( I n p u t C o n ta c t)
= m e n y a ta k a n f u n g s i in p u t y a n g d im a s u k k a n
s e b a g a i s e b u a h o u tp u t p a d a h a s il s e c a r a la n g s u n g s e c a r a d ig ital..
3.
R e g is te r s
= m e n y a ta k a n
in p u t/o u tp u t
y a n g d ih a s ilk a n d a ri p e n e r im a a n d a ta
d a ri in p u t s e c a r a a n a lo g b a ik d ig ita l b a ik u n tu k s a tu
in p u t/o u tp u t
m a u p u n
b a n y a k s e k a lig u s
(m u ltip le ).
D a ta f i e l d
p a d a
q u e r y
b e ris i k o d e s e b a g a i in f o r m a s i ta m b a h a n p a d a
f u n c ti o n c o d e
te n ta n g a k s i y a n g h a r u s d ik e rja k a n
s la v e .
I n fo rm a s i te r s e b u t b is a
p e n g e s e ta n . J ik a tid a k te rja d i
e r r o r , d a ta f i e l d
p a d a re s p o n b e ris i d a ta y a n g
d im in ta .
S e d a n g k a n p a d a
e x c e p tio n r e s p o n s e , d a ta f i e l d
b e ris i
e x c e p tio n c od e .
E r r o r
C h e c k in g F ie ld .
L
R C
( L o n g itu d in a l R e d u n d a n c y C h e c k )
P a d a m o d e
A S C II,
e r r o r c h e c k in g f i e l d
b e ris i 2 k a ra k te r A S C II y a n g d id a s a r k a n m e to d e
L R C . P r o s e d u r p e rh itu n g a n n ila i L R C a d a la h :
1. T a m b a h k a n s e m u a
b y te
p e s a n t a n p a m e n g ik u tk a n k a r a k te r
s ta r t
y a itu
c o lo n
d a n
k a ra k te r
e n d
y a itu C R L F , d a n ta n p a m e lib a tk a n
ca rry.
2. K u r a n g k a n n ila i F F h e x d e n g a n n ila i h a s il p e n ju m la h a n s e m u a
b y te
p e s a n ,
u n tu k m e n g h a s ilk a n k o m p le m e n 1.
3. T a m b a h k a n h a s iln y a d e n g a n 1 u n tu k m e n g h a s ilk a n k o m p le m e n d u a. H a s iln y a
m e ru p a k a n n ila i L R C .
C R C (
C y c lic a l R e d u n d a n c y C h e c k
) P a d a m o d e R T U ,
e r r o r c h e c k in g f i e l d
b e ris i s e b u a h n ila i 1 6
b it
(2
b y te )
y a n g d id a s a r k a n p a d a m e to d e C R C . P r o s e d u r
p e r h itu n g a n C R C a d alah :
1. I n is ia lis a s i n ila i r e g is te r 16 b it C R C d e n g a n F F F F h ex .
2. E k s k lu s if O R 8 b it d a ta p e s a n p e r ta m a d e n g a n
lo w o r d e r b y te r e g is te r
C R C ,
le ta k k a n h a s iln y a d i
r e g is te r
C R C .
3. G e s e r k a n a n r e g is te r C R C 1 b it k e a r a h L S B , d a n M S B d iisi d e n g a n 0. N ila i
L S B
r e g is te r
C R C y a n g te r g e s e r d ip e rik s a .
4. J ik a L S B te r g e s e r a d a la h 0 , u la n g i la n g k a h 3 (p e rg e s e ra n y a n g lain ). J ik a L S B
te r g e s e r 1, e k s k lu s if - O R r e g is te r C R C d e n g a n n ila i A 0 0 1 h e x ( 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.
U la n g i la n g k a h 3 d a n 4 s a m p a i d e la p a n p e rg e s e ra n . S e te la h d e la p a n p e rg e s e ra n ,
p ro s e s 8
b it
d a ta p e s a n p e r ta m a selesai.
6. U la n g i la n g k a h 2 - 5 u n tu k 8
b i t
d a ta p e s a n b e r ik u tn y a s a m p a i s e m u a d a ta
d ip ro s e s .
7.
N ila i a k h ir
r e g is te r
C R C a d a la h n ila i C R C . 8.
P a d a s a a t
C R C d ite m p a tk a n di
p e s a n , n ila i C R C
lo w o r d e r b y te
d ik ir im k a n te r le b ih d a h u lu d ik u ti
h ig h o r d e r
b y te .
P a d a
e x c e p tio n r e s p o n s e
te r d a p a t 4 p ro s e s k o m u n ik a s i y a n g m u n g k in
te rja d i a n t a r a
M a s te r
d a n
s la v e ,
y aitu :
•
J ik a
s la v e
m e n e r im a p e s a n
q u e r y
t a n p a a d a n y a k e s a la h a n k o m u n ik a s i, d a n
S la v e
d a p a t m e n a n g a n i
q u e r y
te rs e b u t,
S la v e
a k a n m e m b e r ik a n s e b u a h re s p o n
n o rm a l.
•
J ik a
s la v e
tid a k m e n e r im a
q u e r y
d ik a re n a k a n a d a n y a k e s a la h a n k o m u n ik a s i,
m a k a ti d a k a d a r e s p o n y a n g d ik irim k a n .
M a s te r
a k a n m e m b e r ik a n k o n d is i
tim e - o u t u n tu k p e n g irim a n
q u e r y
te rs e b u t.
•
J ik a
S la v e
m e n e r im a p e s a n
q u e r y ,
te ta p i te rd e te k s i k e s a la h a n k o m u n ik a s i
(
p a r i t y
, L
R C , a ta u C R C ), m a k a tid a k a d a re s p o n y a n g d ik irim k a n .
M a s te r
a k a n m e m b e r ik a n k o n d is i
tim e -o u t.
•
J ik a
S la v e
m e n e r im a
q u e r y
ta n p a a d a n y a k e s a la h a n k o m u n ik a s i, te ta p i
S la v e
tid a k d a p a t m e n a n g a n i p e r in ta h te r s e b u t (c o n to h : p e r in ta h u n tu k m e m b a c a
c o il
a ta u
r e g is te r
y a n g tid a k a d a ),
S la v e
a k a n m e n g ir im k a n s e b u a h re s p o n
p e n g e c u a lia n
(e x c e p tio n r e s p o n s e )
u n tu k m e m b e r ik a n in fo rm a s i k e p a d a
m e n g e m b a lik a n k o d e f u n g s i d e n g a n M
S B
( M o s t S ig n ific a n t B it)
d i se t
1 d a n
d a ta f i e l d
d iis i d e n g a n k o d e p e n g e c u a lia n (
e x c e p tio n c o d e
). H a l in i
d im a k s u d k a n a g a r
m a s te r
m e n g e ta h u i
e x c e p tio n
y a n g te rja d i. B e b e r a p a
e x c e p tio n c o d e
b e r ik u t k e te r a n g a n n y a d itu n ju k k a n p a d a g a m b a r ta b e l 2 .4.
T a b
