KARAKTERISASI SIMPLISIA DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA SERTA ISOLASI SENYAWA FLAVONOID DARI FRAKSI ETILASETAT
DAUN GAHARU (Aquilaria malaccencis Lamk.)
ABSTRAK
Tanaman gaharu termasuk ke dalam suku Thymelaeaceae, daunnya memiliki aktivitas antioksidan karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengisolasi senyawa flavonoid dan diidentifikasi dengan spektrofotometri UV menggunakan pereaksi geser (shift reagent) dan spektrofotometri IR.
Penelitian ini meliputi karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia, pembuatan ekstrak dan isolasi flavonoid. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara perkolasi dan fraksinasi, sehingga diperoleh fraksi etilasetat. Fraksi etilasetat kemudian diisolasi dengan kromatografi kolom, kromatografi lapis tipis dan kromatografi preparatif sehingga diperoleh flavonoid. Uji kemurnian dengan kromatografi lapis tipis dengan fase gerak yaitu etilasetat, etilasetat:metanol (90:10 v/v), toluen:etilasetat (70:30 v/v) dan n-heksana:etilasetat (80:20 v/v
Hasil karakterisasi simplisia diperoleh kadar air sebesar 3,53%, kadar sari larut air 12,09%, kadar sari larut etanol 9,56%, kadar abu total 7,04% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,62%. Hasil skrining fitokimia terhadap daun gaharu mengandung senyawa steroid/triterpenoid, glikosida, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. Analisis isolat menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang diperoleh adalah senyawa golongan flavonoid berfluoresensi lembayung biru dengan sinar UV 366 nm dan isolat yang diperoleh dianalisis secara spektrofotometri UV dengan pereaksi geser diduga merupakan senyawa golongan flavon dengan gugus hidroksi pada posisi 3, 4’ dan 7. Hasil spektrofotometri IR menunjukkan adanya gugus C-O, C-H aromatis, C=C, C-H, C-H alifatis dan –OH.
). Isolat yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan spektrofotometri UV menggunakan pereaksi geser (shift reagent) dan spektrofotometri IR.
Kata kunci: Aquilaria malaccencis, karakterisasi, skrining fitokimia, isolasi, flavonoid.
SIMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ISOLATION OF FLAVONOID COMPOUND FROM
ETHYLACETATE FRACTION OF AGARWOOD LEAVES (Aquilaria malaccencis Lamk.)
ABSTRACT
Agarwood plant belong to the Thymelaeaceae family contain antioxidant activity because of the chemical compound called flavonoids. The purpose of this research was to isolate the flavonoid compound and determined it using UV spectrophotometry with shift reagent and IR spectrophotometry.
This research covered simplex characterization, phytochemical screening, extraction and flavonoid isolation. Extraction was done through percolation and fractionation which produced ethylacetate fraction. The ethylacetate fraction was then isolated further using column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and preparative thin layer chromatography until flavonoid was produced. The purity test was performed with thin layer chromatography using ethylacetate, ethylacetate:methanol (90:10 v/v), toluen:ethylacetate (70:30 v/v) and n-hexane:ethylacetate (80:20 v/v
The result of simplex characterization produced 3.53% of water content, 12.09% of water-soluble extract content, 9.56% of ethanol-soluble extract content, 7.04% of total ash content and 0.62% of acid-insoluble ash content. The result of phytochemical screening of agarwood leaves contained steroid/triterpenoid, glycoside, flavonoid, tannin and saponin. The result of isolate analysis indicated that the isolate was flavonoid compound that showed violet blue fluorescence with 366 nm of UV light. The resulting isolate was then analyzed using UV spectrophotometry with shift reagent and it was indicated as flavones type with 3, 4’, and 7 trihydroxy group. The result of IR spectrophotometry indicated the presence of C-O, CH aromatics, C=C, C-H, aliphatic C-H and –OH functional groups.
) as the mobile phase, and the resulting isolate was identified by UV spectrophotometry and IR spectrophotometry.
Key words: Aquilaria malaccencis, characterization, phytochemical screening, isolation, flavonoid.
